Journal
CURRENT PROTEIN & PEPTIDE SCIENCE
Volume 13, Issue 8, Pages 767-775Publisher
BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBL LTD
DOI: 10.2174/138920312804871102
Keywords
Bacteria; immune response; protease/cysteine proteinase; proteinase inhibitor; virus
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Funding
- Slovenian Research Agency [J3-0612, P-0140, J1-4170]
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Proteinases and their inhibitors play essential functional roles in basic biological processes in both hosts and pathogens. Endo/lysosomal cathepsins participate in immune response in pathogen recognition and elimination. They are essential for both antigen processing and presentation (host adaptive immune response) and activation of endosomal Toll like receptors (innate immune response). Pathogens can produce proteases and also natural inhibitors to subvert the host immune response. Several pathogens are sensed through the intracellular pathogen recognition receptors, but only some of them use the host proteolytic system to escape into the cytosol. In this review, I provide an update on the most recent developments regarding the role of proteinases and their inhibitors in the initiation and regulation of immune responses.
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