Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Le Lv, Ziyang Chen, Wenhui Bai, Jiahui Hao, Zhengang Heng, Caijin Meng, Lin Wang, Xianglan Luo, Xinmiao Wang, Yanjun Cao, Jiao He
Summary: This study aimed to explore the efficacy of THDCA on ulcerative colitis and to reveal its mechanisms of action. The results showed that THDCA can significantly alleviate colitis and exert its effects by regulating the Th1/Th2 and Th17/Treg balance.
Article
Immunology
Stephanie Musiol, Francesca Alessandrini, Constanze A. Jakwerth, Adam M. Chaker, Evelyn Schneider, Ferdinand Guerth, Benjamin Schnautz, Johanna Grosch, Ileana Ghiordanescu, Julia T. Ullmann, Josephine Kau, Mirjam Plaschke, Stefan Haak, Thorsten Buch, Carsten B. Schmidt-Weber, Ulrich M. Zissler
Summary: TGF-beta plays a critical role in allergic airway inflammation by driving effector T cells and influencing the disease outcome. Inhibiting TGF-beta can reduce the disease phenotype, decrease pro-inflammatory T cell frequencies, and increase anti-inflammatory T cell frequencies. Additionally, in patients with allergic rhinitis and asthma, allergen-specific immunotherapy can suppress Th2 and Th9 cell frequencies and decrease the secretion of TGF-beta and IL-9.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Weihang Luo, Jindong Hu, Weifang Xu, Jingcheng Dong
Summary: The immune response in the asthmatic respiratory tract is driven by CD4(+) T helper cells, especially Th2 cells. Asthma is a heterogeneous and progressive disease, with different stages of the disease course showing different immune responses. The complex immune networks in the inflammatory airway make it challenging to find a universal treatment for all asthmatics.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Xia Ke, Ziqi Chen, Xiaoqiang Wang, Houyong Kang, Suling Hong
Summary: In this study, the effects of quercetin on the balance of Th1/Th2 and Treg/Th17 ratios in allergic rhinitis were explored. By orally administering different doses of quercetin to mice, nasal symptoms were observed and immunoglobulin levels, Treg/Th17-related factors, and pro-inflammatory factors were examined. The results showed that quercetin alleviated allergic rhinitis symptoms by balancing the Th1/Th2 and Treg/Th17 ratios and inhibiting the NF-kappa B pathway.
Article
Immunology
Mengxian Zhou, Ruyi Qu, Xuewei Yin, Yan Qiu, Yuan Peng, Bin Liu, Yane Gao, Hongsheng Bi, Dadong Guo
Summary: In this study, the regulatory effects of prednisone acetate (PA) on the Th1/Th2 and Th17/Treg balance in experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU) through modulating the Notch signaling pathway were investigated. The results showed that activation of the Notch signaling pathway resulted in a severe imbalance of the Th17/Treg and Th1/Th2 ratios, while PA treatment significantly alleviated ocular inflammation, inhibited activation of the Notch signaling pathway, and restored the Th1/Th2 and Th17/Treg balance.
INTERNATIONAL IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Florianne M. J. Hafkamp, Esther W. M. Taanman-Kueter, Toni M. M. van Capel, Tom Groot Kormelink, Esther C. de Jong
Summary: This study investigated the effects of Vitamin D3 on the differentiation of specific human T cells. The results showed that Vitamin D3 can restrict the development of Th17 cells, promote the development of regulatory T cells, and reduce the production of specific cytokines by dendritic cells. This provides potential for the use of Vitamin D3 as an adjuvant in the treatment of autoimmune disorders.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Yumei Zhou, Linhan Hu, Honglei Zhang, Haiyun Zhang, Juntong Liu, Xiaoshan Zhao, Ji Wang, Qi Wang
Summary: The study found that GMK achieves a similar effect as dexamethasone in controlling symptoms of allergic asthma and inhibiting inflammation, reconstructs the immune balance of Th1/Th2 and Treg/Th17 cells, and impacts asthma treatment by altering gut microbiota. Metabolome results reveal specific substances associated with Th1/Th2 and Treg/Th17 cell balance.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Xiao-Di Chen, Jing Xie, Yong Wei, Ji-Feng Yu, Ye Cao, Lu Xiao, Xue-Jing Wu, Cong-Jian Mao, Run-Min Kang, Yong-Gang Ye
Summary: Despite long-term control efforts, hepatic coccidiosis caused by Eimeria stiedai infection remains persistent in rabbits in China. This study provides the first evidence of changes in Th1/Th2/Treg/Th17/Th9/Th21 cells in rabbits infected with E. stiedai, offering insights into immune regulation mechanisms and potential vaccine development.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Immunology
Wenjing Chen, Yuxue Cao, Yuanyuan Zhong, Jing Sun, Jingcheng Dong
Summary: CD4(+) helper T cell subsets play a critical role in the pathogenesis of asthma. Different subsets of Th cells differentiate under the stimulation of different cytokines and are driven by lineage-specific transcription factors. The balance between effector Th cell response and Treg cell immunosuppression is essential for maintaining immune homeostasis and understanding the immunopathological mechanism of asthma. Recent studies have found that certain factors involved in effector Th cell response also contribute to the development and function of Treg cells. This review aims to summarize the role of these factors in Treg cell development and function to gain new insights into the immunopathological mechanism and potential therapy strategies of asthma.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Hana Yamaguchi, Miki Hiroi, Kazumasa Mori, Ryosuke Ushio, Ari Matsumoto, Nobuharu Yamamoto, Jun Shimada, Yoshihiro Ohmori
Summary: This study investigated the gene expression kinetics of chemokines/cytokines during oral cancer development in a mouse model using the carcinogen 4NQO. The results showed that both Th1- and Treg-associated chemokines were simultaneously expressed in premalignant lesions, suggesting the initiation of anti-tumor immune responses and immunosuppression in the early stages of OLP development. This study highlights the role of chemokines and cytokines in immune cell recruitment and activation during oral cancer progression.
Review
Microbiology
Ekaterina Martynova, Albert Rizvanov, Richard A. Urbanowicz, Svetlana Khaiboullina
Summary: This review focuses on the mechanisms of inflammasome activation and their role in the development of Th1, Th2, and Th17 lymphocytes. The contribution of cytokines released from activated inflammasomes to the immune response is summarized, along with the discussion of the role of cytokines released from tissue cells in promoting lymphocyte differentiation.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Yi Zhang, Chenglin Niu
Summary: The study suggests that CDC42 may be associated with the progression and cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease, and has the potential to serve as a biomarker for estimating AD risk and progression.
ANNALS OF CLINICAL AND TRANSLATIONAL NEUROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Wenjing Gu, Suyu Guo, Jiahui Zhang, Xinxing Zhang, Zhichao Sun, Zhengrong Chen, Li Huang
Summary: Asthma is an inflammatory disease in which Th2 differentiation and dendritic cells (DCs) play important roles. Highly expressed March1 can promote Th2 differentiation induced by DCs through facilitating OX40L expression and contribute to the development of asthma. These findings might provide new insights into the treatment of asthma.
INTERNATIONAL IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications
Qiantong Liang, Wing-Cheong Lo
Summary: This paper investigated a mathematical model of the interactions between Th1 and Th2 cells with Treg cell inhibition and stochastic effects to study the preference of outcomes and noise-induced hopping among different states. The results showed that under small noise effects, the high-Th2-low-Th1 state is more attractive due to the stronger inhibitory effect of Treg cells on Th1 cell development, with the attractiveness of states mainly affected by extrinsic noise in Th2 cell signaling.
CHAOS SOLITONS & FRACTALS
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Junying Wang, Xingqi Zhao, Yisong Y. Wan
Summary: Balanced immunity is crucial for maintaining health and homeostasis. CD4(+) helper T (Th) cells play a central role in regulating immune tolerance and immune rejection. Regulatory T (Treg) and Th17 cells are important cell types involved in immune tolerance, homeostasis, pathogenicity, and pathogen clearance. Understanding the regulation of Treg and Th17 cell function by the TGF-beta superfamily and its signaling pathways is of great importance for both health and disease.
CELLULAR & MOLECULAR IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Anesthesiology
Alberto Fogagnolo, Salvatore Grasso, Martin Dres, Loreto Gesualdo, Francesco Murgolo, Elena Morelli, Irene Ottaviani, Elisabetta Marangoni, Carlo Alberto Volta, Savino Spadaro
Summary: Mechanically ventilated patients with ARDS due to SARS-CoV-2 are more susceptible to AKI, with a more compromised renal blood flow and higher renal resistivity index compared to patients with classical ARDS. There is a linear correlation between PEEP and RRI in SARS-CoV-2 ARDS patients. The occurrence of AKI is higher in SARS-CoV-2 ARDS patients compared to ARDS patients.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MONITORING AND COMPUTING
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Fabio Sallustio, Claudia Curci, Antonio Giovanni Solimando, Patrizia Leone, Paola Pontrelli, Loreto Gesualdo, Angelo Vacca, Vito Racanelli, Anna Gallone
Summary: The study demonstrates that digital PCR and targeted DNA monitoring can serve as effective methods for early detection of specific genomic abnormalities in MM and MGUS patients.
CANCER BIOLOGY & THERAPY
(2021)
Review
Cell Biology
Giuseppe Stefano Netti, Rossana Franzin, Alessandra Stasi, Federica Spadaccino, Andrea Dello Strologo, Barbara Infante, Loreto Gesualdo, Giuseppe Castellano, Elena Ranieri, Giovanni Stallone
Summary: The complement system and cellular senescence, traditionally recognized as protective mechanisms against cancer, have been identified as main inducers of tumor growth in the context of chronic inflammation, known as inflammaging.
Article
Microbiology
Mario Giosue Balzanelli, Pietro Distratis, Rita Lazzaro, Angelo Cefalo, Orazio Catucci, Sergey Khachatur Aityan, Gianna Dipalma, Luigi Vimercati, Alessio Danilo Inchingolo, Maria Elena Maggiore, Antonio Mancini, Luigi Santacroce, Loreto Gesualdo, Van Hung Pham, Donatello Iacobone, Maria Contaldo, Rosario Serpico, Antonio Scarano, Felice Lorusso, Tran Cong Toai, Silvio Tafuri, Giovanni Migliore, Angelo Michele Inchingolo, Kieu Cao Diem Nguyen, Francesco Inchingolo, Diego Tomassone, Ciro Gargiulo Isacco
Summary: The study speculated the existence of the lung, heart, and kidney axis as the main pathway for COVID-19 progression. Majority of COVID-19 patients showed multi-organ involvement with preexisting comorbidities and severely low vitamin D, high IL-6, and low eGFR levels. This highlights the importance of addressing modifiable risk factors related to SARS-CoV-2 and lung impairment in older patients with kidney and heart disease for better management.
Review
Immunology
Loreto Gesualdo, Vincenzo Di Leo, Rosanna Coppo
Summary: The pathogenesis of IgA nephropathy may be associated with mucosal immunity, microbiota, genetic factors, food antigens, infections, and mucosal immune response. Potential therapies targeting microbes and mucosal hyperresponsiveness in IgAN patients are currently being evaluated.
SEMINARS IN IMMUNOPATHOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Urology & Nephrology
Antonio Granata, Elnaz Rahbari, Francesco Pesce, Loreto Gesualdo, Matthias Zeiler
Summary: Contrast enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) is a novel examination method in the field of peritoneal dialysis, which has been found to be helpful in evaluating catheter malfunction, peritoneal-pleural communication, leakage, and herniation. It provides dynamic functional imaging of the catheter and its complications. CEUS is simple, safe, radiation-free, and appears to be less time-consuming and more cost-effective than other radiological imaging techniques.
JOURNAL OF NEPHROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Stefania Roberta Cicco, Maria Michela Giangregorio, Maria Teresa Rocchetti, Ighli di Bari, Claudio Mastropaolo, Rossella Labarile, Roberta Ragni, Loreto Gesualdo, Gianluca Maria Farinola, Danilo Vona
Summary: This study demonstrates that a PDA coating on silica- and polymer-based materials improves the entrapment and retention of uremic toxins. The coating process involves oxidative polymerization of dopamine in mild basic aqueous conditions. The resulting hybrid systems successfully remove uremic toxins from patients' sera.
Review
Food Science & Technology
Gianvito Caggiano, Alessandra Stasi, Rossana Franzin, Marco Fiorentino, Maria Teresa Cimmarusti, Annamaria Deleonardis, Rita Palieri, Paola Pontrelli, Loreto Gesualdo
Summary: The gut microbiome plays a crucial role in kidney disease, with dysbiosis-related uremic toxins and pro-inflammatory mediators contributing to kidney function deterioration. The toxicity of uremic compounds has been well-documented in various pathophysiological mechanisms, such as cardiovascular injury, metabolic dysfunction, and inflammation. Accumulating evidence supports the use of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) as a promising treatment to reduce uremic toxin accumulation. This review presents the current state of FMT application in kidney disease to restore a healthy microbiome and reverse uremic toxin retention.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Gianvito Caggiano, Loredana Amodio, Alessandra Stasi, Nicola Antonio Colabufo, Santina Colangiulo, Francesco Pesce, Loreto Gesualdo
Summary: In recent years, indoxyl sulfate has been found to play a significant role in the progression of kidney disease and the development of cardiovascular problems. However, current methods for measuring indoxyl sulfate levels, such as LC-MS/MS, are time-consuming and require specialized equipment. In this pilot study, we developed a fast and simple alternative method using colorimetric assay to accurately measure indoxyl sulfate levels in serum.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Fabio Sallustio, Angela Picerno, Francesca Montenegro, Maria Teresa Cimmarusti, Vincenzo Di Leo, Loreto Gesualdo
Summary: The human virome, consisting of prokaryotes, viruses, fungi, and parasites, is intricately connected with the human host. Different viral community states have been identified as indicators of health or undesirable outcomes for the host. The virome can collaborate with the human host in maintaining mutualistic functions and preserving human health. This Review explores the role of viruses in health and disease, the relationship between the virobiota and immune system control, and the potential molecular mechanisms linking viruses to glomerulonephritis and IgA nephropathy.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Virology
Davide Fiore Bavaro, Lucia Diella, Alessandra Belati, Giuliana Metrangolo, Laura De Santis, Vito Spada, Michele Camporeale, Angelo Dargenio, Gaetano Brindicci, Flavia Balena, Deborah Fiordelisi, Fabio Signorile, Giacomo Loseto, Crescenza Pasciolla, Carla Minoia, Immacolata Attolico, Tommasina Perrone, Simona Simone, Maria Rendina, Nicoletta Giovine, Francesco Di Gennaro, Pellegrino Musto, Attilio Guarini, Alfredo Di Leo, Loreto Gesualdo, Maria Dell'Aera, Annalisa Saracino
Summary: Remdesivir (REM) and monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) may alleviate severe COVID-19 in at-risk hospitalized patients, particularly in elderly or immunocompromised hosts. The use of REM and mAbs was associated with a reduced risk of severe COVID-19, and the combination therapy was particularly beneficial for immunocompromised patients.
Review
Cell Biology
Francesca Giannuzzi, Silvia Maiullari, Loreto Gesualdo, Fabio Sallustio
Summary: Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a diverse group of transcripts that regulate gene expression at different levels in various cellular contexts and biological processes. Understanding their mechanisms of action and their involvement in disease can lead to potential therapeutic approaches. In the context of renal pathogenesis, the role of lncRNAs is still not well understood, particularly in healthy kidneys and adult renal stem/progenitor cells (ARPC). This review provides an overview of lncRNA biogenesis, degradation, and functions, focusing on their functional roles in kidney diseases and their regulation of stem cell biology, with a specific emphasis on the lncRNA HOTAIR's ability to prevent senescence in ARPC.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Davide Fiore Bavaro, Nicolo De Gennaro, Alessandra Belati, Lucia Diella, Roberta Papagni, Luisa Frallonardo, Michele Camporeale, Giacomo Guido, Carmen Pellegrino, Maricla Marrone, Alessandro Dell'Erba, Loreto Gesualdo, Nicola Brienza, Salvatore Grasso, Giuseppe Columbo, Antonio Moschetta, Giovanna Elisiana Carpagnano, Antonio Daleno, Anna Maria Minicucci, Giovanni Migliore, Annalisa Saracino
Summary: The introduction of a pro-active Infectious Disease (ID) consultation in a COVID-19 hospital can reduce the mortality risk of patients with MDROs infections by optimizing treatment and diagnostic strategies to improve patient outcomes.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Marco Fiorentino, Francesca Bagagli, Annamaria Deleonardis, Alessandra Stasi, Rossana Franzin, Francesca Conserva, Barbara Infante, Giovanni Stallone, Paola Pontrelli, Loreto Gesualdo
Summary: Kidney transplantation is the preferred treatment for end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) are at a higher risk of ICU admission, mainly in the late post-transplant period. Urosepsis and bloodstream infections are the main reasons for ICU admissions, and side effects of immunosuppressive treatment should also be accounted for. AKI incidence is common in KTRs during ICU stay, and in-hospital mortality can be high. The present review aims to explore the impact of AKI on outcomes in KTRs and provide insights into its diagnosis, management, and immunosuppression modulation.
Article
Urology & Nephrology
Francesco Pesce, Domenico Pasculli, Giuseppe Pasculli, Luca De Nicola, Mario Cozzolino, Antonio Granata, Loreto Gesualdo
Summary: Training and network support from nephrologists to GPs can improve CKD awareness and increase its identification in the general population and especially in categories at risk.
JOURNAL OF NEPHROLOGY
(2022)
