c Applications of Ultrasound in Organic Synthesis - A Green Approach

Ultrasound irradiation differs from conventional energy sources (such as heat, light, or ionizing radiation) in time, pressure, and energy per molecule. The use of ultrasound waves in organic synthesis has attracted an increasing interest over the last years. Use of ultrasound waves as alternative source of energy is of great interest in the area of green and pharmaceutical chemistry. This review will focus on the uses of ultrasound waves in heterocyclic chemistry, condensation reactions, substitution reactions, oxidation, reduction, addition reactions, photochemical reactions, protection/deprotection reactions, coupling reaction photochemical reactions, polymerization reactions etc.