Journal
CURRENT OPINION IN ORGAN TRANSPLANTATION
Volume 17, Issue 6, Pages 626-633Publisher
LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS
DOI: 10.1097/MOT.0b013e32835a4be2
Keywords
everolimus; mTOR; organ transplantation; signaling pathway; sirolimus
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Purpose of review Here, we review recent advances and new insights in mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) biology (signalling pathway, kidney biology and immune system), and recent clinical data on mTOR inhibitors related to solid organ transplantation. Recent findings The mTOR pathway is a major integrator of signals governing protein and lipid biosynthesis and growth factor-driven cell cycle progression. Recent findings have emphasized a critical role of mTOR in cellular homeostasis with a crucial role in podocyte function. Beyond CD8(+) and regulatory T-cell control, mTOR protein is involved in critical biological functions of T helper cells or dendritic cells. New specific inhibitors of mTORC1/C2 are available and shed new light on mTOR functions. Finally, clinical trials have better defined the use of mTOR inhibitors and emphasized their role in cancer prevention. Summary The mTOR pathway is considered as a key integrator of multiple inputs that drives numerous biological processes in cell biology. mTOR inhibitors are potent immunosuppressive drugs for solid organ transplantation. Newly designed specific inhibitors of mTOR complex 1 and 2 offer promising therapeutic effects and a better understanding of the pathway. Many conditions may benefit from mTOR inhibition for a short period, but tolerance of treatment in a chronic setting remains a major concern.
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