Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Brian J. Burkett, Jeffrey C. Babcock, Val J. Lowe, Jonathan Graff-Radford, Rathan M. Subramaniam, Derek R. Johnson
Summary: PET imaging plays an essential role in the earlier and more specific diagnoses of dementia syndromes, especially with the development of pathology-specific disease-modifying therapy for Alzheimer disease. Amyloid and tau PET techniques have entered clinical use, making nuclear medicine physicians and radiologists crucial members of the care team. This review discusses recent changes in the understanding of dementia and examines the roles of nuclear medicine imaging in clinical practice.
CLINICAL NUCLEAR MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Wei Ling Lau, Mark Fisher, Evan Fletcher, Charles DeCarli, Hayden Troutt, Maria M. Corrada, Claudia Kawas, Annlia Paganini-Hill
Summary: The study found that higher amyloid-beta burden was associated with dementia in the elderly population, but not with factors like age, diabetes, and hypertension. However, there was no association between brain amyloid-beta burden and kidney function, suggesting that microvascular disease, rather than Alzheimer's pathology, may be the main driver of cognitive dysfunction in CKD.
FRONTIERS IN MEDICINE
(2021)
Editorial Material
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Kejal Kantarci
Summary: Development of radiopharmaceuticals for in vivo positron emission tomography imaging of alpha-synuclein aggregates has potential for transforming the diagnosis and treatment of Lewy body disease. In this issue of Cell, Xiang et al. successfully developed a high-affinity positron emission tomography tracer for alpha-synuclein.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Lyduine E. Collij, Gemma Salvado, Arno de Wilde, Daniele Altomare, Mahnaz Shekari, Juan Domingo Gispert, Santiago Bullich, Andrew Stephens, Frederik Barkhof, Philip Scheltens, Femke Bouwman, Wiesje M. van der Flier
Summary: This study investigated the quantification of amyloid burden in a mixed memory clinic population. The results showed that amyloid burden was associated with syndromic and etiological diagnosis, suggesting its potential clinical value in differential diagnosis and prognosis.
ALZHEIMERS & DEMENTIA
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Poul F. Hoilund-Carlsen, Mona-Elisabeth Revheim, Tommaso Costa, Kasper P. Kepp, Rudolph J. Castellani, George Perry, Abass Alavi, Jorge R. Barrio
Summary: In June 2021, the FDA accelerated approved aducanumab and in January 2023 also lecanemab, based on perceived drug-induced removal of cerebral amyloid-beta as assessed by amyloid-PET and, in the case of lecanemab, limited clinical efficacy assumption. Approval for donanemab is pending further data. However, published trial data indicate minimal and uncertain clinical benefits, similar to conventional medication. Additionally, amyloid-PET signal decrease may reflect increased cell damage instead of amyloid removal, as supported by increased amyloid-related imaging abnormalities and brain volume loss in treated patients compared to placebo. We also question the current AD diagnostic criteria based on amyloid-PET imaging biomarkers and recommend future anti-AD therapy trials to incorporate (1) diagnosis based on cognitive decline and decreased cerebral metabolism assessed by FDA-approved FDG-PET, (2) therapy efficacy determined by cognitive ability, cerebral metabolism by FDG-PET, and brain volumes by MRI, and (3) neuropathologic examination of all deaths occurring in these trials.
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Joseph Therriault, Andrea L. Benedet, Tharick A. Pascoal, Melissa Savard, Nicholas J. Ashton, Mira Chamoun, Cecile Tissot, Firoza Lussier, Min Su Kang, Gleb Bezgin, Tina Wang, Jaime Fernandes-Arias, Gassan Massarweh, Paolo Vitali, Henrik Zetterberg, Kaj Blennow, Paramita Saha-Chaudhuri, Jean-Paul Soucy, Serge Gauthier, Pedro Rosa-Neto
Summary: This study assessed multiple methods for determining an optimal cutoff for F-18-AZD4694 PET positivity, with good convergence among different approaches. The findings suggest that a threshold of 1.55 SUVR may have reliable discriminative accuracy for amyloid-beta positivity on PET imaging.
JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Anjum Hajat, Christina Park, Claire Adam, Annette L. Fitzpatrick, Sindana D. Ilango, Cindy Leary, Tanya Libby, Oscar Lopez, Erin O. Semmens, Joel D. Kaufman
Summary: Air pollution is associated with Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD), possibly due to oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and the deposition of beta-amyloid in the brain. A study found that exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5), particulate matter (PM10), and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) was positively associated with higher levels of beta-amyloid, indicating a link between air pollution and ADRD.
ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL
(2023)
Editorial Material
Neurosciences
Poul F. Hoilund-Carlsen, Abass Alavi
Summary: This article discusses the mechanism of action of the FDA-approved anti-Alzheimer drug and the authors' view on the role of amyloid deposits in the progression of the disease.
JOURNAL OF ALZHEIMERS DISEASE
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ji Hye Yoon, JooHyun Hwang, Sung Un Son, Junhyuk Choi, Seung-Won You, Hyunwoo Park, Seung-Yun Cha, Sungho Maeng
Summary: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by cognitive decline. Despite efforts to find a cure, no proper treatment has been developed yet, and early diagnosis to prevent disease progression remains the only effective approach. The amyloid cascade hypothesis is the most widely known cause of AD, but other hypotheses, such as insulin resistance, have also been suggested. This article reviews the pathophysiological connection between brain metabolic insufficiency, insulin resistance, and AD pathology to explore how insulin resistance can contribute to AD.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Neurosciences
Baosheng Chen, Bernadette Marquez-Nostra, Erika Belitzky, Takuya Toyonaga, Jie Tong, Yiyun Huang, Zhengxin Cai
Summary: This study reviews the current state of preclinical PET imaging using animal models of Alzheimer's disease (AD), highlighting its importance in understanding AD pathogenesis/progression and the development of novel treatments. Future research directions are also suggested.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Shizuo Hatashita, Daichi Wakebe
Summary: This study found that some initially amyloid-negative non-demented subjects converted to globally amyloid-positive during a long-term follow-up, with some association with the APOE epsilon 4 allele. Early regional increases in PIB DVR were most frequently observed in the right lateral temporal cortex.
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Stina Syvanen, Silvio R. Meier, Sahar Roshanbin, Mengfei Xiong, Rebecca Faresjo, Tobias Gustavsson, Gillian Bonvicini, Eva Schlein, Ximena Aguilar, Ulrika Julku, Jonas Eriksson, Dag Sehlin
Summary: Positron emission tomography (PET) is a medical imaging technique that has become important in clinical trials of drugs against Alzheimer's disease (AD). PET data contributed to the approval of aducanumab, an antibody targeting amyloid-beta (A beta) aggregates, by showing a dose-dependent reduction in brain amyloid. PET is also useful in preclinical studies with animal models of A beta pathology. It allows for longitudinal studies and has high translatability between species.
PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Minh-Uyen Thi Le, Hyun Kyong Shon, Hong-Phuong Nguyen, Chul-Ho Lee, Kyoung-Shim Kim, Hee-Kyung Na, Tae Geol Lee
Summary: The importance of multi-omic-based approaches in understanding various pathological mechanisms, including neurodegenerative diseases, is highlighted. Spatial information is crucial for understanding pathological biomolecular interactions and identifying therapeutic target biomarkers. Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) is a powerful tool for visualizing chemical information in cells and tissues with high sensitivity, chemical specificity, and spatial resolution. This paper proposes a new strategy using ToF-SIMS to simultaneously obtain spatial information on different biomolecules, including labeled and label-free approaches. The strategy enables sensitive and specific imaging of large molecules such as peptides, proteins, and mRNA, and also provides high-resolution label-free tissue imaging of small biomolecules. This comprehensive approach allows for the integrated analysis of metabolites, lipids, peptides, proteins, and mRNA in tissues, providing valuable insights into biomolecular interactions and pathological mechanisms.
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Panteleimon Giannakopoulos, Cristelle Rodriguez, Marie-Louise Montandon, Valentina Garibotto, Sven Haller, Francois R. Herrmann
Summary: This study examines the impact of personality on Alzheimer's disease (AD) and vascular imaging markers. The results show that high levels of conscientiousness and openness are positively associated with AD-signature MRI markers, while higher extraversion levels are associated with an increased number of cortical microbleeds.
JOURNAL OF ALZHEIMERS DISEASE
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Elizabeth Williams, Ashli Alex, Xi Wei Chin, Tara Spires-Jones, Szu-Han Wang
Summary: This study aimed to investigate whether cognitive training in mid-adulthood could improve subsequent cognition and reduce AD pathology in mice. The results showed that mid-adulthood cognitive training improved accuracy in AD mice and efficiency in all mice in the spatial task, but had no clear benefit on memory or amyloid pathology.
JOURNAL OF ALZHEIMERS DISEASE
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Maria A. Boylan, Chris M. Foster, Ekarin E. Pongpipat, Christina E. Webb, Karen M. Rodrigue, Kristen M. Kennedy
Summary: This study examined the effects of aging on brain signal variability, finding that BOLD variability increases with age in various cortical and subcortical regions, and is associated with poorer cognitive performance in younger to middle-aged adults.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Dianne K. Bryce, Chris M. Ware, Janice D. Woodhouse, Paul J. Ciaccio, J. Michael Ellis, Laxminarayan G. Hegde, Sabu Kuruvilla, Matthew L. Maddess, Carrie G. Markgraf, Karin M. Otte, Frederique M. Poulet, Lauren M. Timmins, Matthew E. Kennedy, Matthew J. Fell
Summary: Long-term treatment with LRRK2 kinase inhibitors in mice can lead to mild and reversible effects on lung histomorphology, highlighting the potential safety and tolerability of chronic LRRK2 kinase inhibition in Parkinson's disease (PD) treatment.
JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY AND EXPERIMENTAL THERAPEUTICS
(2021)
Correction
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Simon Dujardin, Caitlin Commins, Aurelien Lathuiliere, Pieter Beerepoot, Analiese R. Fernandes, Tarun V. Kamath, Mark B. De Los Santos, Naomi Klickstein, Diana L. Corjuc, Bianca T. Corjuc, Patrick M. Dooley, Arthur Viode, Derek H. Oakley, Benjamin D. Moore, Kristina Mullin, Dinorah Jean-Gilles, Ryan Clark, Kevin Atchison, Renee Moore, Lori B. Chibnik, Rudolph E. Tanzi, Matthew P. Frosch, Alberto Serrano-Pozo, Fiona Elwood, Judith A. Steen, Matthew E. Kennedy, Bradley T. Hyman
Article
Behavioral Sciences
David A. Hoagey, Linh T. T. Lazarus, Karen M. Rodrigue, Kristen M. Kennedy
Summary: The study found that with aging, both blood pressure and white matter hyperintensity burden increase, deteriorating white matter health and negatively impacting executive functions.
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Brandon M. Taoka, Wen-Lian Wu, Jinsong Hao, Martin Dolmaski, Hongwu Wang, Dorthy Levorse, Peter Orth, Lynn A. Hyde, Brad Smith, Maria S. Michener, Matthew E. Kennedy, Eric M. Parker, Jared N. Cumming
Summary: This paper explores the structure-activity relationships of novel fluoroalkyl substituents at the C2 position of iminothiazine dioxide beta secretase inhibitors, highlighting the impact of reduced amidine basicity on Pgp, cell potency, and efficacy in preclinical in vivo animal models. The findings provide valuable insights into the mechanisms of action of these inhibitors.
BIOORGANIC & MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Mitchell H. Keylor, Anmol Gulati, Solomon D. Kattar, Rebecca E. Johnson, Ryan W. Chau, Kaila A. Margrey, Michael J. Ardolino, Cayetana Zarate, Kelsey E. Poremba, Vladimir Simov, Gregori J. Morriello, John J. Acton, Barbara Pio, Xin Yan, Rachel L. Palte, Spencer E. McMinn, Lisa Nogle, Charles A. Lesburg, Donovon Adpressa, Shishi Lin, Santhosh Neelamkavil, Ping Liu, Jing Su, Laxminarayan G. Hegde, Janice D. Woodhouse, Robert Faltus, Tina Xiong, Paul J. Ciaccio, Jennifer Piesvaux, Karin M. Otte, Harold B. Wood, Matthew E. Kennedy, David Jonathan Bennett, Erin F. DiMauro, Matthew J. Fell, Peter H. Fuller
Summary: The study successfully discovered brain-penetrant molecules with candidate-quality, high selectivity against the kinome, potency- and selectivity-enhancing design elements, and encouraging brain penetration in preclinical models.
JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Takashi Tarumi, Neena R. Patel, Tsubasa Tomoto, Evan Pasha, Ayaz M. Khan, Kayla Kostroske, Jonathan Riley, Cynthia D. Tinajero, Ciwen Wang, Linda S. Hynan, Karen M. Rodrigue, Kristen M. Kennedy, Denise C. Park, Rong Zhang
Summary: This study investigated the effects of a 1-year aerobic exercise intervention on cognitive function, brain volume, and cortical thickness in sedentary older adults. The results showed that both aerobic exercise and stretching interventions improved cognitive performance, but did not prevent age-related brain volume loss. Improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness were positively correlated with cognitive performance and regional cortical thickness.
JOURNAL OF INTERNAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Xi Chen, Melissa M. Rundle, Kristen M. Kennedy, William Moore, Denise C. Park
Summary: Neuroimaging research has found two different patterns of brain activation in successful cognitive aging - maintenance of youth-like activity and compensatory novel recruitment. This study investigated these patterns in individuals who resisted age-related cognitive decline over four years. The results showed that successful agers exhibited high subsequent memory effect until very old age, while average agers had reduced subsequent memory effect starting in young-old age. Additionally, successful agers showed additional recruitment in prefrontal clusters in young-old age. This study provides evidence of the neural mechanisms underlying successful cognitive aging.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Tsubasa Tomoto, Aryan Verma, Kayla Kostroske, Takashi Tarumi, Neena R. Patel, Evan P. Pasha, Jonathan Riley, Cynthia D. Tinajero, Linda S. Hynan, Karen M. Rodrigue, Kristen M. Kennedy, Denise C. Park, Rong Zhang
Summary: This study found that one-year progressive, moderate-to-vigorous aerobic exercise training has positive effects on cerebral blood flow, central arterial stiffness, and cognitive performance. In cognitively normal older adults, aerobic exercise training increased cerebral blood flow, decreased carotid arterial stiffness and cerebrovascular resistance, and was associated with improved memory function.
JOURNAL OF CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW AND METABOLISM
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Justyna A. Dobrowolska Zakaria, Randall J. Bateman, Monika Lysakowska, Ammaarah Khatri, Dinorah Jean-Gilles, Matthew E. Kennedy, Robert Vassar
Summary: This paper presents a method for measuring the metabolism of sAPP beta and sAPP alpha in humans using stable isotope labeling kinetics, immunoprecipitation, and liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. The method allows for a comprehensive study of these analytes and could provide novel insights into the pathophysiological mechanisms of Alzheimer's disease.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
David A. Candito, Vladimir Simov, Anmol Gulati, Solomon Kattar, Ryan W. Chau, Blair T. Lapointe, Joey L. Methot, Duane E. DeMong, Thomas H. Graham, Ravi Kurukulasuriya, Mitchell H. Keylor, Ling Tong, Gregori J. Morriello, John J. Acton, Barbara Pio, Weiguo Liu, Jack D. Scott, Michael J. Ardolino, Theodore A. Martinot, Matthew L. Maddess, Xin Yan, Hakan Gunaydin, Rachel L. Palte, Spencer E. McMinn, Lisa Nogle, Hongshi Yu, Ellen C. Minnihan, Charles A. Lesburg, Ping Liu, Jing Su, Laxminarayan G. Hegde, Lily Y. Moy, Janice D. Woodhouse, Robert Faltus, Tina Xiong, Paul Ciaccio, Jennifer A. Piesvaux, Karin M. Otte, Matthew E. Kennedy, David Jonathan Bennett, Erin F. DiMauro, Matthew J. Fell, Santhosh Neelamkavil, Harold B. Wood, Peter H. Fuller, J. Michael Ellis
Summary: This article describes the optimization process of a novel LRRK2 inhibitor for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. By combining structure-based drug design with cross-coupling technologies, a unique motif with extraordinary potency and favorable CNS drug-like properties was discovered. The lead compound showed exceptional on-target potency, selectivity, and brain exposure, making it a promising candidate for preclinical studies.
JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Joseph P. Hennessee, Christina E. Webb, Xi Chen, Kristen M. Kennedy, Gagan S. Wig, Denise C. Park
Summary: There is a debate about the significance of additional fMRI-measured activity in the right prefrontal cortex in older adults and whether it enhances cognition. A study with 461 adults aged 20-89 found that higher left-lateralization in the prefrontal cortex was associated with better cognitive performance in middle-aged adults, while lower laterality scores were associated with better cognition in older adults. These findings have important implications for current theories of neurocognitive aging.
Article
Clinical Neurology
M. Yuan, Kristen M. Kennedy
Summary: This study used geospatial tools and landmarks to assess environmental complexity and predict cognitive status. The results showed that street length, circuity, and points of interest were associated with dementia. Therefore, environmental complexity plays an important role in the development of Alzheimer's disease.
JPAD-JOURNAL OF PREVENTION OF ALZHEIMERS DISEASE
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Stephan A. Muller, Merav D. Shmueli, Xiao Feng, Johanna Tushaus, Neele Schumacher, Ryan Clark, Brad E. Smith, An Chi, Stefan Rose-John, Matthew E. Kennedy, Stefan F. Lichtenthaler
Summary: In this study, the researchers identified SEZ6 and gp130/IL6ST as physiological substrates of BACE1 in non-human-primate cerebrospinal fluid. They also found a reduction of gp130 in human CSF from a clinical trial with a BACE inhibitor and in plasma of BACE1-deficient mice. These findings provide insights into the relationship between BACE1 and gp130 in neuronal signaling and survival.
MOLECULAR NEURODEGENERATION
(2023)
Article
Anatomy & Morphology
Giuseppe G. Miranda, Karen M. Rodrigue, Kristen M. Kennedy
Summary: The study demonstrates that the DRD2 gene influences dopamine availability in cortical regions, thereby affecting cognitive performance through its contribution to brain structure.
BRAIN STRUCTURE & FUNCTION
(2021)