Article
Microbiology
Wei Wu, Yang Qu, Shengqing Yu, Sa Wang, Yuncong Yin, Qinfang Liu, Chunchun Meng, Ying Liao, Zaib Ur Rehman, Lei Tan, Cuiping Song, Xusheng Qiu, Weiwei Liu, Chan Ding, Yingjie Sun
Summary: DDX21 is identified as a key regulator of immune balance, with virus infection and RNA/DNA ligands leading to its cleavage and suppression of the interferon beta signaling pathway. Modulating DDX21 cleavage may impact the innate immune response to viruses.
Review
Immunology
K. Nakajo, H. Nishiura
Summary: A systematic review of seroprevalence studies on RSV found that the risk of infection was highest among those aged >5 years. Currently, there is no immunization campaign for RSV, making seroprevalence studies critical for assessing epidemiological dynamics.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Zifang Shang, Shuguang Tan, Dongli Ma
Summary: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a significant viral pathogen causing respiratory tract infections in infants, the elderly, and immunocompromised individuals globally. Over the past decade, there has been substantial progress in understanding the structure, function, and interactions of RSV components, as well as the host immune responses to infection. Researchers and pharmaceutical companies have shown widespread interest in searching for effective interventions for RSV infection, leading to the screening of promising monoclonal antibodies, inhibitors, and vaccine candidates.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Xizi Du, Lin Yuan, Ye Yao, Yu Yang, Kai Zhou, Xinyu Wu, Leyuan Wang, Ling Qin, Wenkai Li, Yang Xiang, Xiangping Qu, Huijun Liu, Xiaoqun Qin, Ming Yang, Chi Liu
Summary: In this study, the involvement of ITGB4 in RSV infection and its effect on airway epithelial anti-RSV responses were investigated. The results showed that ITGB4 expression decreased during RSV infection, and ITGB4 deficiency worsened RSV infection and increased sensitivity to allergens in later life. Furthermore, it was found that IFN-λ suppression during RSV infection in ITGB4 deficient airway epithelial cells was regulated by IRF-1 through the phosphorylation of EGFR.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Infectious Diseases
Paraskevi C. Fragkou, Charalampos D. Moschopoulos, Rieke Reiter, Thilo Berger, Chrysanthi Skevaki
Summary: This article summarizes the data on deregulated immune pathways associated with increased susceptibility to severe viral respiratory tract infections in certain populations. It highlights the compromised innate and adaptive immune responses, particularly in aging, obesity, and diabetes. The study also points out the role of chronic low-grade inflammation and the impact on T cells in these susceptible populations.
CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTION
(2022)
Article
Respiratory System
Annette Evans, Daniel Farewell, Joanne Demmler, Amrita Bandyopadhyay, Colin Victor Eric Powell, Shantini Paranjothy
Summary: The study suggests that children with inpatient asthma admissions are at higher risk of not attaining expected educational levels at age 6-7, while lower respiratory tract infection GP contacts are an independent predictor of poor educational outcomes. School absence may mediate the relationship between inpatient asthma admissions and educational attainment.
Review
Immunology
Ziheng Feng, Lili Xu, Zhengde Xie
Summary: This article reviews the receptors and host factors associated with RSV infection, finding that RSV can bind to multiple receptors and utilize various host factors for infection. The identification and understanding of these receptors and factors are crucial for gaining insight into the pathogenesis of RSV infection.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Shengwei Jin, Hui An, Tong Zhou, Ting Li, Mengzhen Xie, Saijing Chen, Chengshui Chen, Binyu Ying, Zhangye Xu, Xiaokun Li, Ming Li
Summary: The study revealed diverse clinical and immunological responses to COVID-19 infection based on sex and age categories. Female patients showed milder disease severity, negative associations with inflammatory responses, and liver damage. On the other hand, older patients exhibited compromised immune responses, negative associations with CD8(+) T cell count, but positive associations with inflammatory responses and liver damage.
Article
Respiratory System
Hans Bisgaard, Marianne Mikkelsen, Morten Arendt Rasmussen, Astrid Sevelsted, Ann-Marie Malby Schoos, Nicklas Brustad, Anders U. Eliasen, Jonathan Thorsen, Bo Chawes, Goezde Guerdeniz, Andreanne Morin, Ken Stark, Jakob Stokholm, Carole Ober, Casper Emil Tingskov Pedersen, Klaus Bonnelykke
Summary: Fish-oil supplementation during pregnancy reduces the risk of persistent wheeze or asthma in the child. It has protective effects on non-atopic asthma and infections, but the effects on atopic asthma depend on maternal genotype and n-3 LCPUFA levels.
Article
Allergy
Kathryn E. McCauley, Kaitlin Flynn, Agustin Calatroni, Vincent DiMassa, Brandon LaMere, Douglas W. Fadrosh, Kole Lynch, Michelle A. Gill, Jacqueline A. Pongracic, Gurjit K. Khurana Hershey, Carolyn M. Kercsmar, Andrew H. Liu, Christine C. Johnson, Haejin Kim, Meyer Kattan, George T. O'Connor, Leonard B. Bacharier, Stephen J. Teach, Peter J. Gergen, Lisa M. Wheatley, Alkis Togias, Petra LeBeau, Scott Presnell, Homer A. Boushey, William W. Busse, James E. Gern, Daniel J. Jackson, Matthew C. Altman, Susan Lynch
Summary: This study found that respiratory illnesses and asthma exacerbations are associated with seasonal variation in upper airway microbiota. Seasonally adjusted analysis revealed specific bacteria-host interactions that significantly increase the risk of asthma exacerbation in children.
JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Iole Macchia, Valentina La Sorsa, Francesca Urbani, Sonia Moretti, Caterina Antonucci, Claudia Afferni, Giovanna Schiavoni
Summary: Eosinophils are important in allergic asthma and parasitic infections, but they also participate in the immune response against respiratory viruses. In the context of COVID-19, eosinophils can serve as potential biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, and severity prediction. This review provides an overview of the role of eosinophils in various respiratory viral infections and discusses their utility as prognostic/predictive immune biomarkers in emerging respiratory viral diseases, particularly COVID-19.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Katrina A. Lythgoe, Matthew Hall, Luca Ferretti, Mariateresa de Cesare, George MacIntyre-Cockett, Amy Trebes, Monique Andersson, Newton Otecko, Emma L. Wise, Nathan Moore, Jessica Lynch, Stephen Kidd, Nicholas Cortes, Matilde Mori, Rebecca Williams, Gabrielle Vernet, Anita Justice, Angie Green, Samuel M. Nicholls, M. Azim Ansari, Lucie Abeler-Dorner, Catrin E. Moore, Timothy E. A. Peto, David W. Eyre, Robert Shaw, Peter Simmonds, David Buck, John A. Todd, Thomas R. Connor, Shirin Ashraf, Ana da Silva Filipe, James Shepherd, Emma C. Thomson, David Bonsall, Christophe Fraser, Tanya Golubchik
Summary: The study found that SARS-CoV-2 infections in clinical samples in the UK are characterized by low levels of within-host diversity and a narrow bottleneck at transmission. Most variants are either lost or occasionally fixed at the point of transmission, with shared diversity not persisting.
Article
Immunology
Julius Beer, Stefania Crotta, Angele Breithaupt, Annette Ohnemus, Jan Becker, Benedikt Sachs, Lisa Kern, Miriam Llorian, Nadine Ebert, Fabien Labroussaa, Tran Thi Nhu Thao, Bettina Salome Trueeb, Joerg Jores, Volker Thiel, Martin Beer, Jonas Fuchs, Georg Kochs, Andreas Wack, Martin Schwemmle, Daniel Schnepf
Summary: The study reveals that advanced age is correlated with severe COVID-19 due to impaired immune response, specifically the diminished IFN-gamma response and excessive virus replication. It suggests that immunotherapy combining IFN-gamma and IFN-lambda could benefit highly vulnerable individuals.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Nan Xiao, Meng Nie, Huanhuan Pang, Bohong Wang, Jieli Hu, Xiangjun Meng, Ke Li, Xiaorong Ran, Quanxin Long, Haijun Deng, Na Chen, Shao Li, Ni Tang, Ailong Huang, Zeping Hu
Summary: Metabolomic data and cytokine/chemokine profiling from stratified COVID-19 patients suggest a correlation between arginine, tryptophan, and purine metabolic pathways with hyperinflammation, potentially offering therapeutic targets for severe COVID-19 patients. Modulating metabolism can significantly impact the release of proinflammatory cytokines by peripheral blood mononuclear cells, indicating a potential strategy for treating fatal cytokine release syndrome in COVID-19.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Aaron T. Irving, Matae Ahn, Geraldine Goh, Danielle E. Anderson, Lin-Fa Wang
Summary: Recent outbreaks of emerging viral diseases have been linked to suspected zoonotic transmission of bat-borne viruses. Bats display unique biological characteristics shaped by millions of years of adaptive evolution. Understanding the mechanisms of immune tolerance in bats could help improve human health.