Article
Microbiology
Kirstin L. Brown, Kaley M. Wilburn, Christine R. Montague, Jason C. Grigg, Olalla Sanz, Esther Perez-Herran, David Barros, Lluis Ballell, Brian C. VanderVen, Lindsay D. Eltis
Summary: GSK286 acts as an agonist of Rv1625c, a membrane-bound adenylyl cyclase, to inhibit the growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and increase intracellular cAMP levels. However, the detailed mechanism of action of these compounds still needs to be elucidated.
ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Tuba Aydin, Benjamin A. Parris, Gizem Arabaci, Marina Kilintari, Jacqui Taylor
Summary: An increasing number of studies have found that symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are risk factors for technology addictions among young adults, particularly in terms of social media and smartphone addiction. Symptoms of inattention have a smaller impact on internet addiction. This study suggests that individuals with non-clinical, trait-level ADHD, especially those with more symptoms of inattention, are more susceptible to developing certain forms of technology addiction.
CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Toxicology
Satoru Aoki, Asuka Kaizaki-Mitsumoto, Natsumi Hattori, Satoshi Numazawa
Summary: This study investigated the effects of fetal exposure to methylphenidate on infant development and behavior in mice. The research found that this exposure might lead to ADHD-like phenotypes in offspring, which were alleviated by treatment with methylphenidate and atomoxetine. The study suggests that continuous use of methylphenidate during pregnancy could induce ADHD phenotypes in the offspring.
TOXICOLOGY LETTERS
(2021)
Review
Pediatrics
Shayan Sadr-Salek, Andreia P. Costa, Georges Steffgen
Summary: Treatment of different types of ADHD in children should be tailored separately. Treatments focused on hyperactivity/impulsivity, such as psychoeducation and training for parents, school-based interventions, reinforcement strategies, and neurofeedback, showed consistent small to moderate effects. Emotional self-regulation, social skills, and cognitive trainings had unsatisfactory results. Combining different interventions into a multimodal treatment program can surpass the quality of usual care.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Javier C. Vazquez, Ona Martin de la Torre, Judit Lopez Palome, Diego Redolar-Ripoll
Summary: Research has shown that caffeine treatment can increase attention and improve learning, memory, and olfactory discrimination without affecting blood pressure and body weight. However, the role of caffeine in modulating ADHD-like symptoms is contradictory, requiring further clarification.
Article
Neurosciences
Yu Luo, Jack H. Adamek, Deana Crocetti, Stewart H. Mostofsky, Joshua B. Ewen
Summary: The study found that task-related alpha interhemispheric connectivity changes during a unimanual finger-tapping task are correlated with severity of inattentive symptoms, but not with severity of hyperactive/impulsive symptoms. This neurobiological dissociation in ADHD symptom severity has implications for understanding the structure of endophenotypes in the disorder and for biomarker development.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Isabel Morales-Munoz, E. Juulia Paavonen, Katri Kantojarvi, Tommi Harkanen, Outi Saarenpaa-Heikkila, Anneli Kylliainen, Sari-Leena Himanen, Tiina Paunio
Summary: This study examines the associations between polygenic risk score (PRS) for attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and ADHD symptoms in 5-year-old children, sleep duration throughout childhood, and the interaction between PRS for ADHD and short sleep duration relative to ADHD symptoms at 5 years. The results suggest that PRS for ADHD is associated with ADHD symptoms, and parent-reported short sleep moderates the association between genetic risk of ADHD and ADHD symptoms.
Review
Psychology, Developmental
Lisa B. Thorell, Jonas Buren, Johanna Strom Wiman, David Sandberg, Sissela B. Nutley
Summary: This review aimed to systematically review studies on the associations between digital media (gaming and social media) and later ADHD symptoms over the past 10 years. The results showed reciprocal associations between digital media and ADHD symptoms, particularly for problematic use of digital media. However, further research is needed to investigate potential moderators and mediators of this association.
EUROPEAN CHILD & ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Dong Yang, Xiangbo Wu, Weina Wang, Yanfen Zhou, Zhenshan Wang
Summary: This study found that ciliary AC3 regulates body weight in the mouse VMH by modulating autophagy, and knocking down AC3 or GABARAP leads to exacerbated HFD-induced obesity.
Article
Psychiatry
Olivia J. Mellahn, Rachael Knott, Jeggan Tiego, Kathryn Kallady, Katrina Williams, Mark A. Bellgrove, Beth P. Johnson
Summary: The study revealed differences in symptom profiles and medication use reported by parents of children with ADHD, autism, and ADHD + autism, suggesting a greater complexity of symptoms and management needs in the ADHD + autism group.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHIATRY
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Emil Jakobsen, Jens V. Andersen, Sofie K. Christensen, Olga Siamka, Martin R. Larsen, Helle S. Waagepetersen, Blanca I. Aldana, Lasse K. Bak
Summary: Pharmacologically induced inhibition of sAC activity lowers mitochondrial respiration, induces phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and decreases glycogen stores in cultured primary murine astrocytes. Mitochondrial sAC emerges as a key regulator of astrocyte bioenergetics, despite challenges in investigating the roles of cytosolic versus mitochondrial sAC in astrocytes using current pharmacological tools.
Article
Psychology, Developmental
Zeping Zhang, Xiaolong Chang, Weijing Zhang, Suyong Yang, Guangsheng Zhao
Summary: This study aims to systematically review and meta-analyze the effect of MBIs (Mindfulness, Tai Chi, Yoga, and Qigong) on symptoms and executive function in ADHD. Randomized controlled trials on the effects of MBIs on symptoms and executive function in ADHD were collected from multiple databases. The pooled meta-analyses showed a positive and small effect of MBIs on inattention, hyperactivity/impulsivity, and executive function. The results suggest that MBIs have a significant improvement compared to the control condition.
JOURNAL OF ATTENTION DISORDERS
(2023)
Article
Pediatrics
Alessandro Frolli, Francesco Cerciello, Clara Esposito, Maria Carla Ricci, Rossana Pia Laccone, Fabio Bisogni
Summary: Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a psychiatric condition characterized by developmentally inappropriate levels of inattention, hyperactivity, or impulsivity. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to prevent long-term persistence of symptoms and the development of comorbid conditions. Learning difficulties, motor impairment, anxiety, or depressive disorders may occur in individuals with ADHD.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Barbara Csibra, Nora Bunford, Marta Gacsi
Summary: This study aims to assess whether dogs can exhibit ADHD-like behaviors and verify the reliability of the questionnaire used to evaluate these behaviors. The results showed that the questionnaire is a reliable tool to assess ADHD-like behavior in dogs. However, further evaluation using expert ratings and assessment of functional impairment in daily life is necessary to determine whether individual dogs can be diagnosed with ADHD.
Article
Neurosciences
Huey-Ling Chiang, Li-Kuang Yang, Yu-Jen Chen, Yung-Chin Hsu, Yu-Chun Lo, Wen-Yih Issac Tseng, Susan Shur-Fen Gau
Summary: This study found altered microstructural properties in white-matter tracts of adults with ADHD, mainly located within attention networks, fronto-striato-thalamocortical regions, and regions associated with attention and visual perception.
Editorial Material
Cell Biology
Barbara Juarez, Larry S. Zweifel
Summary: The medium spiny neurons in the NAc region regulate the activity of ventral mesencephalic dopamine neurons to drive reward or aversion through direct or indirect projections.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Dipak A. Kadam, Saurabh D. Kalamkar, Amit Saraf, Imran Pathan, Jhankar Acharya, Komal Pekhale, Yogesh Shouche, Kavita Lole, Saroj Ghaskadbi, Richa Ashma
Summary: This study found a decrease in catalase activity in diabetic individuals and analyzed the SNPs in the catalase promoter region. The results showed that one SNP was associated with low catalase activity, but the presence of these SNPs did not significantly affect the transcriptional activity of the gene, as confirmed by reporter assay. This novel finding suggests that promoter SNPs may not have functional relevance in the reduced catalase activity observed in Indian diabetic individuals.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DIABETES IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Marta E. Soden, Joshua X. Yee, Beatriz Cuevas, Ariana Rastani, Jordan Elum, Larry S. Zweifel
Summary: Neuropeptides play an important role in modulating mesolimbic system function. The bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) is identified as a major source of the neuropeptides neurotensin (NTS), corticotrophin releasing factor (CRF), and neurokinin B (NkB) in the ventral tegmental area (VTA). Analysis of calcium dynamics reveals both common and distinct activation patterns of these neuropeptide inputs during appetitive and aversive conditioning in the VTA.
FRONTIERS IN NEURAL CIRCUITS
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Nicolette A. Moya, Seongsik Yun, Stefan W. Fleps, Madison M. Martin, Jacob A. Nadel, Lisa R. Beutler, Larry S. Zweifel, Jones G. Parker
Summary: This study investigates whether excess dopamine release in the dorsal striatum (DS) is involved in cognitive and negative symptoms. The results suggest that excess DS dopamine release causes behavioral deficits linked to negative and cognitive symptoms.
NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biology
Georgia Balsevich, Gavin N. Petrie, Daniel E. Heinz, Arashdeep Singh, Robert J. Aukema, Avery C. Hunker, Haley A. Vecchiarelli, Hiulan Yau, Martin Sticht, Roger J. Thompson, Francis S. Lee, Larry S. Zweifel, Prasanth K. Chelikani, Nils C. Gassen, Matthew N. Hill
Summary: A study found that the impact of FAAH C385A on metabolic outcomes is influenced by the environmental context. This genotype amplifies orexigenic responses and decreases anorexigenic responses, providing a potential explanation for the conflicting findings in previous human studies.
Article
Biology
Marcella M. Cline, Barbara Juarez, Avery Hunker, Ernesto G. Regiarto, Bryan Hariadi, Marta E. Soden, Larry S. Zweifel
Summary: The axonal guidance cue netrin-1 plays a critical role in neural circuit development by promoting growth cone motility, axonal branching, and synaptogenesis. This study found that Ntn1 function is important for maintaining excitatory connectivity in both GABAergic and dopaminergic neurons in the adult midbrain. The balance in this connectivity between these two cell types is crucial for the proper functioning of the mesolimbic system.
Article
Neurosciences
Yanjun Sun, Larry S. Zweifel, Todd C. Holmes, Xiangmin Xu
Summary: This study used viral-genetic tracing and functional circuit mapping to determine detailed synaptic circuit inputs to the lateral and medial subregions of the anterior portion of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis in mice. The amygdalar complex, hypothalamus, and hippocampal formation were found to be the major sources of inputs to this region, with distinct patterns of inputs between the lateral and medial subregions. These findings provide new insight into the functional operations of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis circuitry for stress and anxiety-related behaviors.
NEUROBIOLOGY OF STRESS
(2023)
Article
Orthopedics
Amit Saraf, Altaf Hussain, Sandeep Bishnoi, Hamza Habib, Abhishek Garg
Summary: This study evaluated and compared the clinical efficacy and effect on specific serum biomarker of growth factor concentrate (GFC) for knee osteoarthritis (KOA). The results showed that GFC had significant clinical improvement and significantly reduced the serum levels of the cartilage degradation biomarker coll2-1.
JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDICS
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ying-Jie Peng, Jayasri Nanduri, Ning Wang, Ganesh K. K. Kumar, Vytautas Bindokas, Bindu D. D. Paul, Xuanmao Chen, Aaron P. P. Fox, Thibaut Vignane, Milos R. R. Filipovic, Nanduri R. R. Prabhakar
Summary: This study shows that hydrogen sulfide (H2S) signaling plays a role in the activation of the carotid body during low oxygen conditions. The persulfidation of olfactory receptor 78 (Olfr78) by H2S is found to be essential for this activation. Mutations in Olfr78, adenylate cyclase 3 (Adcy3), or cyclic nucleotide-gated channel alpha 2 (Cnga2) impair the carotid body and glomus cell responses to H2S and hypoxia.
Meeting Abstract
Neurosciences
Rhiana Simon, Joshua Yee, Koichi Hashikawa, Garret Stuber, Larry Zweifel, Marta Soden
NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Meeting Abstract
Neurosciences
Larry Zweifel, Jordan Elum, Barbara Juarez, Grigory Loginov, Scott Ng-Evans, Sam Golden
NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Meeting Abstract
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
J. Van den Eyndel, M. Possner, F. Alahdab, G. Veldtman, B. Goldstein, R. Rathod, A. Hoskoppal, A. Saraf, B. Feingold, T. Alsaied
EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Jian Qiu, Martha A. Bosch, Todd L. Stincic, Avery C. Hunker, Larry S. Zweifel, Oline K. Ronnekleiv, Martin J. Kelly
Summary: This study reveals the critical role of STIM1 in modulating glutamatergic activation of TRPC 5 channels in POMC neurons, which is essential for maintaining energy balance.
MOLECULAR METABOLISM
(2022)
Meeting Abstract
Neurosciences
Kasey Girven, Katherine Motovilov, Elena Judd, Azra Suko, Luis De Lecea, Richard Palmiter, Larry Zweifel, Michael Bruchas
NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Meeting Abstract
Neurosciences
Barbara Juarez, Derek Ban, Abi Elerding, Mary Loveless, Larry Zweifel
NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY
(2022)