Article
Neurosciences
Xiyuan Chen, Tianming Yang
Summary: The basal ganglia play a crucial role in decision making, with neurons reflecting the evidence accumulation process. A neural network model was created to study how the direct and indirect pathways of the basal ganglia interact in decision making, revealing their distinct influences on choices and reaction times.
COGNITIVE NEURODYNAMICS
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Andrea Roeser, Vikram Gadagkar, Anindita Das, Pavel A. Puzerey, Brian Kardon, Jesse H. Goldberg
Summary: This study investigates how dopamine signals change in response to different priorities and opportunities in the environment. The findings suggest that the dopamine system can dynamically adjust its signals to accommodate different reward settings based on the current priority. This flexibility allows the brain to prioritize and adapt to varying needs and motivations.
Article
Neurosciences
Catherine Manning, Cameron D. Hassall, Laurence T. Hunt, Anthony M. Norcia, Eric-Jan Wagenmakers, Margaret J. Snowling, Gaia Scerif, Nathan J. Evans
Summary: Children with dyslexia exhibit reduced evidence accumulation and neural correlates in visual motion processing tasks, suggesting atypical perceptual decision-making processes in dyslexia.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Adam Gordon-Fennell, Garret D. Stuber
Summary: Studies have revealed generalizable findings across molecularly defined cell types in areas of the basal forebrain and anterior hypothalamus. Optogenetic stimulation of GABAergic neurons in these brain regions drives reward, while optogenetic stimulation of glutamatergic neurons in these regions drives aversion.
Article
Neurosciences
Kenneth A. Amaya, Kyle S. Smith
Summary: The findings suggest that ChIs in the DLS play a crucial role in behavioral flexibility and exploration.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Biology
Allison E. Hamilos, Giulia Spedicato, Ye Hong, Fangmiao Sun, Yulong Li, John A. Assad
Summary: The study revealed that dopamine signals play a crucial role in the timing of reward-related movements in animals, with the signals gradually increasing over time to predict movement/reward timing. The dynamics of dopamine signals can modulate the probability of movement initiation, providing important insights into the decision of when to move.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Bernard Bloem, Rafiq Huda, Ken-ichi Amemori, Alex S. Abate, Gayathri Krishna, Anna L. Wilson, Cody W. Carter, Mriganka Sur, Ann M. Graybiel
Summary: The striatal neurons can encode associations between actions and multiple rewarding and aversive outcomes. Striosomal neurons are particularly important in action-outcome learning.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Seong-Hwan Hwang, Yongsoo Ra, Somang Paeng, Hyoung F. Kim
Summary: A habitual gaze is crucial for efficiently identifying and exploiting valuable objects. Motivational salience plays a significant role in guiding habitual gaze choices, particularly the preference for negatively valued objects. These habitual choices can facilitate re-learning in a simulated value-forgotten condition.
Article
Neurosciences
Tom Gilbertson, Douglas Steele
Summary: Optimal decision-making in uncertain circumstances requires flexible behavior, with switches between exploratory and exploitative decisions mediated by the interaction between tonic dopamine and cortical input to the basal ganglia. The model shows that fluctuating levels of tonic dopamine under conditions of uncertainty can lead to either exploration of multiple alternatives or exploitation of high-value choices.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Nir Ofir, Ayelet N. Landau
Summary: This study investigates the cognitive processes underlying temporal decisions using a combination of behavior, EEG, and modeling. The neural responses of participants were measured during a temporal bisection task, and a drift-diffusion model was used to relate these responses to the underlying cognitive processes. The study found that EEG responses at the offset of stimulus presentation marked the distance of the accumulator from the decision threshold.
Article
Neurosciences
Junichi Yoshida, Maritza Onate, Leila Khatami, Jorge Vera, Farzan Nadim, Kamran Khodakhah
Summary: The cerebellum and basal ganglia are connected through direct pathways, influencing motor coordination and dopamine release, and impacting motor deficits and addictive behavior.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Asma Motiwala, Sofia Soares, Bassam Atallah, Joseph J. Paton, Christian K. Machens
Summary: Reward expectations based on internal knowledge are important for adaptive behavior, but internal knowledge may be inaccurate. This study found that specific highly compressed internal representations can reproduce both choice behavior and dopaminergic activity during time-based decision-making in mice. These findings demonstrate how representational efficiency constraints are expressed in reward-based computations.
NATURE NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Sinem Balta Beylergil, Mikkel Petersen, Palak Gupta, Mohamed Elkasaby, Camilla Kilbane, Aasef G. Shaikh
Summary: The study found that Parkinson's disease affects motion perception in both the visual and vestibular domains, with a more severe impact on vestibular perception compared to visual perception, depending on the severity of the disease.
MOVEMENT DISORDERS
(2021)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Seth Herd, Kai Krueger, Ananta Nair, Jessica Mollick, Randall O'Reilly
Summary: This study presents a theory and neural network model of the neural mechanisms underlying human decision-making, detailing the interaction between brain regions under a proposer-predictor-actor-critic framework. By operating sequentially and hierarchically, the same mechanisms previously proposed for animal action-selection could explain the most complex human plans and decisions, including model-based decisions, habitization, and risky behavior.
COGNITIVE AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Review
Physiology
Utkarsha A. Singh, Soumya Iyengar
Summary: The opioid system in the brain plays a crucial role in processing affective states and recent studies suggest its involvement in learning. However, the role of opioid receptors in natural learning processes is still unexplored.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)