Journal
CURRENT MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY
Volume 19, Issue 4, Pages 544-556Publisher
BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBL LTD
DOI: 10.2174/092986712798918824
Keywords
G-protein Coupled Receptors; Homology Modeling; Virtual Screening; Model-Building; Critical Assessment of Structure Prediction; Docking; Structure-Based Drug Design; Activation Mechanism; Conserved Motifs; Mutagenesis
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The G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are membrane proteins that transmit signals via G-protein coupling. They have long been the target of small molecule therapeutics accounting for 30% of the launched drug targets. They are subdivided into several classes, with rhodopsins corresponding to the largest class. Furthermore, a high number of new rhodopsin-like GPCR proteins are included in the druggable genome, thus they are projected to continue being of value to the pharmaceutical and biotechnology sectors. We present a comprehensive review of the structural information pertaining to GPCRs, in light of the most recently deposited crystal structures, along with comparisons of the available to-date structures at different activation states. Finally, computational approaches to GPCR modeling are discussed in conjunction with critical perspectives regarding feasibility and limitations.
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