Review
Oncology
Jianhui Yang, Omar Aljitawi, Peter Van Veldhuizen
Summary: This review summarizes the recent research progress on the role of CD133 in prostate cancer stem cells (PCSC), including its selective expression in undifferentiated cells, its correlation to treatment resistance, its gene regulation and functional analysis, and its targeted therapy in vitro, in vivo, and in clinical trials.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Belen Toledo, Aitor Gonzalez-Titos, Pablo Hernandez-Camarero, Macarena Peran
Summary: The acquisition of resistance to chemotherapy and the chemoresistant metastatic relapse of minimal residual disease have a significant impact on cancer treatment failure and poor prognosis. Understanding how cancer cells become resistant to chemotherapy-induced cell death is crucial for improving patient survival rate. This article provides a brief overview of the technical approach used to obtain chemoresistant cell lines and focuses on the main defense mechanisms employed by tumor cells against common chemotherapy triggers. It also discusses the role of cancer stem cells (CSCs) in increasing drug resistance and reviews the latest strategies for decreasing CSCs. However, long-term therapies to effectively manage and control CSC populations in tumors are still needed.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Cheng Yang, Shiming Pu, Huan Zhu, Wanying Qin, Hongxia Zhao, Ziqi Guo, Zuping Zhou
Summary: Neural stem cells play an important role in maintaining the nervous system and repairing damages, offering a potential solution for treating neurodegenerative diseases. This study identified a rare population of neural stem cells in the aging mouse brain, finding that their function and cell number decrease with aging.
MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Polymer Science
Rakshita Grover, Sahil Drall, Neelam Poonia, Gaurav Kumar Jain, Geeta Aggarwal, Viney Lather, Prashant Kesharwani, Deepti Pandita, Ramesh K. Goyal
Summary: Cancer stem cells (CSCs) contribute to tumor onset, progression, chemotherapy resistance, and relapse. CD44 and CD133 are commonly expressed markers used to identify aggressive CSCs. Targeting these markers with aptamers conjugated nanocarriers can overcome the limitations of antibodies and has proven to be beneficial in targeting CSCs. This article reviews the recent advancements in aptamers and their conjugation with nanocarriers for specific targeting of CSCs and improved cancer therapy efficacy.
EUROPEAN POLYMER JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Cell & Tissue Engineering
Yu Lu, Xiaobo Zhang
Summary: This study demonstrates that gastric cancer cells can acquire stemness traits through the EID3-NAMPT-Wnt/beta-catenin axis in response to radiochemotherapy. Targeting EID3 along with radiochemotherapy might represent a potential strategy to sensitize CSCs to radiochemotherapy and enhance the anti-tumor effects of conventional treatments.
STEM CELL RESEARCH & THERAPY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Shambhavi Pandey, Myungchul Lee, Jaewoon Lim, Sangbae Park, Yun-Hoon Choung, Jae Eun Kim, Pankaj Garg, Jong Hoon Chung
Summary: In this study, a therapy targeting cancer stem cells and non-stem cells in glioblastoma was developed by using CRISPR/Cas9 and siRNA to suppress key signaling pathways. The combined treatment effectively inhibited tumor growth and metastasis.
JOURNAL OF CONTROLLED RELEASE
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Shenghui Qin, Xiaoyuan He, Houmin Lin, Bradley A. Schulte, Mingfeng Zhao, Kenneth D. Tew, Gavin Y. Wang
Summary: The study reveals that radiation can activate Nrf2 signaling, which counteracts the killing effect of radiation on cancer stem cells. Inhibiting the activation of Nrf2 can enhance the killing effect of radiation on therapy-resistant cancer stem cells.
FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Ying Wu, Zhe Wang, Lu Han, Zhihao Guo, Bohua Yan, Lili Guo, Huadong Zhao, Mengying Wei, Niuniu Hou, Jing Ye, Zhe Wang, Changhong Shi, Suling Liu, Ceshi Chen, Suning Chen, Ting Wang, Jun Yi, JianPing Zhou, Libo Yao, Wenxia Zhou, Rui Ling, Jian Zhang
Summary: Cancer cells regulate their response to the chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin through RNA m6A modification. They do this by inhibiting RNA m6A modification through PRMT5 and enhancing the nuclear translocation of the demethylase ALKBH5. This leads to increased DNA repair ability and decreased efficacy of doxorubicin. The approved drug tadalafil was identified as a PRMT5 inhibitor that could enhance doxorubicin sensitivity in breast cancer cells by decreasing RNA m6A methylation.
Article
Cell Biology
Xiaoying Ma, Jingyun Chen, Jiajun Liu, Baixue Xu, Xinyu Liang, Xiaotong Yang, Yun Feng, Xin Liang, Jianwen Liu
Summary: In cancer treatment, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) exhibit tropism towards colon cancer stem cells (CCSCs), particularly CD133(+)/CD44(+) cells. When recruited by CCSCs, BMSCs transform into cancer-associated fibroblasts and secrete more IL-8, resulting in increased stemness of CCSCs. Targeting the IL-8/CXCR2 pathway in BMSCs could potentially improve therapy targeting CCSCs.
JOURNAL OF CELLULAR PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Massimo Moro, Orazio Fortunato, Giulia Bertolini, Mavis Mensah, Cristina Borzi, Giovanni Centonze, Francesca Andriani, Daniela Di Paolo, Patrizia Perri, Mirco Ponzoni, Ugo Pastorino, Gabriella Sozzi, Mattia Boeri
Summary: Despite improvements in therapies and screening strategies, lung cancer prognosis remains poor, especially for patients with metastatic tumors. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a major cause of the low survival rate, and microRNA miR-486-5p has been identified as a potential therapeutic target for lung cancer.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Huafu Li, Chunming Wang, Linxiang Lan, Leping Yan, Wuguo Li, Ian Evans, E. Josue Ruiz, Qiao Su, Guangying Zhao, Wenhui Wu, Haiyong Zhang, Zhijun Zhou, Zhenran Hu, Wei Chen, Joaquim M. Oliveira, Axel Behrens, Rui L. Reis, Changhua Zhang
Summary: In this study, the researchers investigated the mechanism of oxaliplatin resistance in gastric cancer using in vitro human gastric cancer organoids and oxaliplatin-resistant cell lines, as well as in vivo tumorigenicity experiments. They found that CD133+ stem cell-like cells are the main subpopulation associated with resistance, and that the gene PARP1 plays a central role in mediating this resistance. The researchers discovered that PARP1 can effectively repair DNA damage caused by oxaliplatin by activating the base excision repair pathway, leading to the development of drug resistance. They also found that CD133+ cells exhibit increased expression of the mRNA modification N6-methyladenosine (m6A) and its writer METTL3, which enhances the stability of PARP1 and contributes to its DNA damage repair ability. Overall, this study demonstrates that m6A methyltransferase METTL3 promotes oxaliplatin resistance in CD133+ gastric cancer stem cells by increasing PARP1 mRNA stability and base excision repair activity.
CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR LIFE SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Kuan Hu, Xiaohui Ma, Lin Xie, Yiding Zhang, Masayuki Hanyu, Honoka Obata, Lulu Zhang, Kotaro Nagatsu, Hisashi Suzuki, Rui Shi, Weizhi Wang, Ming-Rong Zhang
Summary: The development of a novel PET tracer [Cu-64]CM-2 for mapping CD133 protein in various cancers demonstrates specific binding to CD133-positive CSCs in preclinical tumor models, making it a state-of-the-art tool for tracking CD133 dynamics and CSCs in refractory cancers.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Subarno Paul, Saptarshi Sinha, Chanakya Nath Kundu
Summary: This article discusses the effects of PARPi on CSCs and therapeutic strategies targeting CSCs, as well as the role of PARPi in overcoming stem cell chemoresistance and epigenetic modifications.
PHARMACOLOGICAL RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Pengcheng Cai, Xiaoyu Mao, Jieqiong Zhao, Li Nie, Yan Jiang, Qifen Yang, Rui Ni, Jianbo He, Lingfei Luo
Summary: This study found that FXR regulates BPPC-to-hepatocyte and BPPC-to-BEC redifferentiations through ERK1 and Notch, respectively. FXR agonists are being used in clinical trials for liver diseases, and this study proposes potential underlying mechanisms by characterizing the roles of FXR in the stimulation of dedifferentiation-redifferentiation transition and BPPC redifferentiation.
Article
Oncology
Jiuping Gao, Ting Yang, Xu Wang, Yi Zhang, Jing Wang, Beilei Zhang, Dihong Tang, Yanqiong Liu, Ting Gao, Qiuhui Lin, Jun Tang, Jingting Cai
Summary: The study found that CD133 may be a significant marker for cancer stem-like cells in ULMS and could be a potential therapeutic target.
CANCER CELL INTERNATIONAL
(2021)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Donatella Vecchio, Guido Frosina
CURRENT DRUG TARGETS
(2016)
Article
Oncology
Richard E. Kast, Nicolas Skuli, Georg Karpel-Massler, Guido Frosina, Timothy Ryken, Marc-Eric Halatsch
Article
Oncology
Guido Frosina, Aldo Profumo, Daniela Marubbi, Diana Marcello, Jean Louis Ravetti, Antonio Daga
RADIATION ONCOLOGY
(2018)
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
Sebastiano La Maestra, Guido Frosina, Rosanna T. Micale, Chiara D'Oria, Silvano Garibaldi, Antonio Daga, Alessandra Pulliero, Alberto Izzotti
DRUG DELIVERY AND TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH
(2018)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Guido Frosina, Jean Louis Ravetti, Renzo Corvo, Mauro Fella, Maria Luisa Garre, Fabrizio Levrero, Diana Marcello, Daniela Marubbi, Giovanni Morana, Michele Mussap, Carlo Emanuele Neumaier, Aldo Profumo, Alessandro Raso, Francesca Rosa, Stefano Vagge, Donatella Vecchio, Antonio Verrico, Gianluigi Zona, Antonio Daga
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2018)
Correction
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Guido Frosina, Jean Louis Ravetti, Renzo Corvo, Mauro Fella, Maria Luisa Garre, Fabrizio Levrero, Diana Marcello, Daniela Marubbi, Giovanni Morana, Michele Mussap, Carlo Emanuele Neumaier, Aldo Profumo, Alessandro Raso, Francesca Rosa, Stefano Vagge, Donatella Vecchio, Antonio Verrico, Gianluigi Zona, Antonio Daga
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2019)
Article
Oncology
Guido Frosina, Daniela Marubbi, Diana Marcello, Antonio Daga
RADIATION ONCOLOGY
(2019)
Review
Oncology
Guido Frosina, Daniela Marubbi, Diana Marcello, Donatella Vecchio, Antonio Daga
CRITICAL REVIEWS IN ONCOLOGY HEMATOLOGY
(2019)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Guido Frosina
Summary: This review article discusses the recent advances in radiotherapy for high-grade gliomas during the first half of 2021, highlighting the intensive research being conducted in this field to improve the effectiveness of radiation treatment for these tumors.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Guido Frosina, Vincenzo Fontana, Daniela Verzola, Alessandra Rosa, Gabriele Gaggero, Giacomo Garibotto, Stefano Vagge, Simona Pigozzi, Antonio Daga
Summary: The study aimed to develop radiotherapeutic schedules to improve overall survival of animal models of HGG, and found that low radiation doses may enhance the effectiveness of radiotherapy and overall animal survival.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE RESEARCH
(2021)
Review
Neurosciences
Guido Frosina
Summary: Current standard radiotherapeutic schedule for high-grade glioma has limited effectiveness, while splitting the total dose into smaller fractions can enhance the therapeutic effect. Results from animal studies may have potential applications in clinical practice.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE RESEARCH
(2022)
Review
Oncology
Guido Frosina
Summary: This review article discusses the recent advances in radiotherapy for high-grade gliomas published in the second half of 2021. While significant progress has been made in the preclinical studies on radioresistance and radiosensitization mechanisms of high-grade gliomas, there has been a lack of early-phase clinical trials with positive results to justify progressing to phase III. During the 6-month period reviewed, no studies were published that would lead to changes in clinical practice, and the overall survival rate of patients remained similar to that of 2005. In-depth analysis is needed to determine the effectiveness of research efforts, including in the radiotherapeutic field, and to identify potential limitations in public research policies and the pharmaceutical industry's interest in rare cancers.
STRAHLENTHERAPIE UND ONKOLOGIE
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Guido Frosina
Summary: High-grade gliomas (World Health Organization grades III and IV) are the most common and deadly brain tumors, with median overall survivals of 24-72 and 14-16 months, respectively. A review of the progress in the diagnosis and prognosis of high-grade gliomas in the second half of 2021 highlighted advancements in both imaging and non-imaging diagnoses. Prognostic capacity also improved during this period. The findings suggest a higher chance of accurately diagnosing high-grade gliomas without invasive procedures, which strongly influences patient prognosis with varying survival rates.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Richard E. Kast, Nicolas Skuli, Iacopo Sardi, Felix Capanni, Martin Hessling, Guido Frosina, Anton P. Kast, Georg Karpel-Massler, Marc-Eric Halatsch
Meeting Abstract
Medicine, General & Internal
G. Frosina, J. L. Ravetti, R. Corvo, M. Fella, F. Levrero, D. Marcello, D. Marubbi, M. Mussap, C. E. Neumaier, A. Profumo, F. Rosa, S. Vagge, D. Vecchio, A. Daga
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION
(2017)
