Article
Peripheral Vascular Disease
Sean D. Stocker
Summary: This study found that a high salt diet activates NaCl-responsive neurons in the OVLT and leads to salt-sensitive hypertension. Inhibiting the activity of OVLT neurons can decrease sympathetic nerve activity and blood pressure in salt-sensitive hypertensive rats.
Article
Physiology
Andre L. Teixeira, Jordan B. B. Lee, Massimo Nardone, Jamie F. F. Burr, Philip J. J. Millar
Summary: The sympathetic nervous system plays a crucial role in cardiovascular regulation, particularly in response to acute stress. The relationship between renal and leg vasoconstriction at rest or during sympathetic stressors is not yet known. This study aimed to investigate the relationships between muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA), leg vascular conductance (LVC), and renal vascular conductance (RVC) in young healthy adults, both at rest and during laboratory-based stressors. The findings revealed differential control of regional sympathetic vasoconstriction at rest and during stress in young healthy humans.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
M. Meusel, J. Voss, A. Krapalis, F. Machleidt, R. Vonthein, M. Hallschmid, F. Sayk
Summary: This study investigated the effects of intranasal administration of orexin A on vascular sympathetic baroreflex function in healthy humans. The results showed that intranasal orexin A increased sympathetic activity without affecting blood pressure, heart rate, or sympathovagal balance.
JOURNAL OF NEUROPHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Ana Luiza C. Sayegh, Jui-Lin Fan, Mathew Dawes, Julian F. R. Paton, James P. Fisher
Summary: The study found that central respiratory and sympathetic chemoreflex sensitivities are increased in hypertensive patients, suggesting that these reflexes may play a role in the development of hypertension.
JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Gregory D. Rankin, Mikael Kabele, Rachael Brown, Vaughan G. Macefield, Thomas Sandstrom, Jenny A. Bosson
Summary: Our study provides direct evidence of the rapid modulation of the autonomic nervous system after exposure to DE, with an increase in MSNA. The quick increase in sympathetic outflow may explain the strong epidemiological data associating traffic-related particulate matter to acute adverse cardiovascular events such as myocardial infarction.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION
(2021)
Article
Physiology
Takuto Hamaoka, Urs A. Leuenberger, Cheryl Blaha, Jonathan Carter Luck, Lawrence I. Sinoway, Jian Cui
Summary: The venous distension reflex (VDR) is a pressor response evoked by peripheral venous distension and is accompanied by increased muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA). This study investigated the effects of VDR on baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) and found that VDR increased sympathetic BRS and decreased cardiovagal BRS. These changes in baroreflex function contribute to the modulation of MSNA and BP during limb venous distension.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-REGULATORY INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Peripheral Vascular Disease
Ailsa F. Ralph, Celine Grenier, Hannah M. Costello, Kevin Stewart, Jessica R. Ivy, Neeraj Dhaun, Matthew A. Bailey
Summary: High salt intake leads to hypertension, affecting renal and vascular function in C57BL6/J mice, with a rapid increase in blood pressure observed in male mice within 4 days of dietary switch. The high-salt diet also increases renal artery sensitivity and urinary excretion of adrenaline in these mice.
Review
Neurosciences
Yan-Wei Li, Wei Li, Song-Tao Wang, Yi-Nan Gong, Bao-Min Dou, Zhong-Xi Lyu, Luis Ulloa, Shen-Jun Wang, Zhi-Fang Xu, Yi Guo
Summary: This review examines the effects of acupuncture on the regulation and maintenance of the autonomic nervous system (ANS). It found that acupuncture effectively alleviates symptoms associated with ANS dysfunction, such as migraine, depression, insomnia, functional dyspepsia, and functional constipation. Acupuncture activates sensory nerve fibers, the spinal cord, and the brain, which in turn modulate autonomic functions and relieve visceral dysfunction, inflammation, and pain through efferent autonomic nerves.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Dashuang Gao, Xu Gao, Fan Yang, Qingwen Wang
Summary: Recent studies have shown that immunological disease progression is closely connected to abnormal CNS function. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic immune disease that causes inflammation and synovitis, with unknown causes. Aside from joint damage, RA has been linked to neuropsychiatric comorbidities like depression, schizophrenia, and anxiety, increasing the risk of neurodegenerative diseases. Immune cells and their secreted factors stimulate the peripheral and central nervous systems involved in innate and adaptive immunity. Understanding autoimmune diseases has provided insights into the molecular mechanisms of neuroimmune interaction.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Guido Grassi, Giuseppe Mancia, Murray Esler
Summary: The overdrive of the sympathetic nervous system in heart failure has been reported for over half a century. Recent advancements in methodological approaches have provided a better understanding of various aspects of neuroadrenergic alterations, including regional differences, the role of the central nervous system, and the involvement of reflex mechanisms. Additionally, the impact of sympathetic activation on cardiovascular organs and potential therapeutic interventions have been highlighted.
CARDIOVASCULAR RESEARCH
(2022)
Review
Neurosciences
Jodie L. Koep, Chloe E. Taylor, Jeff S. Coombes, Bert Bond, Philip N. Ainslie, Tom G. Bailey
Summary: Understanding the autonomic control of cerebral blood flow involves complex interactions between sympathetic and parasympathetic responses, with regional specificity in adrenergic receptor distribution. The closed nature of cerebral vasculature and differential adrenergic receptor subtypes support the distinct differences between cerebral and peripheral circulation. Compensatory chemo- and autoregulatory responses play a key role in ensuring adequate perfusion of oxygen and nutrients to the brain, while maintaining blood volume and intracranial pressure.
JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Shinji Tanaka, Chikara Abe, Stephen B. G. Abbott, Shuqiu Zheng, Yusuke Yamaoka, Jonathan E. Lipsey, Nataliya Skrypnyk, Junlan Yao, Tsuyoshi Inoue, William T. Nash, Daniel S. Stornetta, Diane L. Rosin, Ruth L. Stornetta, Patrice G. Guyenet, Mark D. Okusa
Summary: The study found that VNS can protect the kidneys from ischemia-reperfusion injury by stimulating vagus nerve fibers and identified the related neural circuits; this is crucial for the clinical application of VNS for protection from acute kidney injury.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Article
Physiology
Josef Zicha, Lenka Rezacova, Ivana Vaneckova
Summary: Our study aimed to evaluate the effects of NOS II inhibitors on blood pressure and its components under high salt intake conditions, as well as the effects of these inhibitors when administered systemically or intracerebroventricularly. The results showed that chronic inhibition of NOS II by oral administration or intracerebroventricular injection did not significantly change blood pressure or its components. Therefore, inducible NO synthase does not play a role in the salt resistance of SR/Jr rats.
PHYSIOLOGICAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Andrew W. D'Souza, Sarah L. Hissen, Kazumasa Manabe, Ryosuke Takeda, Takuro Washio, Geoff B. Coombs, Belinda Sanchez, Qi Fu, J. Kevin Shoemaker
Summary: Sympathetic vascular transduction is attenuated in older adults compared to young adults, and there is an inverse relationship between the central and peripheral arcs of the baroreflex. Age and sex have independent and interactive effects on sympathetic vascular transduction and sympathetic neurohemodynamic balance in humans.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-HEART AND CIRCULATORY PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Jeremy A. Bigalke, John J. Durocher, Ian M. Greenlund, Manda Keller-Ross, Jason R. Carter
Summary: Chronic anxiety is prevalent and associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. This study reveals an independent relationship between trait anxiety, resting blood pressure, and muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) in healthy adults without cardiometabolic disorders.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-HEART AND CIRCULATORY PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Courtney Clyburn, Kirsteen N. Browning
Summary: The careful regulation of gastrointestinal functions is crucial for coordinating various processes in the digestive system and maintaining food intake and energy balance. Disruption of GI functions can lead to severe GI disorders and impact food intake and caloric balance. Central regulation of GI control, particularly through glutamatergic transmission, plays a significant role in maintaining the balance of GI functions.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-GASTROINTESTINAL AND LIVER PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Joseph C. Galley, Scott A. Hahn, Megan P. Miller, Brittany G. Durgin, Edwin K. Jackson, Sean D. Stocker, Adam C. Straub
Summary: In the study, it was found that reduced renal blood flow activates the RAAS system, leading to renovascular hypertension. Ang II was shown to affect sGC expression through an AT(1) receptor-FoxO transcription factor mechanism, both in vivo and in vitro. This up-regulation of sGC led to increased downstream cGMP signaling, suggesting a protective mechanism to improve renal blood flow in the uninjured contralateral renal artery.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Courtney Clyburn, R. Alberto Travagli, Amy C. Arnold, Kirsteen N. Browning
Summary: Acute exposure to a high-fat diet induces a brief period of hyperphagia, which is associated with activation of synaptic NMDA receptors on dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus neurons, increasing vagal control of gastric functions.
Article
Neurosciences
Leon J. DeLalio, Sean D. Stocker
Summary: The study revealed that anesthesia has an impact on sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) and arterial blood pressure (ABP) responses to chemosensory and mechanosensory renal stimuli, with sex playing a lesser role. Different anesthesia states resulted in varied SNA responses to renal stimuli.
JOURNAL OF NEUROPHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Yanyan Jiang, Julia E. Zimmerman, Kirsteen N. Browning, R. Alberto Travagli
Summary: This study reveals that stress can alter the modulation of oxytocin (OXT) on gastric tone and motility in rats, leading to neuroplasticity changes in the neurocircuits. Under stress conditions, OXT's regulation of brainstem GABAergic currents and gastric responses to vagal stimulation are disrupted.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-GASTROINTESTINAL AND LIVER PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Peripheral Vascular Disease
Sean D. Stocker, Megan M. Wenner, William B. Farquhar, Kirsteen N. Browning
Summary: This study found that activation of OVLT neurons leads to hypertension through sympathetic nerve activation.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Leon J. DeLalio, Sean D. Stocker
Summary: The circadian cycle affects sympathetic and hemodynamic responses to activation of renal chemosensitive sensory fibers. Responses to intrarenal bradykinin or capsaicin infusion were exaggerated during nighttime, but responses to elevated renal pelvic pressure were not. Importantly, renal afferent nerve responses were not different between nighttime and daytime.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-HEART AND CIRCULATORY PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Courtney Clyburn, Kaitlin E. Carson, Caleb R. Smith, R. Alberto Travagli, Kirsteen N. Browning
Summary: Prolonged exposure to a high-fat diet leads to hyperphagia and weight gain, but within a short period of time, caloric intake is regulated and energy balance is restored. Acute high-fat diet exposure activates brainstem astrocytes, increasing glutamatergic transmission to gastric-projecting neurons and restoring caloric balance. Inhibiting brainstem astrocytes reduces glutamatergic signaling, disrupts gastric tone and motility, delays gastric emptying, and prevents the decrease in food intake during energy regulation.
JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON
(2023)
Article
Peripheral Vascular Disease
Sean D. Stocker
Summary: This study found that a high salt diet activates NaCl-responsive neurons in the OVLT and leads to salt-sensitive hypertension. Inhibiting the activity of OVLT neurons can decrease sympathetic nerve activity and blood pressure in salt-sensitive hypertensive rats.
Article
Neurosciences
Kaitlin E. Carson, Jared Alvarez, Jasmine Q. Mackley, R. Alberto Travagli, Kirsteen N. Browning
Summary: Perinatal high-fat diet exposure alters the development of vagal neurocircuits that control gastrointestinal motility and reduce stress resiliency in offspring. The study investigates how these neurocircuits and associated changes to GI motility and stress responses are impacted by pHFD exposure. The results show that pHFD exposure disrupts descending PVN-DMV inputs, leading to a dysregulated vagal brain-gut response to stress.
JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON
(2023)
Article
Peripheral Vascular Disease
Sean D. Stocker, Jacob B. Sullivan
Summary: TRPV1 channels are involved in 2K1C renovascular hypertension, regulating renal afferent and sympathetic nerve activity, glomerular filtration rate, and arterial blood pressure.
Article
Neurosciences
Laura Anselmi, Guillaume P. Ducrocq, Victor Ruiz-Velasco, Sean D. Stocker, Shannon P. Higgins, Marc P. Kaufman
Summary: The role of the TRPV1 channel in evoking the exercise pressor reflex is controversial. This study found that TRPV1 is not necessary for the reflex in rats.
JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Tiaosi Xing, Giorgia Nanni, Cameron R. Burkholder, Kirsteen N. Browning, R. Alberto Travagli
Summary: A monosynaptic pathway connecting the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) to neurons of the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMV) modulates the tone and motility of the proximal colon, and impairment of this pathway may contribute to colonic transit reduction and constipation.
JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON
(2023)
Article
Physiology
Joseph C. Watso, Austin T. Robinson, Matthew C. Babcock, Kamila U. Migdal, Melissa A. H. Witman, Megan M. Wenner, Sean D. Stocker, William B. Farquhar
PHYSIOLOGICAL REPORTS
(2020)