Article
Horticulture
Gulshariya Kairova, Nurzhan Daulet, Maxim Solomadin, Nurlan Sandybayev, Shynggys Orkara, Vyacheslav Beloussov, Nazym Kerimbek, Dilyara Gritsenko, Zagipa Sapakhova
Summary: This study conducted phytopathological evaluation and molecular genetic analysis of 59 apple varieties in different regions of Kazakhstan, finding that 26 varieties showed the highest resistance to fire blight. Interestingly, all 59 apple cultivars had identical genotypes for the 10 markers associated with fire blight resistance.
Article
Plant Sciences
Gaucher Matthieu, Righetti Laura, Aubourg Sebastien, Duge de Bernonville Thomas, Brisset Marie-Noelle, Chevreau Elisabeth, Vergne Emilie
Summary: The pPPO16 promoter, cloned from apple, is a useful tool for creating fire blight resistant apple genotypes without using transgenic methods. It allows fast and strong expression of transgenes in apple, making it a potential regulator.
PLANT CELL REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Entomology
Matthew Boucher, Rowan Collins, Stephen Hesler, Kerik Cox, Greg Loeb
Summary: The study found that Delia platura flies prefer infected and oozing fruit over uninfected fruit, and this preference diminishes when bacterial ooze is removed. However, the flies do not show a preference between infected saplings and uninfected saplings. Additionally, the volatiles from infected fruit do not attract the flies, indicating that diseased fruit odor is not the reason for their preference.
ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Duck Kyu Ryu, Mahesh Adhikari, Dong Hyuk Choi, Kyung Jin Jun, Do Hyoung Kim, Chae Ryeong Kim, Min Kyu Kang, Duck Hwan Park
Summary: Fire blight, caused by Erwinia amylovora, is a major bacterial disease in apple and pear trees, resulting in significant economic losses worldwide. This study analyzed the mechanisms and disease severity reduction efficacy of copper-based control agents (CBCAs) against E. amylovora. The results showed that copper oxychloride, copper sulfate basic, and tribasic copper sulfate at 2,000 ppm had significant reduction effects on fire blight.
PLANT PATHOLOGY JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Biology
Jaein Choe, Byeori Kim, Mi-Kyung Park, Eunjung Roh
Summary: In this study, Phi Fifi106, isolated from pear orchard soil, was purified and characterized, and its efficacy for controlling fire blight in apple plants was evaluated. The results showed that Phi Fifi106 efficiently inhibited the infection of E. amylovora and reduced the disease incidence and severity in M9 apple plants.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Zhouqi Cui, Regan B. Huntley, Neil P. Schultes, Kaleem U. Kakar, Ching-Hong Yang, Quan Zeng
Summary: The expression of the type III secretion system (T3SS) in epiphytic Erwinia amylovora cells on stigma and hypanthium of apple flowers varies, with higher expression and promotion of epiphytic growth on stigma surfaces compared to hypanthium surfaces. Pre-culturing E. amylovora cells on stigma enhances T3SS expression and potential for infection, suggesting that T3SS induction during stigmatic colonization may benefit subsequent infection. The expression of T3SS is also influenced by relative humidity, with a higher percentage of T3SS expressing cells under high humidity conditions.
MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS
(2021)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Sang-Guen Kim, Sung-Bin Lee, Su-Jin Jo, Kevin Cho, Jung-Kum Park, Jun Kwon, Sib Sankar Giri, Sang-Wha Kim, Jeong-Woo Kang, Won-Joon Jung, Young-Min Lee, Eunjung Roh, Se-Chang Park
Summary: This study suggests the potential of using a combination of bacteriophages and antibiotics as an effective strategy to control the outbreak of blight disease. The combination showed improved host infectivity coverage and achieved synergistic effects in inhibiting bacterial growth. The phage cocktail demonstrated higher antibacterial activity compared to the antibiotic alone.
Article
Plant Sciences
Sarah A. Kostick, Soon Li Teh, Kate M. Evans
Summary: Phenotyping resistance/susceptibility to fire blight is challenging due to the complexity of inheritance and insufficient phenotypic information for breeding decisions. Most resistance alleles have been found in wild germplasm, while reduced susceptibility alleles have been identified in breeding parents. Although DNA-informed breeding for fire blight resistance is attractive, there are currently limited trait-predictive DNA tests available.
Article
Ecology
Zhouqi Cui, Regan B. Huntley, Quan Zeng, Blaire Steven
Summary: The study found a link between the apple stigma microbiome and infection byErwinia amylovora, the causal agent of fire blight disease. While a large population of the phytopathogen was established on the stigma, it was not sufficient to predict disease outcome, as only 42% of infected flowers showed symptoms of fire blight.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Annette Wimmer, Michael Glueck, Wenzi Ckurshumova, Jun Liu, Michael Fefer, Kristjan Plaetzer
Summary: This study aims to demonstrate that photodynamic inactivation can be used to treat plant diseases even if the causative bacteria are resistant to conventional treatment. Different photosensitizers in combination with different culture conditions have varying effects on bacterial inactivation, and PDI based on natural photosensitizers might represent an eco-friendly treatment strategy.
Review
Plant Sciences
Quan Zeng, Joanna Pulawska, Jeffrey Schachterle
Summary: This review examines the different infection stages of the fire blight disease caused by Erwinia amylovora, focusing on the early events during the initial infection of flowers and shoot tips. It discusses the production and transfer of inoculum, epiphytic proliferation of the pathogen, entry into the host, and initial proliferation inside the host. Additionally, the review delves into how E. amylovora modulates its virulence expression to induce disease symptoms during these early events.
JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Plant Sciences
Jeffrey K. Schachterle, Kristi Gdanetz, Ishani Pandya, George W. Sundin
Summary: The enterobacterial pathogen Erwinia amylovora uses multiple virulence-associated traits to cause fire blight in apple and pear trees. In this study, the transcriptome of E. amylovora during disease progression on apple flowers was characterized using high-throughput sequencing. The results showed that genes related to the type III secretion system and flagellar genes were strongly co-expressed, as well as genes involved in amylovoran biosynthesis and sorbitol utilization. A group of 16 genes with increased and sustained expression throughout disease progression were also identified, and deletion mutants lacking these genes displayed reduced symptom development on apple shoots. These induced genes were also found to be enriched for genes involved in sulphur metabolism and cycling, suggesting their importance in maintaining oxidative homeostasis during apple flower infection.
MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Anya Schnyder, Leo Eberl, Kirsty Agnoli
Summary: This study investigated the potential of the resident microbiota of apple blossoms in combating plant disease-causing organisms, and identified two candidate biocontrol strains. These strains may already be part of the human diet, making them promising candidates for biocontrol applications.
Article
Entomology
In-Yong Kim, Benjamin Lew, Youfu Zhao, Schuyler S. Korban, Hyungsoo Choi, Kyekyoon Kim
Summary: This study demonstrates the effectiveness of encapsulated bacterial antagonist Pantoea agglomerans strain E325 (E325) in alginate microcapsules (AMCs) in suppressing the growth of Erwinia amylovora strain Ea153 (Ea153) under different relative humidity (RH) conditions, especially at the main infection site. It suggests that microcapsule-mediated delivery of biocontrol agents could be a viable strategy for managing fire blight in apples.
Article
Plant Sciences
Neil P. Schultes, Judith P. Sinn, Timothy W. McNellis
Summary: Understanding the utilization of host sugar resources by Erwinia amylovora is crucial for the parasitism of this bacterium, which causes fire blight disease in pome fruits. In this study, we investigated the virulence of gapA mutants, which are defective in sugar utilization through both glycolysis and the phosphogluconate pathway. Our findings reveal that gapA is essential for the virulence of E. amylovora on apple fruitlets, as demonstrated by the avirulence of gapA insertion and allelic exchange mutants.
PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Agronomy
Talent Namatsheve, Remi Cardinael, Regis Chikowo, Marc Corbeels, Joyful Tatenda Rugare, Stanford Mabasa, Aude Ripoche
Summary: Weeds pose a significant threat to crop growth in low-input cropping systems in sub-Saharan Africa. The study found that planting sole cowpea can effectively reduce weed infestation, while having little impact on maize yield.
Article
Agronomy
Jens G. Froese, Justine V. Murray, Nicholas J. Beeton, Rieks D. van Klinken
Summary: This article introduces a generic Bayesian network model called PRReSTo, which estimates likely infestation rates of host items in consignments. PRReSTo takes into account the vulnerability of host items to pest infestation, the abundance of pests to which host items are exposed, and the effects of risk-reducing measures. PRReSTo can be used to evaluate the effectiveness and acceptability of risk reduction measures in different pest-host systems.
Article
Agronomy
Alexis Delaplace, Mathieu Coulis, Gwenaelle Cottin, Philippe Tixier
Summary: This study compares the effectiveness of two fallow trapping patterns and finds that internal trapping of fallow land can clean up plots twice as quickly as trapping surrounding the fallow land. Additionally, trapping efficiency is influenced by climatic conditions, with the wet season being more favorable for trapping than the dry season.
Article
Agronomy
Todd E. Shelly, Kevin R. Cloonan
Summary: Invasive tephritid fruit flies pose a significant threat to commercial fruit and vegetable production. Early detection is crucial, and male lures are an important component of trapping networks. This review aims to summarize data on the change in attractiveness of male lures during aging in the field, highlighting studies that relate trap captures to changes in residual content and release rate.
Article
Agronomy
M. F. Lombardo, S. Panebianco, A. Azzaro, G. Timpanaro, G. Polizzi, G. Cirvilleri
Summary: Colletotrichum and Alternaria species have become emerging fungal pathogens causing severe economic losses in citrus orchards in the Mediterranean area. The use of copper-based antimicrobials for disease management is increasingly problematic, and research for alternative formulations is encouraged. This study tested copper-alternative products on citrus orchards and found that they significantly reduced disease incidence and severity, often showing comparable or better efficacy than copper. The good efficacy of these products suggests their potential for sustainable and large-scale use in integrated and organic citriculture.
Article
Agronomy
Innocent L. Rakubu, Agil Katumanyane, Brett P. Hurley
Summary: This study investigated the host-foraging strategies of five EPN species in South Africa and found that four of them exhibited a positive response to the presence of the host and caused 100% mortality, while the other species had a lower infection rate.
Article
Agronomy
Yuli Dai, Lin Gan, Xiaofei Liu, Chengzhong Lan, Zhiqiang Li, Xiujuan Yang
Summary: This study reports the occurrence of leaf spot disease caused by Colletotrichum plurivorum on cowpea plants in Pingnan prefecture, Fujian Province, China. The pathogen was identified based on morphological features and gene sequencing. Pathogenicity tests confirmed that the isolates of C. plurivorum could infect healthy cowpea leaves and induce leaf spot symptoms.
Article
Agronomy
Wenqing Xu, Weikai Li
Summary: Crop pests and diseases have a significant impact on crop yield and food security. This paper proposes FRseNet, a model based on ResNet-50 and SENet, for recognizing various crop pests and diseases. Experimental results on a self-constructed dataset demonstrate the competitive performance of the model in recognizing 15 diseases and 21 medium insect pests.
Article
Agronomy
Hector Carcamo, Carolyn Herle, Timothy Schwinghamer, Samuel Robinson, Patty Reid, R. Keith Gabert, Tyler Wist, Breanne Tidemann, Alejandro C. Costamagna
Summary: This study updated the economic thresholds for Lygus spp., a major insect pest of canola in Canada, by integrating a large data set collected over 23 years. The results revealed that the economic injury level for Lygus was around 9-23 insects per 10 sweeps, while spraying a foliar insecticide was only necessary when Lygus catches exceeded 30 insects per 10 sweeps. Additionally, analysis of Precision Yield Data showed that at low abundances (under 17 insects per 10 sweeps), Lygus may potentially stimulate canola yield and do not require control action.
Article
Agronomy
Medetissi Adom, Ken O. Fening, Maxwell K. Billah, Pascal O. Aigbedion-Atalor, David D. Wilson
Summary: Chilli pepper is an important food and cash crop in Ghana, but its production and marketing are hindered by insect pests. This study evaluated the efficacy of five different biopesticides against major chilli pepper pests and found that Neemazal and Attack were more effective than the other three in controlling these pests.
Article
Agronomy
Fariba Ghaderi, Soraya Karami
Summary: This study identified Phytophthora species causing root and crown rot in the main sesame-producing regions of Iran. The most aggressive species was found to be P. nicotianae. Additionally, sesame cultivars with high resistance to P. nicotianae and P. megasperma were identified. This is the first report of P. megasperma infection in sesame worldwide.
Article
Agronomy
Caroline Izabel R. Sakuno, Fabricio Jose B. Francischini, Karen Missy A. Komada, Murilo Basso, Fangneng Huang
Summary: The giant borer, Telchin licus, is a significant pest of sugarcane in Central and South America, and traditional control methods are ineffective due to the larvae's hiding behavior. Recent research has shown that transgenic sugarcane expressing Bacillus thuringiensis proteins, originally developed to control another sugarcane pest, can also effectively control the giant borer.
Article
Agronomy
Lucas de Paulo Arcanjo, Poliana Silvestre Pereira, Juliana Lopes dos Santos, Kayo Heberth de Brito Reis, Allana Grecco Guedes, Damaris Rosa de Freitas, Mikaelison da Silva Lima, Mayara Cristina Lopes, Renato Almeida Sarmento, Marcelo Coutinho Picanco
Summary: This study developed a standardized sampling plan for scouting B. tabaci adults in tropical soybean fields and identified the appropriate sample unit and sampling technique. A total of 49 samples per field were required, and the sampling process lasted no more than 5 min per hectare with associated costs not exceeding US$ 0.74 per hectare.
Article
Agronomy
Vicente Bezerra Pontes Junior, Levi Andres Bonilla Rave, Adalin Moraes Cezar de Aguiar, Alessandro da Costa Lima, Ana Flavia Souza Laube, Leonardo D'Antonino, Antonio Alberto da Silva
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the influence of diuron's adsorption characteristics in soil on dose determination. The results showed that organic matter content was a key factor in determining diuron's sorption and toxicity to E. indica.
Article
Agronomy
Lu Xun, Emilio Gil
Summary: A novel methodology was proposed to analyze water-sensitive papers (WSPs) for evaluating spray quality. The segmentation of overlapping droplets based on concave point detection and ellipse fitting achieved high accuracy. A linear relationship between droplet density and coverage was observed, and simulated WSPs were generated for high coverage estimation. This approach allows for more accurate spray quality indicators from WSP collectors.