Article
Cell Biology
Daniel Udvary, Philipp Harth, Jakob H. Macke, Hans-Christian Hege, Christiaan P. J. de Kock, Bert Sakmann, Marcel Oberlaender
Summary: The wiring specificity in the cerebral cortex is not only determined by synapse formation mechanisms, but also by the morphological properties of the neurons. The morphologically determined wiring specificity is reflected in the axo-dendritic projection patterns, packing density, and cellular diversity of the neurons. These factors determine whether the network topology is recurrent or feedforward.
Article
Toxicology
Praveen Kulkarni, Nicole Bens, Dhruv K. Karia, Craig F. Ferris
Summary: A diffusion weighted imaging protocol called in vivo neuropathology provides specific information on 173 different brain areas when registered to a 3D MRI rat brain atlas. By using this protocol to study the effects of the neurotoxin trimethyltin on gray matter microarchitecture, researchers were able to observe changes in water diffusivity in specific brain regions over time. This alternative method to traditional histopathology can minimize costs, expedite processes, and detect subtle changes in brain microarchitecture.
TOXICOLOGY LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Gwendolyn English, Newsha Ghasemi Nejad, Marcel Sommerfelt, Mehmet Fatih Yanik, Wolfger Von der Behrens
Summary: By recording neural activity in the somatosensory pathway of mice, researchers have found that specific cortical circuits encode Bayesian surprise. The surprise sensitivity is not evident in the somatosensory thalamus, but rather in the primary and secondary somatosensory cortices. These results provide a precise spatiotemporal neural representation of Bayesian surprise and suggest its importance in cortical processing.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Chen Fang, Xingya Cai, Haidong D. Lu
Summary: In mammals, there is a higher number of neurons in the V1 area dedicated to cardinal orientations than to oblique orientations. However, studies on macaque monkeys have produced conflicting results regarding the orientation distribution in their visual cortex. It has also been unclear whether different visual areas in the cortex exhibit different orientation anisotropies. This study analyzed optical imaging data and found that both V1 and V4 exhibit significant orientation anisotropies, but with different overrepresented orientations. These findings suggest that different cortical areas have evolved to prioritize different features for their functional purposes.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ivan Voitov, Thomas D. Mrsic-Flogel
Summary: Working memory is an essential component of cognition, but the mechanisms by which neural populations represent and maintain working memory are still unclear. In this study using mice, researchers found that distributed areas of the neocortex were selectively involved in the maintenance of working memory during a visual task. They also discovered that working memory representations were embedded in high-dimensional population activity in visual area AM and premotor area M2, persisting throughout the inter-stimulus delay period.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Nikolas L. Jorstad, Janet H. T. Song, David Exposito-Alonso, Hamsini Suresh, Nathan Castro-Pacheco, Fenna M. Krienen, Anna Marie Yanny, Jennie Close, Emily Gelfand, Brian Long, Stephanie C. Seeman, Kyle J. Travaglini, Soumyadeep Basu, Marc Beaudin, Darren Bertagnolli, Megan Crow, Song-Lin Ding, Jeroen Eggermont, Alexandra Glandon, Jeff Goldy, Katelyn Kiick, Thomas Kroes, Delissa Mcmillen, Trangthanh Pham, Christine Rimorin, Kimberly Siletti, Saroja Somasundaram, Michael Tieu, Amy Torkelson, Guoping Feng, William D. Hopkins, Thomas Hollt, C. Dirk Keene, Sten Linnarsson, Steven A. Mccarroll, Boudewijn P. Lelieveldt, Chet C. Sherwood, Kimberly Smith, Christopher A. Walsh, Alexander Dobin, Jesse Gillis, Ed S. Lein, Rebecca D. Hodge, Trygve E. Bakken
Summary: Our study used snRNA-seq to analyze the transcriptome of the cerebral cortex in humans and four nonhuman primate species. We found that cell types in the cerebral cortex are highly conserved among great apes, with marmosets showing some unique cell type proportions. Profiling gorillas allowed us to identify expression differences between humans and chimpanzees that are specialized in humans. We also discovered that neuronal gene expression has evolved faster on the human lineage, while glial expression changes have occurred rapidly in all species. Human-specific DEGs are enriched near adaptive genomic changes and may contribute to specialized cortical function.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Carey Y. L. Huh, Henri Leinonen, Taylor Nakayama, Julia R. Tomasello, Jianye Zhang, Jack Zeitoun, John P. Peach, Maximilian Halabi, Jianying Z. Kiser, Krzysztof Palczewski, Philip D. Kiser, Sunil P. Gandhi
Summary: This study found that adult mice can recover visual responsiveness in the primary visual cortex following the correction of retinal defects through retinoid treatment. The treatment increases the number and amplitude of visually responsive neurons and restores the balance of eye-specific responses in the cortex. Additionally, it rescues the modulation of cortical responses by arousal.
Article
Neurosciences
Edmund T. Rolls, Gustavo Deco, Chu-Chung Huang, Jianfeng Feng
Summary: Using the HCP-MMP atlas, the effective connectivity between visual cortical regions in human brain was investigated. Different visual streams were found to be involved in object recognition, scene representations, language systems, and social behavior. These streams are connected hierarchically and interact with reward systems and memory systems.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Sadra Sadeh, Claudia Clopath
Summary: The study shows that different types of neural network structures can influence the formation and dynamics of assemblies. Networks with dominant excitatory interactions enable fast assembly formation but may lead to some degree of non-specific induction, while networks with strong excitatory-inhibitory interactions ensure that assembly formation is constrained to perturbed neurons only, albeit at a slower pace. These two regimes offer different trade-offs between speed and specificity for computational and cognitive tasks.
Article
Neurosciences
Tzu-Yi Hong, Ching-Ju Yang, Li-Kai Cheng, Wei-Chi Li, Wen-Yih Isaac Tseng, Tzu-Chen Yeh, Hsin-Yen Yu, Li-Fen Chen, Jen-Chuen Hsieh
Summary: This study investigates the white matter characteristics of visual artists (VAs) in terms of visual creativity and the structural connectivity within the cortical visual system. Diffusion spectrum imaging was used to examine the changes in white matter in a group of VAs compared to a group of healthy controls. The findings show enhanced white matter in specific brain regions and fiber tracts in VAs, which are associated with visual creativity and consistent with previous research on heightened functional connectivity in VAs.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Chi Ren, Kailong Peng, Ruize Yang, Weikang Liu, Chang Liu, Takaki Komiyama
Summary: This study found that different subtypes of inhibitory neurons (INs) in the cortex of mice learning a task are globally modulated throughout the cortex, with initial learning involving varying levels of activation of VIP-INs and SOM-INs. Furthermore, manipulation of the cholinergic system can affect the activity of cortical IN subtypes and subsequently impact motor learning.
Article
Neurosciences
Karen E. Schroeder, Sean M. Perkins, Qi Wang, Mark M. Churchland
Summary: Recent scientific findings suggest that different movement classes may require different decoding strategies, and leveraging high-variance multidimensional subspace can improve performance.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Henri Lassagne, Dorian Goueytes, Daniel E. Shulz, Luc Estebanez, Valerie Ego-Stengel
Summary: The topographic organization in sensory cortices plays a crucial role in sensory-guided behavior, as the continuity of the topography enables anticipation of future sensory activation. Disruption of the topographic continuity leads to behavioral failure.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Maria A. Di Biase, Michael P. Geaghan, William R. Reay, Jakob Seidlitz, Cynthia Shannon Weickert, Alice Pebay, Melissa J. Green, Yann Quide, Joshua R. Atkins, Michael J. Coleman, Sylvain Bouix, Evdokiya E. Knyazhanskaya, Amanda E. Lyall, Ofer Pasternak, Marek Kubicki, Yogesh Rathi, Andrew Visco, Megan Gaunnac, Jinglei Lv, Raquelle Mesholam-Gately, Kathryn E. Lewandowski, Daphne J. Holt, Matcheri S. Keshavan, Christos Pantelis, Dost Ongur, Alan Breier, Murray J. Cairns, Martha E. Shenton, Andrew Zalesky
Summary: This study found that cortical thickness heterogeneity in schizophrenia is related to interregional variation in distinct neural cell types. Different cell types are associated with different patient subtypes. Analyzing genomic, transcriptomic, and brain phenotypic data can provide insights into schizophrenia subtypes for future research.
MOLECULAR PSYCHIATRY
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Shinho Cho, Arani Roy, Chao J. Liu, Djaudat Idiyatullin, Wei Zhu, Yi Zhang, Xiao-Hong Zhu, Phillip O'Herron, Austin Leikvoll, Wei Chen, Prakash Kara, Kamil Ugurbil
Summary: The study reveals that laminar differences in neuronal circuitry are not necessarily reflected in hemodynamic signals. By examining the primary visual cortex in cats, it was found that orientation selectivity in cortical layer 4 was significantly lower compared to layer 2/3 in response to visual stimuli.
Review
Clinical Neurology
Christina Grimm, Joshua Henk Balsters, Valerio Zerbi
Summary: The text discusses the strong influence of social relationships on human behavior and the challenges in understanding the neural mechanisms driving social actions. It calls for a unified blueprint of social brain systems and emphasizes the importance of circuital similarity and diversity for translating research findings from rodents to humans. The text also highlights the use of multimodal neuroimaging to guide research on social behavior regulation.
Review
Neurosciences
Saskia Bollmann, Markus Barth
Summary: The work reviews recent advances in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) of the human brain and discusses the push for higher functional specificity to reveal previously undetectable functional properties of small-scale cortical structures. Despite recent progress in fMRI technology, the majority of the neuroscience community still relies on conventional imaging techniques.
PROGRESS IN NEUROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Valeriia Beliaeva, Iurii Savvateev, Valerio Zerbi, Rafael Polania
Summary: This article discusses the potential of transcranial electrical stimulation techniques in exploring the role of neural oscillations in the brain, highlighting key issues to consider across systems, species, theoretical and experimental scales.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Ravian L. van Ineveld, Michiel Kleinnijenhuis, Maria Alieva, Sam de Blank, Mario Barrera Roman, Esmee J. van Vliet, Clara Martinez Mir, Hannah R. Johnson, Frank L. Bos, Raimond Heukers, Susana M. Chuva de Sousa Lopes, Jarno Drost, Johanna F. Dekkers, Ellen J. Wehrens, Anne C. Rios
Summary: The study introduces an imaging software for large-scale microscopy data, enabling parallelized, deep learning-based segmentation of single cells in tissues to reveal molecular, spatial, and morphological features. The research found that Wilms tumor exhibits a highly disorganized spatial pattern, with cellular profiles resembling human fetal kidney cells, and also identified previously unreported tumor-specific populations.
NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Julien Cohen-Adad, Eva Alonso-Ortiz, Mihael Abramovic, Carina Arneitz, Nicole Atcheson, Laura Barlow, Robert L. Barry, Markus Barth, Marco Battiston, Christian Buechel, Matthew Budde, Virginie Callot, Anna J. E. Combes, Benjamin De Leener, Maxime Descoteaux, Paulo Loureiro de Sousa, Marek Dostal, Julien Doyon, Adam Dvorak, Falk Eippert, Karla R. Epperson, Kevin S. Epperson, Patrick Freund, Juergen Finsterbusch, Alexandru Foias, Michela Fratini, Issei Fukunaga, Claudia A. M. Gandini Wheeler-Kingshott, Giancarlo Germani, Guillaume Gilbert, Federico Giove, Charley Gros, Francesco Grussu, Akifumi Hagiwara, Pierre-Gilles Henry, Tomas Horak, Masaaki Hori, James Joers, Kouhei Kamiya, Haleh Karbasforoushan, Milos Kerkovsky, Ali Khatibi, Joo-Won Kim, Nawal Kinany, Hagen Kitzler, Shannon Kolind, Yazhuo Kong, Petr Kudlicka, Paul Kuntke, Nyoman D. Kurniawan, Slawomir Kusmia, Rene Labounek, Maria Marcella Lagana, Cornelia Laule, Christine S. Law, Christophe Lenglet, Tobias Leutritz, Yaou Liu, Sara Llufriu, Sean Mackey, Eloy Martinez-Heras, Loan Mattera, Igor Nestrasil, Kristin P. O'Grady, Nico Papinutto, Daniel Papp, Deborah Pareto, Todd B. Parrish, Anna Pichiecchio, Ferran Prados, Alex Rovira, Marc J. Ruitenberg, Rebecca S. Samson, Giovanni Savini, Maryam Seif, Alan C. Seifert, Alex K. Smith, Seth A. Smith, Zachary A. Smith, Elisabeth Solana, Yuichi Suzuki, George Tackley, Alexandra Tinnermann, Jan Valosek, Dimitri Van De Ville, Marios C. Yiannakas, Kenneth A. Weber, Nikolaus Weiskopf, Richard G. Wise, Patrik O. Wyss, Junqian Xu
Summary: The study introduces a harmonized quantitative MRI protocol called the spine generic protocol to address challenges in quantitative spinal cord imaging. The protocol provides guidance for assessing spinal cord structure and has been validated in 260 healthy subjects.
Correction
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Julien Cohen-Adad, Eva Alonso-Ortiz, Mihael Abramovic, Carina Arneitz, Nicole Atcheson, Laura Barlow, Robert L. Barry, Markus Barth, Marco Battiston, Christian Buchel, Matthew Budde, Virginie Callot, Anna J. E. Combes, Benjamin De Leener, Maxime Descoteaux, Paulo Loureiro de Sousa, Marek Dostal, Julien Doyon, Adam Dvorak, Falk Eippert, Karla R. Epperson, Kevin S. Epperson, Patrick Freund, Jurgen Finsterbusch, Alexandru Foias, Michela Fratini, Issei Fukunaga, Claudia A. M. Gandini Wheeler-Kingshott, Giancarlo Germani, Guillaume Gilbert, Federico Giove, Charley Gros, Francesco Grussu, Akifumi Hagiwara, Pierre-Gilles Henry, Tomas Horak, Masaaki Hori, James Joers, Kouhei Kamiya, Haleh Karbasforoushan, Milos Kerkovsky, Ali Khatibi, Joo-Won Kim, Nawal Kinany, Hagen H. Kitzler, Shannon Kolind, Yazhuo Kong, Petr Kudlicka, Paul Kuntke, Nyoman D. Kurniawan, Slawomir Kusmia, Rene Labounek, Maria Marcella Lagana, Cornelia Laule, Christine S. Law, Christophe Lenglet, Tobias Leutritz, Yaou Liu, Sara Llufriu, Sean Mackey, Eloy Martinez-Heras, Loan Mattera, Igor Nestrasil, Kristin P. O'Grady, Nico Papinutto, Daniel Papp, Deborah Pareto, Todd B. Parrish, Anna Pichiecchio, Ferran Prados, Alex Rovira, Marc J. Ruitenberg, Rebecca S. Samson, Giovanni Savini, Maryam Seif, Alan C. Seifert, Alex K. Smith, Seth A. Smith, Zachary A. Smith, Elisabeth Solana, Y. Suzuki, George Tackley, Alexandra Tinnermann, Jan Valosek, Dimitri van de Ville, Marios C. Yiannakas, Kenneth A. Weber, Nikolaus Weiskopf, Richard G. Wise, Patrik O. Wyss, Junqian Xu
Correction
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
V. Zerbi, M. Pagani, M. Markicevic, M. Matteoli, D. Pozzi, M. Fagiolini, Y. Bozzi, A. Galbusera, M. L. Scattoni, G. Provenzano, A. Banerjee, F. Helmchen, M. A. Basson, J. Ellegood, J. P. Lerch, M. Rudin, A. Gozzi, N. Wenderoth
MOLECULAR PSYCHIATRY
(2022)
Letter
Psychiatry
Valerio Zerbi
TRANSLATIONAL PSYCHIATRY
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Jeryn Chang, Thomas B. Shaw, Cory J. Holdom, Pamela A. McCombe, Robert D. Henderson, Jurgen Fripp, Markus Barth, Christine C. Guo, Shyuan T. Ngo, Frederik J. Steyn
Summary: This study found that lower hypothalamic volume is associated with lower and higher BMI in ALS patients, unlike AD patients and controls. Hypothalamic volume is not related to loss of appetite or hypermetabolism. In ALS patients, lower hypothalamic volume with lower BMI is associated with weight loss and earlier death.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Ravian L. van Ineveld, Raphael Collot, Mario Barrera Roman, Anna Pagliaro, Nils Bessler, Hendrikus C. R. Ariese, Michiel Kleinnijenhuis, Marcel Kool, Maria Alieva, Susana M. Chuva de Sousa Lopes, Ellen J. Wehrens, Anne C. Rios
Summary: This study presents a protocol for imaging based on optical clearing technology for multispectral large-scale single-cell resolution 3D imaging, which can capture multiple fluorophores simultaneously, providing the possibility of 3D visualization and exploration of large intact tissue volumes.
Article
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Francesco Cognolato, Kieran O'Brien, Jin Jin, Simon Robinson, Frederik B. Laun, Markus Barth, Steffen Bollmann
Summary: Deep learning based Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping (QSM) has shown great potential, but current methods lack data consistency and often result in error propagation. We developed a new framework, NeXtQSM, that solves the QSM problem jointly and overcomes these limitations.
MEDICAL IMAGE ANALYSIS
(2023)
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Chia-Yin Wu, Jin Jin, Carl Dixon, Donald Maillet, Markus Barth, Martijn A. Cloos
Summary: Replacing standard excitation pulses with parallel transmit pulses can improve the efficiency of velocity selective labeling.
MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Beata Bachrata, Steffen Bollmann, Jin Jin, Monique Tourell, Assunta Dal -Bianco, Siegfried Trattnig, Markus Barth, Stefan Ropele, Christian Enzinger, Simon Daniel Robinson
Summary: Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping (QSM) has the potential to provide additional insights into neurological diseases. We propose an ultra-fast acquisition method based on three orthogonal 2D simultaneous multislice EPI scans, which can generate high-resolution data in a short time. This method can be used to acquire QSM without additional imaging time.
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Christina Grimm, Nicole Wenderoth, Valerio Zerbi
Summary: The protocol presented here offers an optimized approach to study the impact of specific neuronal activity on brain network dynamics in mice using optogenetics and fMRI, detailing the steps for implementation and data analysis.
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Christian Hamilton-Craig, Daniel Staeb, Aiman Al Najjar, Kieran O'Brien, William Crawford, Sabine Fletcher, Markus Barth, Graham Galloway
Summary: This study explores the feasibility of using an ECG trigger learning algorithm on a 7T MRI scanner to quantitatively assess cardiac volumes and vascular flow. The results demonstrate reliable cardiac ECG triggering is achievable in healthy volunteers at 7T, providing sufficient image quality for quantitative analysis, which may benefit other ultra-high-field imaging applications.
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Andrea Gajardo-Vidal, Maxime Montembeault, Diego L. Lorca-Puls, Abigail E. Licata, Rian Bogley, Sabrina Erlhoff, Buddhika Ratnasiri, Zoe Ezzes, Giovanni Battistella, Elena Tsoy, Christa Watson Pereira, Jessica Deleon, Boon Lead Tee, Maya L. Henry, Zachary A. Miller, Katherine P. Rankin, Maria Luisa Mandelli, Katherine L. Possin, Maria Luisa Gorno-Tempini
Summary: This study investigates the potential differences in processing speed and neural correlates among the three variants of Primary Progressive Aphasia (PPA). The findings reveal that non-verbal cognitive abilities, such as processing speed, are significantly impacted in nfvPPA and lvPPA patients compared to healthy controls and svPPA patients. Neuroimaging results confirm the importance of fronto-parietal regions associated with processing speed and executive control.
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Holger Wiese, Tsvetomila Popova, Maya Schipper, Deni Zakriev, Mike Burton, Andrew W. Young
Summary: Previous experiments have shown that brief exposure to unfamiliar individuals leads to the formation of new facial representations, which undergo changes and consolidation within the first day after learning.
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Astrid Prochnow, Xianzhen Zhou, Foroogh Ghorbani, Paul Wendiggensen, Veit Roessner, Bernhard Hommel, Christian Beste
Summary: Individuals organize events in their environment by partitioning them into discrete units. This study reveals that the neural activity in the brain plays a critical role in this process, reflecting the key elements of event segmentation.
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Zhenzhen Huo, Zhiyi Chen, Rong Zhang, Junye Xu, Tingyong Feng
Summary: Procrastination has adverse effects on personal growth and social development. Reward sensitivity is positively correlated with procrastination. This study used VBM and RSFC analyses to investigate the neural substrates underlying the association between reward sensitivity and procrastination. The results showed that the functional connectivity of the right parahippocampal gyrus-precuneus mediated the relationship between reward sensitivity and procrastination.
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Stefano Lasaponara, Gabriele Scozia, Silvana Lozito, Mario Pinto, David Conversi, Marco Costanzi, Tim Vriens, Massimo Silvetti, Fabrizio Doricchi
Summary: Cholinergic (Ach), Noradrenergic (NE), and Dopaminergic (DA) pathways are crucial in regulating spatial attention and determining inter-individual differences in temperamental traits. This study found that temperamental traits predict individual differences in the ability to orient spatial attention based on the probabilistic association between cues and targets. These findings highlight the importance of considering temperamental and personality traits in social and professional environments where attention control is essential.
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Darren J. Yeo, Courtney Pollack, Benjamin N. Conrad, Gavin R. Price
Summary: The processing of numerals as visual objects is supported by an Inferior Temporal Numeral Area (ITNA) in the bilateral inferior temporal gyri (ITG). Extant findings suggest some degree of hemispheric asymmetry in how the bilateral ITNAs process numerals. The study found that digit sensitivity did not differ between ITNAs, and digit sensitivity in both left and right ITNAs was associated with calculation skills. The study also revealed a right lateralization in engagement in alphanumeric categorization, and that the right ITNA showed greater discriminability between digits and letters.
Review
Behavioral Sciences
Beste Gulsuna, Abuzer Gungor, Alp O. Borcer, Ugur Ture
Summary: The fiber dissection technique has been used to study the internal structures of the brain, with less focus on white matter. The sagittal stratum, a white matter structure, has not received enough attention and has been a subject of controversy. Recent studies suggest potential functions of the sagittal stratum, emphasizing the importance of understanding this structure accurately.
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Nora Geiser, Brigitte Charlotte Kaufmann, Samuel Elia Johannes Knobel, Dario Cazzoli, Tobias Nef, Thomas Nyffeler
Summary: This study compared the effects of auditory and visual motion stimulation on spatial neglect and found that both interventions were equally effective in improving neglect. Multimodal motion stimulation also improved neglect, but did not show greater improvement than unimodal auditory or visual motion stimulation alone.
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Anna E. Hughes, Anna Nowakowska, Alasdair D. F. Clarke
Summary: This study examines the relationship between search slopes and search efficiency in visual search tasks, introduces the Target Contrast Signal (TCS) Theory, and extends it to a Bayesian multi-level framework. The findings demonstrate that TCS can predict data well, but distinguishing between contrast combination models proves to be difficult.