Article
Chemistry, Physical
Thorsten Michler, Tomas Freitas, Heiner Oesterlin, Carl Fischer, Ken Wackermann, Fabien Ebling
Summary: In this study, eight commercial austenitic stainless steels were tested under different conditions. The results showed that the 0.2 yield strength and ultimate tensile strength were comparable for all configurations. The reduction of area of conventional specimens (CS) was higher than that of tubular specimens (TS) in the reference atmosphere, but lower in gaseous high-pressure hydrogen. Under gaseous hydrogen precharged condition, the reduction of area was comparable between CS and TS for severely affected grades. The differences in necking behavior between CS and TS can be explained by the competition between necking and hydrogen assisted crack initiation and growth, especially in high pressure hydrogen gas.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Qian Yan, Luchun Yan, Xiaolu Pang, Kewei Gao
Summary: This study investigated the influence of Cu precipitations on hydrogen trapping capability and hydrogen embrittlement (HE) in aged martensitic stainless steel. The results showed a significant decrease in the hydrogen diffusion coefficient and a substantial increase in the hydrogen content in specimens containing Cu precipitations. The specimens with peak-aged (1 h) Cu precipitations exhibited the highest HE susceptibility, as a result of abundant hydrogen trapped by coherent Cu precipitations with the matrix and escaped during the tensile process.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Mathias Truschner, Robin Kroll, Matthias Eichinger, Andreas Keplinger, Dirk L. Engelberg, Gregor Mori
Summary: The hydrogen uptake and embrittlement characteristics of a cold-drawn austenitic stainless steel wire were investigated. The resistance to hydrogen embrittlement was found to decrease significantly with a 50% degree of cold deformation. The hydrogen content was assessed using thermal desorption and laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy, which established a correlation between the absorbed hydrogen and the intensity of near-surface hydrogen. The sub-surface hydrogen content of the hot-rolled specimen was determined to be 791 wt.ppm.
Article
Nuclear Science & Technology
Timothy M. Krentz, Joseph A. Ronevich, Dorian K. Balch, Chris San Marchi
Summary: Austenitic stainless steels are the standard materials for containment of hydrogen and tritium due to their resistance to mechanical property degradation. Understanding the effects of low levels of tritium-decay-helium ingrowth on 304 L tubes is critical for fusion energy research, as tritium embrittlement can significantly reduce fracture toughness. Results from tensile testing of tritium pre-charged 304 L tube specimens showed increased yield strengths, ultimate tensile strengths, and slightly increased elongation to failure, similar to higher concentrations of hydrogen precharging.
FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Mahdieh Safyari, Masoud Moshtaghi
Summary: The susceptibility of metastable 304L to embrittlement in a high-pressure gaseous hydrogen environment was studied. The deterioration of mechanical properties caused by high pressure hydrogen gas can be accelerated by the presence of surface defects. Varying the machining parameters to change the density of defects caused by machining, it was found that the maximum dislocation density, rather than the maximum strain-induced martensite, increased the sensitivity to hydrogen embrittlement.
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Adrian Del-Pozo, Julio C. Villalobos, Arnoldo Bedolla-Jacuinde, Hector J. Vergara-Hernandez, Octavio Vazquez-Gomez, Bernardo Campillo
Summary: The susceptibility to hydrogen embrittlement was evaluated for an experimental X-120 microalloyed steel with different quenching treatments. The microstructure of the steel varied depending on the cooling media used. The steel showed a decrease in impact toughness under hydrogen pressure, with the maximum decrease being 39%.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PRESSURE VESSELS AND PIPING
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Yuji Momotani, Akinobu Shibata, Nobuhiro Tsuji
Summary: The present study investigated hydrogen-related fractures in low-carbon martensitic steel at different deformation temperatures. The sensitivity to hydrogen embrittlement increased with decreasing temperature from 100 degrees C to 0 degrees C, but decreased further below 0 degrees C. The characterization of fracture surface types revealed a similar temperature dependence of hydrogen-embrittled surfaces to the sensitivity to hydrogen embrittlement. Qualitative discussion indicated that the degree of hydrogen accumulation peaked in the medium temperature range, consistent with the experimentally confirmed sensitivity to hydrogen embrittlement.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Milene Yumi Maeda, Motomichi Koyama, Hayato Nishimura, Osvaldo Mitsuyuki Cintho, Eiji Akiyama
Summary: Hydrogen has significant effects on the ductility loss and fracture behavior of nitrogen-doped duplex stainless steel, resulting in quasi-cleavage and intergranular fractures associated with transgranular austenite cracking and ferrite/austenite interface cracking, respectively. Deformation twinning in austenite and nitrogen-related solution hardening are crucial factors leading to brittle-like cracking.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Yunjian Song, Shu Huang, Jie Sheng, Emmanuel Agyenim-Boateng, Yunfeng Jiang, Qiang Liu, Mingliang Zhu
Summary: The hydrogen embrittlement resistance of 2205 duplex stainless steel treated with laser peening was investigated. Laser peening changed the morphology and distribution of the ferrite and austenite phases, altering the path of hydrogen transport and diffusion. The refined grain structure induced by laser peening increased the difficulty of hydrogen atom penetration by providing more tortuous grain boundaries. Furthermore, the beneficial microstructures induced by laser peening, such as dislocation entanglements and mechanical twins, helped trap hydrogen atoms and reduce their mobility. Hydrogen determination tests provided direct evidence of reduced hydrogen penetration. Additionally, the depth of the brittle region in the tensile fracture was inversely proportional to the laser power density, indicating that increasing laser power density can decrease the hydrogen embrittlement sensitivity of the 2205 duplex stainless steel.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Jiaqing Li, Ziyue Wu, Lijie Zhu, Zhuwu Zhang, Lin Teng, Liang Zhang, Cheng Lu, Rui Wang, Che Zhang
Summary: The influence of temperature on hydrogen diffusion and hydrogen embrittlement of X80 steel was studied. The results showed that the hydrogen diffusion and subsurface hydrogen concentration in the steel increased with increasing temperature. Macro slow strain rate tensile tests and microstructural analysis revealed a temperature threshold THE, max of 315 K for hydrogen-induced embrittlement susceptibility. The determination of THE, max is crucial for determining test temperatures in hydrogen-related engineering material applications.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Liu-wei Zheng, Hui-yun Zhang, Quan-xin Shi, Jin-yao Ma, Wei Liang, Jun Hu
Summary: 3D printing technology is capable of producing complex parts for hydrogen service. In this study, a 304 austenitic stainless steel (ASS) sample was manufactured using selective laser melting (SLM), a 3D printing technology. The SLM sample exhibited higher strength and resistance to hydrogen embrittlement compared to traditionally solution-treated 304 ASS. This was attributed to the unique high-density dislocation cellular structure of the SLM sample, which hindered alpha'-martensite formation and slowed down hydrogen diffusion. Additionally, hydrogen-induced intergranular fracture was reduced due to alleviated hydrogen segregation at the grain boundary.
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
X. W. Zhou, R. Skelton, R. B. Sills, C. San Marchi
Summary: Slip blockage at slip band intersections plays a significant role in the mechanical properties of crystalline materials. Molecular dynamics simulations on Fe(70)Ni(10)Cr(20) alloys showed that secondary bands are more likely to transmit into e bands rather than twin bands. The lack of easy crystallographic pathways in twin bands explains this surprising phenomenon. Additionally, it was found that band intersection regions tend to nucleate voids, providing insights into the deformation and damage behavior of FCC metals.
SCRIPTA MATERIALIA
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Weijie Wu, Shenguang Liu, Xuewei Zhang, Weiguo Li, Jinxu Li
Summary: This study investigates the loss of ductility in a hydrogen-charged 2205 duplex stainless steel at different temperatures. The interactions between hydrogen and the dual-phase microstructure are observed by statistically characterizing the initiation and propagation of hydrogen-induced microcracks during tensile straining. The results show that higher temperatures lead to reduced hydrogen embrittlement susceptibility and thickness of the hydrogen-induced brittle layer. It is also found that hydrogen desorption is accelerated at 42 degrees C during straining.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Xu Xiuqing, An Junwei, Wen Chen, Niu Jing
Summary: The study reveals that under the condition of electrolytic hydrogen charging, the hydrogen embrittlement mechanism of AISI 321 stainless steel mainly manifests as the influence of hydrogen on the fracture mode and plasticity of the material.
ENGINEERING FAILURE ANALYSIS
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Jolan Bestautte, Szilvia Kalacska, Denis Bechet, Zacharie Obadia, Frederic Christien
Summary: Slow strain rate tests on hydrogen-containing specimens of PH13-8Mo maraging stainless steel revealed H-assisted subcritical quasi-cleavage cracking, which accelerated material failure. Fractographic analysis showed that quasi-cleavage consisted of flat brittle areas and rougher areas. Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) testing on a secondary subcritically grown crack revealed significant crystal lattice rotation and consequential plastic deformation concentrated between the main crack tip and the cracks located ahead of it. Quasi-cleavage consisted of {100} cleavage cracks connected by ductile ridges, suggesting a discontinuous mechanism involving the re-initiation of new cleavage cracks ahead of the main crack tip.
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Thorsten Michler, Joerg Naumann, Martin Hock, Karl Berreth, Michael P. Balogh, Erich Sattler
MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING
(2015)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Thorsten Michler, Christopher San Marchi, Karl Berreth, Jorg Naumann, Raj K. Mishra, Robert C. Kubic
MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING
(2016)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Thorsten Michler, Joerg Naumann, Jens Wiebesiek, Erich Sattler
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE
(2017)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Thorsten Michler, Enrico Bruder
MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING
(2018)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Thorsten Michler
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2014)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Chika Izawa, Stefan Wagner, Martin Deutges, Mauro Martin, Sebastian Weber, Richard Pargeter, Thorsten Michler, Haru-Hisa Uchida, Ryota Gemma, Astrid Pundt
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2019)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Chika Izawa, Stefan Wagner, Martin Deutges, Mauro Martin, Sebastian Weber, Richard Pargeter, Thorsten Michler, Haru-Hisa Uchida, Ryota Gemma, Astrid Pundt
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
T. Michler, E. Bruder, S. Lindner
MATERIALWISSENSCHAFT UND WERKSTOFFTECHNIK
(2020)
Article
Materials Science, Characterization & Testing
Jan Presse, Thorsten Michler, Boris Kuenkler
Article
Engineering, Civil
Jan Presse, Boris Kuenkler, Thorsten Michler
Summary: The study presents an approach to assess hybrid joints of aluminum and high strength steel, showing reasonable agreement between the fatigue life estimation and test data.
THIN-WALLED STRUCTURES
(2021)
Review
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Thorsten Michler, Frank Schweizer, Ken Wackermann
Summary: The influence of hydrogen on the mechanical properties of structural alloys strongly depends on temperature, with a temperature T-HE,T-max where degradation of mechanical properties reaches a maximum. The lack of understanding of the underlying physico-mechanical mechanisms makes it difficult to explain the temperature effects. Statistical approaches may be suitable for accounting for the temperature effect in engineering applications.
Review
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Thorsten Michler, Ken Wackermann, Frank Schweizer
Summary: The study reviewed a large amount of experimental data on the effect of hydrogen gas pressure on mechanical properties, and analyzed the relationship between fugacities and pressure. The results showed that for the majority of the data sets, the exponent n for fugacity was less than 0.37, providing a potential basis for defining appropriate test fugacities for hydrogen gas applications.
Correction
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Thorsten Michler, Ken Wackermann, Frank Schweizer
Review
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Thorsten Michler, Christian Elsaesser, Ken Wackermann, Frank Schweizer
Summary: This review summarizes the thermodynamics of hydrogen in mixed gases and its effects on mechanical properties of steels. Test results obtained in gas mixtures and in pure hydrogen at the same fugacity are shown to be equivalent, but this needs experimental verification. Among the test methods reviewed, fatigue crack growth testing is the most sensitive method to measure hydrogen effects in pipeline steels.
Proceedings Paper
Engineering, Mechanical
Jan Presse, Boris Kuenkler, Thorsten Michler
FATIGUE DESIGN 2019, INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON FATIGUE DESIGN, 8TH EDITION
(2019)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Zhichao Shang, Xiaoping Cai, Farshid Pahlevani, Yan Zheng, Akbar Hojjati-Najafabadi, Xinran Gao, Baojing Zhang, Peizhong Feng
Summary: High porosity Co-Al-Fe intermetallics with 3D-microstructures were successfully synthesized in one step via a thermal explosion reaction. The link between pore structure and permeability was investigated using 3D-XRM technology. The corrosion resistance of the samples with different Fe contents was studied at 900 degrees C under an oxygen/sulphur atmosphere for up to 120 h. The results showed that the samples maintained stable pore structure and intact internal matrices, attributed to the formation of a thin protective layer on the surface. In addition, inward diffusion of S resulted in the formation of FeS nodules.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Lian Ma, Hain Yang, Daquan Zhang, Wei Wu
Summary: In this study, an environmentally friendly volatile corrosion inhibitor, lysine salts (LA), was prepared between graphene oxide (GO) layers using an in situ intercalation technique. The corrosion inhibition effect of LA was evaluated, and it was found that LA-GO2 achieved a 99.3% corrosion inhibition efficiency after composition optimization. The inhibition of the electrochemical anodic process on the surface of mild steel was the main reason for the high corrosion inhibition efficiency of LA-GO2. The properties of the surface film on the corroded steel were also characterized in detail to understand the corrosion inhibition mechanism of LA-GO2.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Running Wang, Jiaping Zhang, Bing Liu, Jie Fei, Qiangang Fu
Summary: By introducing a tailored SiC-C interphase, the carbon fiber can be effectively protected, improving the mechanical and ablation properties of leading edge shaped C/C-ZrC-SiC composites.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Zihua Wang, Chijia Wang, Ruitao Wang, Jiapeng Deng, Kun Zhang, Yanji Zhu, Huaiyuan Wang
Summary: A robust anti-corrosive coating has been developed using functional fly ash, which demonstrates excellent corrosion resistance and improved mechanical properties. The coating achieves these enhancements through molecular cross-linking design and surface augmentation techniques, resulting in a significantly improved impedance modulus compared to pure polyurea coatings.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Haofei Sun, Meifeng Li, Hao Zhang, Jing Liu
Summary: The oxidation behavior of FeCrNi medium entropy alloy was investigated through experimental observations and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The study found that at 900 degrees C, the alloy forms a desirable and continuous oxide layer, while at 1000 degrees C, the oxide layer becomes discontinuous with penetration of oxide. These observations highlight the significant role of phase structure in promoting the formation of protective oxide scales and influencing oxidation resistance.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Yang Li, Ke Ma, Jingjun Xu, Jingjing Li, Yueming Li, Yi Zhang, Jun Zuo, Meishuan Li
Summary: Cr2AlC diffusion barrier effectively blocks the diffusion of Ti, enhancing the stability and spalling resistance of the Al2O3 scales between NiCrAlY coating and TiAl alloy.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Weiyi Wang, Qinglin Pan, Xiangdong Wang, Bing Liu
Summary: By adding Ce, Sc, Y and Zr elements to Al-Mg-Si alloy, the microstructure of the alloy can be regulated, and the corrosion and heat resistance of the materials can be improved.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Andrea Cristoforetti, Javier Izquierdo, Ricardo M. Souto, Flavio Deflorian, Michele Fedel, Stefano Rossi
Summary: This study presents a new approach to studying the mechanism of filiform corrosion in organic coated steel using the scanning vibrating electrode technique (SVET) and micropotentiometry (potentiometric SECM). The electrochemical activity under the coating was evaluated by mapping the ionic current densities coming from artificial defects made in specific locations of the filament. Antimony tips were also used to investigate the pH changes associated with different corrosion reactions at the metal-paint interface. Local pH levels along the filament in the anodic and cathodic regions were determined.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Yang Gao, Dayun Sun, Zhu Liu, Shuo Cong, Rui Tang, Yanping Huang, Lefu Zhang, Xianglong Guo
Summary: The corrosion characteristics of a novel alumina-forming austenitic steel in high-pressure high-temperature water environment were studied. The addition of aluminum has a negative effect on the continuity of the alumina scale.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Negin Madelat, Benny Wouters, Peter Visser, Zahra Jiryaeisharahi, Kristof Marcoen, Shoshan T. Abrahami, Annick Hubin, Herman Terryn, Tom Hauffman
Summary: This work explores the correlation between electrolyte transport properties and the variation of pigment volume concentration (PVC) in organic coatings. An odd random phase electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (ORP-EIS) approach is used to analyze the diffusion of ions independent from water uptake. The results show that a higher PVC leads to a more homogeneous coating structure, resulting in faster diffusion of ions and enhanced water uptake.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Eloa Lopes Maia, Serguei Gavrilov, Valentyn Tsisar, Kitty Baert, Iris De Graeve
Summary: The effect of pre-oxidation in air at 300-500°C on the initiation and development of liquid metal corrosion attack on 316L austenitic steel in static lead-bismuth eutectic (LBE) has been investigated. It was found that pre-formed oxide films can protect the surface against dissolution, while high temperature pre-oxidation leads to localized corrosion.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Baozhuang Sun, Qiuyu Wang, Yue Pan, Zhiyong Liu, Cuiwei Du, Xiaogang Li
Summary: In this study, a non-steady electrochemical model was established to investigate stress corrosion cracking (SCC). The model was verified using 304 SS with various microstructures, confirming its effectiveness in assessing SCC susceptibility.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Xingyu Xiao, Xinhua Liu, Zhilei Wang, Xuexu Xu, Mingying Chen, Jianxin Xie
Summary: The corrosion behavior and mechanisms of Cu-10Ni-X (Al, Fe, Mn, Cr, Sn, Ti, Zn) alloys in a 3.5% NaCl solution were systematically investigated. Both computational and experimental results revealed that except Ti, other elements could enhance the corrosion resistance of Cu2O passivation film.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Gen Zhang, Yan-Ping Huang, E. Jiang, Wei -Wei Liu, Hong Yang, Jing Xiong, Yong-Fu Zhao
Summary: The addition of aluminum has a significant influence on the intermetallic compounds in AFA alloys, particularly increasing the content of B2-NiAl phase. In the SCO2 environment, the oxide scales formed on AFA alloys with aluminum were thinner than on ASS without aluminum, and the structure of the oxide scales changed to a double-layer structure.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Yuxuan He, Guozheng Xiao, Chao Wang, Xuefeng Lu, Liuyuan Li, Shiying Liu, Yusheng Wu, Zhanjie Wang
Summary: The relationship between configurational entropy and lattice distortion in novel rare earth monosilicates was investigated, and the effect of configurational entropy on their properties was studied. The results showed that lattice distortion increased with the increase of configurational entropy, but a highly symmetrical crystal structure was formed when the configurational entropy was large enough, inhibiting the lattice distortion.
