Journal
CONTROL ENGINEERING PRACTICE
Volume 18, Issue 11, Pages 1231-1238Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.conengprac.2010.01.015
Keywords
Engine modeling; Engine control; Hydrocarbon emissions; Cold-start; Hybrid vehicles; Solar vehicles
Funding
- University of Salerno
- European Commission
- Italian Ministry of University and Research MIUR
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The paper focuses on investigating thermal-transients effects, associated to intermittent use of internal combustion engine (ICE), on fuel economy and hydrocarbon (HC) emissions of series hybrid solar vehicles (HSVs). An offline, non-linear constrained optimization is set-up to individuate the ICE power trajectory that simultaneously minimizes fuel consumption, suitably operates the battery and fully exploits daily solar contribution. The results highlight the importance of including thermal transients in HSV energy management. The combined effects of engine, generator and battery losses, along with cranking energy and thermal transients, produce non-trivial solutions for the engine/generator group, which should not necessarily operate at its maximum efficiency. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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