Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Shobhit Jain, Bhupendra Singh
Summary: The present study aims to investigate the impact of using recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) to partially replace virgin aggregates in cold bituminous emulsion mixture (CBEM). By replacing 10-50% of virgin aggregates with RCA, the mechanical properties and moisture susceptibility parameters of CBEM were tested. The results showed that the incorporation of RCA had a positive impact on properties like Marshall Stability, Marshall Quotient, and Indirect Tensile Strength, but a negative impact on moisture susceptibility. The addition of lime and cement fillers addressed the issues related to moisture susceptibility. Economic and environmental analysis revealed that RCA-incorporated CBEM had significant benefits in terms of cost and environmental impact.
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
(2022)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Arunkumar Goli, Deepa Sasidharan, B. Raj Kumar, Gottumukkala Bharath
Summary: The curing regime, consisting of curing temperature and curing period, is crucial for the strength development of cold in-place recycling technology. Inadequate curing can lead to distresses and premature failure of bituminous mixes. This study evaluated the influence of the curing regime on the mechanical characteristics of CR-Bituminous mixes stabilized with foam and emulsion bitumen. The results showed that curing temperature affected the moisture loss and mechanical characteristics, while humidity delayed the strength development process.
MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES
(2023)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Sadie Casillas, Andrew Braham
Summary: This research proposed adding three intermediate stages - workability, compactability, and cohesion gain - to asphalt emulsion CIR mix design, and evaluated commonly available equipment in asphalt laboratories for their ability to quantify these stages. The study found that cure temperature generally had a more significant influence on test results than cure time, and recommended using Superpave Gyratory Compaction (SGC) metrics to quantify workability and compactability. The direct shear test showed promise for quantifying cohesion gain based on agreement with the triaxial test.
ROAD MATERIALS AND PAVEMENT DESIGN
(2021)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Sabine Vassaux, Marine Havel, Didier Lesueur, Julien Van Rompu, Flavien Geisler, Simon Pouget
Summary: The study assesses the blending of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) and new binder using infrared microscopy, and finds that the homogeneity of the binder depends on the RAP content and virgin binder. Infrared data in cold mixes evolve over time, indicating emulsion curing.
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Shaowen Du
Summary: The study investigates the effects of introducing five different types of fibers into cold recycled mixture, finding that all fibers improve the performance of the mixture, with polyester fiber showing the highest enhancement in fatigue life.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PAVEMENT ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Zili Zhao, Jiwang Jiang, Zongwu Chen, Fujian Ni
Summary: This study investigates the water migration process in BE-CIR pavement by monitoring temperature and humidity gradients using on-site sensors. The results show that water migration can be divided into two stages, and temperature gradient and depth location significantly affect the process.
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Javier A. Grajales, Lisa M. Perez, A. Paul Schwab, Dallas N. Little
Summary: Hydrated lime is effective in forming water-resistant complexes with specific functional groups in bitumen, with ionic nature of bonds between hydrated lime and model asphalt moieties. Carboxylic acids are the preferential reaction sites between hydrated lime and bitumen moieties. The free energy of dissociation for hydrated lime with water as solvent is reported to be as high as +49.42 kcal/mol.
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Kabiru Rogo Usman, Mohd Rosli Hainin, Mohd Khairul Idham Mohd Satar, Muhammad Naqiuddin Mohd Warid, Siti Nur Naqiba Kamarudin, Suleiman Abdulrahman
Summary: The study demonstrated that the addition of POFA in fast-curing cold mix asphalt significantly improves Marshall volumetric properties, as well as enhances tensile strength, dynamic creep, resistance to cracking, and moisture damage in CMA. POFA waste serves as a good pozzolanic filler, reducing the void content in CMA. The incorporation of POFA results in increased early strength and durability of CMA mixtures.
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Jun Li, Mingliang Li, Hao Wu
Summary: Cold in-place recycling technology can address multiple layer damages and minimize waste. However, the high temperature stability, cracking resistance, and moisture susceptibility of cold in-place recycling mixtures need improvement.
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Dibyendu Paul, Machavarapu Suresh, Manish Pal
Summary: This study focuses on the effect of centrifuged latex (CENEX) polymer on bituminous concrete (BC) and dense bituminous macadam (DBM) of pavement. Results show that the incorporation of CENEX polymer improves moisture damage resistance, fatigue life, and rut resistance, leading to higher pavement service life compared to plain mixes.
CASE STUDIES IN CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Raj Kumar, Arunkumar Goli, Bharath Varma Gottumukkala, S. Shankar, Kranthi Kumar Kuna
Summary: Improper curing of cold asphalt mixes can lead to excessive moisture and premature failures. This research investigated the impact of curing temperatures and periods on 100% Cold Recycled (CR) mixes with foamed and emulsified asphalt. The results showed that curing regime greatly affected moisture loss and the evolution of stiffness properties. The study suggested using stiffness as the criterion for evaluating proper curing.
ROAD MATERIALS AND PAVEMENT DESIGN
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Zili Zhao, Fujian Ni, Junqiu Zheng, Zhiqiang Cheng, Shengjia Xie
Summary: The curing effect on laboratory BE-CIR was evaluated by considering field-water evaporation and heat-transfer conditions. Testing results showed that the performance of the BE-CIR mixture with water addition was significantly different from that with no treatment, with higher moisture content and lower air void and ITS under the same curing time.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Jiwang Jiang, Jingling Wang, Zili Zhao, Fujian Ni, Duo Xu, Zhu Zhang, Zhen Leng
Summary: This research aims to develop a drying behavior model of BE-CIR pavement considering the heat-moisture coupling effects, which can help optimize the timing for overlay placement under different curing environments.
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
(2023)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Zili Zhao, Jiwang Jiang, Zhen Leng, Fujian Ni
Summary: Bitumen Emulsion-based Cold In-place Recycling (BE-CIR) has been widely used due to its superior environmental benefits. The moisture migration behavior of BE-CIR mixture during the curing process can affect its mechanical performance. This study investigated the variation of internal structure and air voids in depth direction during the curing process of BE-CIR mixture. X-ray Computed Tomography (XCT) scanning examinations were performed on lab-prepared specimens with different curing periods. The results showed that curing temperature and initial moisture content had an impact on the micropore structure development. The study provides a better understanding of the dynamic volumetric characteristics of BE-CIR pavement over the curing process.
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Muna Al-Kafaji, Shakir Al-Busaltan, Hussein A. Ewadh
Summary: The study on modified CBEM mixtures indicates that adding ordinary portland cement and acrylic polymer can improve water damage resistance. The CBEM with a mix of OPC and 1.25% AR performs the best, showing better performance compared to HMA and OPC-only CBEM in terms of resistance.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS IN CIVIL ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Characterization & Testing
Chiara Mignini, Amedeo Virgili, Andrea Graziani
Summary: This research investigates the effect of different composition factors on the densification behavior of CRAMs. A new empirical modeling approach is proposed to analyze the densification curves and determine the grading distribution as the main controlling parameter.
JOURNAL OF TESTING AND EVALUATION
(2022)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Lwiza Meknaci, Andrea Graziani, Chiara Mignini, Ahmed Djafar Henni, Miomir Miljkovic
Summary: This research aimed to investigate the curing behavior of mortars prepared with different types of emulsions and sands, highlighting the importance of intrinsic properties of cationic emulsions and their compatibility with sand particles. The results showed that the estimated long-term indirect tensile strength at 5 degrees C of the mortars ranged from 1.14 to 1.52 MPa.
ROAD MATERIALS AND PAVEMENT DESIGN
(2022)
Editorial Material
Chemistry, Physical
Gilda Ferrotti, Andrea Graziani
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Andrea Graziani, Andrea Grilli, Chiara Mignini, Alex Balzi
Summary: Cold recycling techniques in road construction have gained increasing interest due to their significant environmental benefits in terms of energy saving, emission reduction, and preservation of natural resources. The evolutive development of performance, known as the curing process, is one of the main differences between cold and hot techniques. Environmental factors such as temperature, humidity, wind, and rainfall greatly influence the curing process and, consequently, the properties of the mixture over time. The relationship between laboratory simulative procedures and field conditions remains a challenge.
ADVANCES IN MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Sara Spadoni, Andrea Graziani, Francesco Canestrari
Summary: Grouted macadam (GM), made of an open-graded asphalt skeleton filled with a cementitious grout, is commonly used in semi-flexible pavements due to its high stiffness and rutting resistance. Although GM can meet the engineering properties required by ports, airports, and industrial pavements, its global application is limited. The stiffening contribution of the grout improves fatigue life, but may also lead to brittle behavior.
CASE STUDIES IN CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Chiara Mignini, Fabrizio Cardone, Andrea Graziani
Summary: The complex modulus of CBTM mixtures, which are cold recycled materials containing both bituminous and cementitious binders, was characterized in this research. The study found that the composition of the aggregate skeleton and the fine aggregate matrix influenced the rheological behavior, and the aged binder in the reclaimed asphalt aggregate played a significant role.
MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES
(2022)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Enrico Mancinelli, Umberto Rizza, Francesco Canestrari, Andrea Graziani, Simone Virgili, Giorgio Passerini
Summary: The aim of this study is to analyze the changes in habits and modes of transport of travelers departing from airports and ports during the COVID-19 outbreak. The survey results show that during the pandemic, there was a decrease in the use of public transport among travelers, with more people choosing their own vehicles to travel to/from airports and ports due to safety and hygiene concerns. Additionally, both during and after the pandemic, travelers generally consider health factors when choosing their transportation mode.
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Francesco Canestrari, Lorenzo Paolo Ingrassia, Paolo Spinelli, Andrea Graziani
Summary: This study aims to develop a new method for assessing the remaining service life of motorway pavements. The method utilizes TSD measurements, adjusts for temperature using the surface curvature index SCI300, and estimates the residual fatigue resistance to determine the structural ranking and predict maintenance priorities for different pavement sections.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PAVEMENT ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Ingrid Camargo, Bernhard Hofko, Andrea Graziani, Vittoria Grilli
Summary: Using reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) instead of virgin materials can reduce environmental impacts and costs. This study evaluates the feasibility of using DLTDP as a regeneration agent for RAP binders. Results show that DLTDP can partially restore the rheological and chemical composition of RAP binders without compromising adhesion properties and rutting resistance.
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Andrea Grilli, Alex Balzi
Summary: Local Road Administrations (LRA) manage wide and fragmented road networks with limited resources, hindering the implementation of new technologies and advancements. A customised pavement management system (PMS) is recommended to help LRA define workflows, make investments, and find cost-effective solutions. To promote sustainable development, eco-sustainable techniques should be incorporated into the PMS to preserve natural resources and stimulate local economic growth.
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Vittoria Grilli, Amedeo Virgili, Andrea Graziani
Summary: In this study, laboratory experiments were conducted to characterize the complex modulus and fatigue properties of cold recycled materials mixtures with cement bitumen treatment. The results showed that the stiffness modulus values of small specimens were approximately 15% lower compared to the large specimens.
ROAD MATERIALS AND PAVEMENT DESIGN
(2023)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Chiara Mignini, Fabrizio Cardone, Andrea Graziani
Summary: This research investigates the complex modulus of fine aggregate matrix (FAM) mortars, which represent the binding matrix of CBTM mixtures. The study finds that the linear viscoelastic (LVE) behavior of FAM mortars is strongly influenced by the composition, particularly the bituminous components and cement. Additionally, the aged bitumen coating the reclaimed asphalt aggregate affects the LVE response of CBTM mortars and mixtures.
ROAD MATERIALS AND PAVEMENT DESIGN
(2023)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Qi Jiang, Wei Liu, Shaopeng Wu, Xuanwen Gou
Summary: This study analyzes the erosion mechanisms of NaCl solution on asphalt concrete and finds that NaCl solution softens asphalt and promotes the intrusion of crystalline salt into it. Salt crystallization alters the surface roughness of aggregates, resulting in a decrease in skid resistance but an improvement in compressive strength. Additionally, the concentration of NaCl solution initially has no significant impact on the mechanical performance of asphalt concrete, but its domination gradually increases with the intensification of cyclic effects.
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
(2024)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Lili Kan, Lan-qing Dai, Ning Kong, Bin Peng, Fei Wang
Summary: This paper investigates the effect of freezing and thawing cycles on the tensile behavior of cracked ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC). The results show that long-term freezing and thawing action deteriorates the cracking strength, tensile strength, tensile strain, and strain energy of cracked UHPC. On the other hand, the action of water generally favors the development of tensile properties of UHPC. The crack distribution tends to be unsaturated under freezing and thawing environment, and the re-hydration reaction is hindered. The pore structure near the crack varies under different environments.
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
(2024)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Xin Xiao, Jingwei Li, Qingke Meng, Xiangshan Hou, Yanhui Liu, Xujiang Wang, Wenlong Wang, Shengtao Lu, Yuzhong Li, Yanpeng Mao, Tong Li
Summary: Preparing gypsum-based self-leveling mortar (GSLM) using beta-hemihydrate gypsum and solid wastes-derived sulfoaluminate cement (WSAC) can improve the mechanical performance of the mortar, but phosphorus impurities can weaken the hydration speed and degree.
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
(2024)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Sihang Bao, Junzhen Di, Yanrong Dong, Ziqing Gao, Qing Gu, Yuanfang Zhao, Hongyu Zhai
Summary: Tailings dam break and leakage accidents pose a threat to the safety of people in mining areas and cause severe environmental pollution. This study focuses on solidifying tailing sand using microbial induced calcite precipitation (MICP) to improve strength and fix heavy metals. The curing time of MICP bio-cemented tailings is found to significantly impact the strength of tailings, while its effect on heavy metal fixation is minimal. The optimized MICP curing time is 10 days, resulting in improved strength and cementation of tailings particles.
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
(2024)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Ferhat Benmahiddine, Fares Bennai, Achraf Charaka, Ameur El Amine Hamami, Abdelkader Tahakourt, Rafik Belarbi
Summary: This paper studied the effects of hysteresis on the hygrothermal behavior at the building scale. Through laboratory validation and numerical simulations, it was found that hysteresis has a significant impact on the relative humidity and total heat fluxes in buildings, while it does not have a noticeable effect on temperature variations.
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
(2024)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
You Gao, Wei He, Xiayang Zhang, De'an Sun, Pei Li
Summary: This study determined the boundary line between the swelling and compression deformation zone in lateritic clay through wetting tests, and proposed a simple bimodal SWRC model. It also found that the existing strength model underestimated the tested values in the medium to high suction range, therefore a segmented strength equation was introduced for enhanced predictions of the strength properties of lateritic clay.
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
(2024)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Prabhath Ranjan Kumar Soda, Asheer Mogal, Kalyan Chakravarthy, Nikhil Thota, Nimish Bandaru, Sanjay Kumar Shukla, K. M. Mini
Summary: This study investigates the use of encapsulated bacteria to improve the self-healing ability of concrete. Through various tests, it is found that using 20% cement-coated alginate beads (CCAB) and 5% nanosilica (NS) can achieve optimal strength and healing. This research is significant for enhancing the durability of concrete.
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
(2024)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Shizhe Wang, Haiping Wu, Wen Yang, Wei Wang, Zhibo Zhu, Kun Nie, Luoxin Wang, Hua Wang, Jing Wu
Summary: In this study, photothermal-heat storage concrete (PHSC) was developed with excellent photothermal conversion performance and heat storage capacity. By absorbing and storing solar energy during the day and releasing it at night, PHSC can effectively reduce energy consumption in buildings.
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
(2024)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Robin Deb, Jialuo He, Geetika Mishra, Yaghoob (Amir) Farnam
Summary: Incorporation techniques of phase change materials in cementitious composites have a significant influence on thermal properties. This study investigated the thermal behavior of low-temperature PCM when subjected to varying temperature change rates and pore confinement inside the porous network of lightweight aggregates. The results showed that ramp rates affect the nucleation and crystallization growth process during the phase transition, and the pore structure of the aggregates affects the supercooling phenomenon and confinement pressure of the PCM.
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
(2024)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Eduardo Ferreira, Payam Sotoudeh, Dagmar Svecova
Summary: This study investigates the fatigue behavior of concrete under different stress reversal conditions. The results indicate that stress reversal generally causes more severe damage and reduces the cycles to failure compared to tensile fatigue. Additionally, adding some level of compression contributes to the energy required for failure under stress reversal fatigue. Specimens with higher concentration of fractured aggregates achieve longer fatigue lives.
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
(2024)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Mag Raj Gehlot, Sandeep Shrivastava
Summary: This study evaluates the compatibility relationship between plaster bonds and the substrate under an accelerated aging environment, and finds that incorporating an appropriate amount of granite cutting waste can improve the strength parameters and adhesion of the cement mortar.
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
(2024)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Min Zhang, Qirui Luo, Mingke Deng, Shixing Zhao
Summary: This study investigated the bond behavior between carbon FRCM composites with added short fibers and concrete substrates. The effects of different factors were considered and 36 specimens were tested and discussed. The experimental results were analyzed in terms of failure mode, load-slip curve, and characteristic parameters, and the contribution of weft yarns was taken into account in the developed bondslip model.
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
(2024)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Dengkai Liu, Hongniao Chen, Ray Kai Leung Su
Summary: The susceptibility of building stones to fire and high temperature was investigated in this study by examining their physical and mechanical properties. The results show that both compressive and tensile properties of stones are affected by temperature changes. The tensile strength is particularly sensitive to temperature changes, requiring special attention to the components subjected to tensile stress in stone buildings. Principal component analysis was used to predict the mechanical properties of stones, providing a new method for calculating the residual mechanical properties after high temperature or fire.
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
(2024)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Joso Maria Raposo, Eduardo Cavaco, Luis Costa Neves, Eduardo Julio
Summary: This paper investigates the correlation between the friction coefficient and the surface roughness of concrete-to-concrete interfaces. Experimental tests were performed on specimens with different surface treatments, and the surface roughness parameters were analyzed and correlated with the shear strength and friction coefficient. The results showed that certain roughness parameters had a strong positive correlation with the friction coefficient, while others had little or no correlation. A novel combined roughness parameter with optimized correlation was proposed.
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
(2024)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Chiara Riccardi, Massimo Losa
Summary: The interest in using bio materials in asphalt pavements is growing due to economic reasons and environmental benefits. This study aimed to review the use of bio extenders as additives in binders, with a focus on replacements greater than 20% of fossil binder. The properties of bio-extended binders were found to vary substantially depending on the biomass source and production process.
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
(2024)
