Article
Neurosciences
Minyoung Lee, Eun-Jin Kim, Min-Jee Kim, Mi-Sun Yum, Jeonghun Yeom, Kyunggon Kim
Summary: This study explores a treatment strategy for intractable epilepsy caused by malformation of cortical development (MCD) using an infant rat model. The results show significant downregulation of the synaptogenesis signaling pathway in the cortex of MCD rats. Pre-treatment with recombinant human insulin-growth factor-1 (rhIGF-1) delays the onset and reduces the number of spasms induced by N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA). Additionally, rhIGF1 pre-treatment leads to changes in cortical levels of glutathione (GSH), phosphocreatine (PCr), and total creatine (tCr), and upregulates the expression of cortical synaptic proteins.
MOLECULAR NEUROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Yi Cao, Chongyang Sun, Jianyu Huang, Peng Sun, Lulu Wang, Shuyu He, Jianxiang Liao, Zhonghua Lu, Yi Lu, Cheng Zhong
Summary: Temporal lobe epilepsy impairs risk assessment, and this can be attributed to the imbalance of glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons. Neuronal loss and reorganization also contribute to the impairment of risk assessment. Understanding these mechanisms could lead to improved treatment strategies for epilepsy patients.
FRONTIERS IN MOLECULAR NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yangxun Liu, Weinan Liu, Huihong Liao, Hasier Ashan, Wenhua Zhou, Cangsu Xu
Summary: This study investigated the burning characteristics of ethanol/acetone/ethyl acetate mixed fuels and reduced a detailed chemical mechanism to a skeletal mechanism. The results showed that the burning velocities of the mixed fuels were affected by the contents of different components, and the key reaction path of ethyl acetate was retained in the skeletal mechanism.
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Antoine Besnard, Amar Sahay
Summary: Enhancing adult hippocampal neurogenesis through genetic means has been shown to promote contextual fear discrimination by increasing c-Fos expression in specific subfields of the hippocampus. Additionally, activation of somatostatin expressing neurons in the dorsolateral septum indicates their role in calibrating defensive behavior, providing insights into how this genetic enhancement affects hippocampal-dorsolateral septal circuits.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Katharina Schoenhoff, Eva-Lotta Von Rueden, Ines Koska, Isabel Seiffert, Heidrun Potschka
Summary: Clinical data support the impact of serotonergic signaling on seizure susceptibility and epilepsy-associated psychiatric comorbidities. However, the study on rat models did not find widespread or pronounced alterations in 5-HT1A receptor expression in the brain, suggesting that changes in in-vivo receptor binding may be attributed to a reduction in extracellular serotonin concentrations. Correlation analysis indicates a possible link between 5-HT1A receptor expression and seizure-related parameters, warranting further investigation in other models and species.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Christopher S. Graffeo, Lea Scherschinski, Visish M. Srinivasan, Jacob F. Baranoski, Felipe C. Albuquerque, Michael T. Lawton
Summary: This video demonstrates a complete resection of a complex, high-grade AVM involving the entire corpus callosum. The surgery was performed using a bifrontal craniotomy and anterior interhemispheric approach, with sequential cauterization and division of arterial feeders. The resection technique achieved a gross total AVM resection.
OPERATIVE NEUROSURGERY
(2023)
Article
Surgery
Ilker Kocak, Ozan Gokler
Summary: The study demonstrated that the modified tongue-in-groove technique (auto-septal projection graft) is an effective method in maintaining tip projection and rotation in rhinoplasty, serving as a safe approach to correcting droopy nasal tip in selected cases.
AESTHETIC PLASTIC SURGERY
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Stephanie M. Perez, Alexandra M. McCoy, Thomas D. Prevot, Md Yeunus Mian, Flavia R. Carreno, Alan Frazer, James M. Cook, Etienne Sibille, Daniel J. Lodge
Summary: This study found that modulating a5-GABAA receptors can regulate dopamine neuron activity, providing new evidence for the treatment of psychosis and other psychiatric diseases.
BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY: GLOBAL OPEN SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Harshit Gupta, Omkejan J. Teerling, Jeroen A. van Oijen
Summary: This study investigates how the choice of progress variable in tabulated chemistry affects the mass burning rates of premixed laminar flames. It is found that for Flamelet Generated Manifolds (FGM), the mass burning rate depends on the choice of progress variable and differs from detailed chemistry. Qualitatively, FGM predicts the effect of stretch on mass burning rate, but differences exist quantitatively. When projection is included in FGM applications, it becomes independent of progress variable choice and better represents the effects of stretch similar to detailed chemistry.
COMBUSTION THEORY AND MODELLING
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Natsuno Maeda, Saori Shimizu, Yasunori Takahashi, Reiji Kubota, Suzuka Uomoto, Keisuke Takesue, Kazumi Takashima, Hiromu Okano, Ryota Ojiro, Shunsuke Ozawa, Qian Tang, Meilan Jin, Yoshiaki Ikarashi, Toshinori Yoshida, Makoto Shibutani
Summary: The study found that developmental exposure to lead (Pb) during the young-adult stage suppresses hippocampal neurogenesis and leads to the accumulation of lead in the brain. The study also found that lead exposure induces oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, and activates specific cellular signals. Additionally, lead exposure increases the number of certain cell types, improving neurogenesis.
NEUROTOXICITY RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Pathology
Takanori Shiga, Yumiko Kamiya, Mitsuharu Ohkubo, Takashi Miyamoto, Yoko Kakinuma, Hideki Kayanuma, Takuma Aoki, Yoko Fujii, Naoyuki Aihara, Junichi Kamiie
Summary: Necropsy of a 52-day-old pig revealed multiple cardiac malformations, including structural inversions, valve misplacement, and defects. This combination of malformations has not been observed in animals before.
JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE PATHOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Magdalena Bialon, Agnieszka Wasik
Summary: Modeling mental illness, especially schizophrenia, is a major challenge for scientists. Animal models play a crucial role in understanding the disease, its causes, the mechanisms of antipsychotic drugs, and exploring new therapies. However, these models have limitations and do not fully represent the human disease state.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Y. Dobryakova, M. Yu Stepanichev, V. A. Markevich, A. P. Bolshakov
Summary: The role of cholinergic neurotransmission in the hippocampus is still debated, but recent studies indicate that septal cholinergic input could modulate the plasticity of CA3 to CA1 synapses. This study aimed to investigate the role of septal input in the development of long-term potentiation (LTP) in this synapse. The results showed that tetanization of the ventral hippocampal commissure (VHC) induced a larger increase in fEPSP amplitude compared to tetanization of the medial septal area (MSA). Elimination of septal cholinergic neurons abolished LTP development in both experimental series.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)