Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Rosalba Passalacqua, Salvatore Abate, Federica De Luca, Siglinda Perathoner, Gabriele Centi
Summary: The development of advanced materials with enhanced and unusual properties has been promoted by the increasing knowledge in nanoscience and materials technology. This study presents the results of investigations on composite semiconducting materials. The composites, prepared from different nitrogen precursors and thin films of TiO2 nanotubes, were characterized to understand the relation between photo-behavior and composition. The studied g-C3N4/TiNT heterojunctions showed enhanced photo-electrochemical properties and could be potentially used in H-2 production, solar-light-driven water splitting, and CO2 reduction applications.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Madhukar Somireddy, Aleksander Czekanski
Summary: Anisotropy poses challenges in the effective design of 3D printed structures, with computational material modeling offering insights into the final properties of parts printed with polymeric composite materials. The study found that computationally estimated material properties were higher than experimental values, and stress contours revealed potential failure types of printed parts, contributing to the advancement of computational design and analysis for 3D printed structures.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY-JMR&T
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Alexander Dijkshoorn, Martijn Schouten, Stefano Stramigioli, Gijs Krijnen
Summary: The research focuses on analytically modeling the electrical conduction of 3D-printed conductive structures, describing electrical properties as an electrical network and studying meandering and open-ended traxels. The model equations are solved to determine voltage, current density, and power dissipation density, while three dimensionless numbers are introduced for verification and analysis, allowing for modeling of conductive behavior based on dimensionless properties.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Madhukar Somireddy, Aleksander Czekanski, Sundar Atre
Summary: The article discusses the failure behavior and modeling methods of 3D printed composite parts, proposing two different computational methodologies. The first method simulates idealistic nonlinear behavior, while the second method simulates more accurate nonlinear behavior.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2022)
Article
Business
Adriana Burlea-Schiopoiu, Dragos Alexandru Balan
Summary: This study empirically demonstrates that corporate reputation should be interpreted as a reflective construct that can be measured by 25 items, and validates a medium-to-high impact on customers' loyalty, word-of-mouth, and adoption of new product or service introductions. It provides executive management with an actionable tool to address corporate issues, proving that companies can shorten the path to purchase through reputation without incurring high costs.
CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Branko Necemer, Jernej Klemenc, Franc Zupanic, Srecko Glodez
Summary: This study presents experimental and computational analysis for determining the fatigue life of auxetic cellular structures made of aluminum alloys. The strain life approach was applied in the ANSYS software for fatigue life calculation. The obtained experimental results were evaluated using comprehensive statistical analysis and presented as fatigue-life curves. The proposed computational model was validated based on the reasonable agreement between computational and experimental results, and can be further used for fatigue studies of various auxetic structures made of Al-alloys.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE
(2022)
Review
Biology
Hannes Rusch
Summary: Microeconomic modelling offers a powerful formal toolbox for analyzing real-world intergroup relations and conflicts. It consists of two important classes of models: one examines individuals' valuations and preferences for resource distribution within groups, while the other uses game theoretical methods to study strategic interactions between groups.
PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Angela Perez-Benito, Carla Huerta-Lopez, Jorge Alegre-Cebollada, Jose Manuel Garcia-Aznar, Silvia Hervas-Raluy
Summary: Protein-based hydrogels are extensively studied in biomaterials research due to their ability to mimic living tissues and the extracellular matrix. However, methods for controlling their mechanical properties are limited, mainly focusing on elasticity and often with unrealistic characterization. This study develops a computational model to characterize the mechanical behavior of two protein-based hydrogels and compares it with experimental results. The model utilizes the Finite Element Method, combining hyperelastic and viscoelastic models, and the first order Ogden model with a viscoelastic model defined in Prony parameters performs the best in reproducing the observed strain-stress response and stiffness change.
JOURNAL OF THE MECHANICAL BEHAVIOR OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Mechanics
F. Cannizzaro, B. Panto, S. Caddemi, I Calio
Summary: This paper presents a new macro-element model for simulating the interaction between masonry structures and Externally Bonded Composite (EBC) layers. The proposed model can provide a reliable simulation of EBC layer applications while maintaining a low computational burden. Experimental and numerical tests are used to validate the new macro-modelling approach.
COMPOSITE STRUCTURES
(2023)
Article
Biology
Xinyu Cai, Jingliang Dong, Liam Milton-McGurk, Ann Lee, Zhiwei Shen, Hak-Kim Chan, Agisilaos Kourmatzis, Shaokoon Cheng
Summary: The study uses computational fluid dynamics to investigate the impact of inhaler resistance on particle deposition characteristics in an anatomically realistic human oropharynx and USP throat models. Results show that higher inhaler resistance leads to significant changes in flow dynamics in the oropharynx, affecting particle deposition beyond the oral cavity, which is not observed in the USP throat model. The study suggests that the complex interaction between inhaler resistance and pharynx geometry influences local pressure, velocity variation, and kinetic energy profiles in the airway.
COMPUTERS IN BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
Nikita Letov, Yaoyao Fiona Zhao
Summary: Geometric modelling is crucial in the design process, and additive manufacturing has enhanced design freedom. However, the modelling of heterogeneous lattice structures is still limited. This study proposes a novel approach using mathematical functions to control geometric parameters and addresses the limitations of existing methods.
JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL DESIGN AND ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Patricia L. Lockwood, Miriam C. Klein-Fluegge
Summary: Social neuroscience focuses on the neural systems underlying social cognition and behavior, with researchers using computational models and neuroimaging to connect social computations with the brain. Inspired by reinforcement learning theory, studies have been conducted on the neural basis of prosocial learning, observational learning, mentalizing, and impression formation. This field addresses both theoretical and practical issues related to the implementation of these models, with specific examples from the field.
SOCIAL COGNITIVE AND AFFECTIVE NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Tashfeen Muhammad Hammad Ud Din, Miriam A. Byrne, James A. McGrath
Summary: Radioactive aerosols released during accidents can travel long distances and pose health risks to humans. Current indoor aerosol behavior modeling approaches do not consider the self-charging nature of radioactive aerosols and their effect on aerosol deposition. This study used multi-zone modeling to simulate aerosol concentrations in individual rooms of different dwellings, considering different aerosol particle sizes, plume types, and airflow conditions. The results showed that charged aerosols had lower concentrations compared to uncharged aerosols, indicating enhanced deposition due to particle charge. These findings highlight the importance of considering charged-enhanced aerosol deposition when assessing the benefits of sheltering in buildings during nuclear accidents.
ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Mechanics
Xing-Yuan Miao, Renchao Lu, Xiao Chen
Summary: This study investigates the fracture behavior of sandwich structures with foam core slits using the phase-field method to simulate the complex fracture process. It is found that structures with resin-filled slits exhibit better fracture resistance and ductility. The study also examines the effects of the number of slits, slit spacing, and foam core density on load-carrying capacity and fracture resistance.
COMPOSITE STRUCTURES
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
John Saunders, Maria Lissner, David Townsend, Nik Petrinic, Jeroen Bergmann
Summary: Ethylene-Vinyl Acetate (EVA) is commonly used for manufacturing mouthguards, but it has some issues. This study compares the energy dissipation of EVA with 3D printed materials under different strain rates, and finds that some 3D printed materials outperform EVA in medium and high strain rate testing. The research shows that additive manufacturing offers a viable method for manufacturing mouthguards.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Proceedings Paper
Polymer Science
Angela Russo, Federica Russo, Concetta Palumbo, Aniello Riccio
Summary: This paper investigates the fatigue failure of composite coupons with circular holes under tensile cyclic loading conditions. A limited sensitivity analysis is conducted to examine the initiation and propagation of intralaminar damages, including fibers and matrix failures. The proposed residual strength material degradation model by Shokrieh and Lessard is implemented in the FEM code ANSYS Mechanical, enabling the study of damages caused by stress concentrations and the assessment of the effects of stacking sequence and geometrical parameters on fatigue damage.
MACROMOLECULAR SYMPOSIA
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Aniello Riccio, Andrea Sellitto, Antonio Garofano, Giancarlo Ingenito, Mauro Zarrelli
Summary: This study aims to investigate the mechanical behavior of a repaired aeronautical composite stiffened panel subjected to compressive loading conditions through numerical and experimental methods. Finite element models were introduced in the ABAQUS FEM environment to simulate the mechanical behavior of the repaired panel. Experimental testing was also performed on the repaired panel to validate the numerical models. The validated numerical model was then used to analyze the compressive behavior of repaired stiffened panels with different patch stacking sequences and sizes to assess their influence on the panel's mechanical behavior.
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Angela Russo, Aniello Riccio, Concetta Palumbo, Andrea Sellitto
Summary: This work aims to develop a robust and efficient computational tool to simulate fatigue-driven delamination in complex composite structures. The main objective is to exploit the mesh and load independency peculiarities of the SMart-time XB procedure to develop a Paris Law-based module for delamination growth simulation. The tool has been validated at the coupon level and shown promising results in simulating fatigue-driven delamination in complex structures.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Valerio Acanfora, Mauro Zarrelli, Aniello Riccio
Summary: This paper presents a numerical/experimental study on a new effective shock absorber concept achieved through Additive Manufacturing technology. The study compares different shock absorber configurations and demonstrates that sandwich structures made with polypropylene and carbon fiber reinforced polymers exhibit better overall crashworthiness performance. The numerical results are prelimary validated through experimental tests.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMPACT ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Aerospace
Valerio Acanfora, Andrea Sellitto, Angela Russo, Mauro Zarrelli, Aniello Riccio
Summary: This study analyzes the feasibility of achieving significant weight reduction in sandwich panels using a new manufacturing approach. By appropriately setting the infill value in the printing process, the sandwich structures can be lightened by up to 28% without compromising their mechanical performance, and their energy absorption characteristics can be improved.
AEROSPACE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Angela Russo, Concetta Palumbo, Aniello Riccio
Summary: The fatigue behavior of composite materials is a challenging issue. Numerical methodologies have been developed to simulate delamination propagation due to fatigue, but material degradation caused by cyclic load is often overlooked. This study aimed to investigate the influence of material property degradation and intralaminar damages on delamination propagation in composite laminates under fatigue loads. A numerical tool FT-SMXB, incorporating the Paris Law and virtual crack closure technique, was used to simulate fatigue-driven delamination. The effects of matrix damages and strength degradation on delamination were observed in a typical aeronautical stiffened panel.
FATIGUE & FRACTURE OF ENGINEERING MATERIALS & STRUCTURES
(2023)
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
Alessandro De Luca, Donato Perfetto, Antonio Polverino, Aldo Minardo, Francesco Caputo
Summary: This study presents a new automatic diagnosis framework based on the propagation of ultrasonic guided waves (UGW) for fault detection and localization in thin-walled structures. A fully automated damage identification algorithm is developed using numerical dataset obtained by finite element simulations and validated experimentally. The algorithm is capable of detecting damages located inside and outside the sensors network, as well as close to the panel edges.
SMART MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES
(2023)
Article
Polymer Science
Ferdinando Baldieri, Emanuele Martelli, Aniello Riccio
Summary: This study investigates the behavior of a cylindrical skirt under internal pressure load and axial thrust, and compares the performance between a standard steel skirt for aeronautics purposes and a carbon-fiber-reinforced composite skirt. The composite layup is modeled using classical laminate theory, and Hashin's failure criteria is adopted to check the integrity of the composite layers. Linearized buckling methods are used to assess the buckling behavior of the skirt.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Nima Rezazadeh, Mario de Oliveira, Donato Perfetto, Alessandro De Luca, Francesco Caputo
Summary: This article presents a method for classifying faults in rotating systems, specifically unbalancing and shaft bow. By creating a data set through simulation and employing the uncertainty concept, the wavelet time scattering technique is used to extract low-variance representations from signals. The effectiveness of the suggested method is demonstrated by training and testing with a long short-term memory network and a support vector machine model.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Aniello Riccio, Rossana Castaldo, Concetta Palumbo, Angela Russo
Summary: The instability of structures due to compression is a critical issue for aircraft components, especially in composite materials. Delamination can significantly reduce the stiffness of the structures and cause catastrophic compression instability. Low-velocity impact with foreign objects is a common event in the operational life of composite aircraft components and a primary reason for delamination. This paper presents a sensitivity analysis on a reinforced panel with a circular delamination to evaluate the evolution of buckling load and interlaminar damage propagation.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Maria Grazia Lourdes Monaco, Lorenzo Fiori, Agnese Marchesi, Mariarosaria Muoio, Elpidio Maria Garzillo, Francesco Caputo, Nadia Miraglia, Monica Lamberti, Alessio Silvetti, Francesco Draicchio
Summary: This research aims to introduce new methodologies for the quantitative risk evaluation of biomechanical risk by combining surface electromyography with a motion acquisition system. A field study was conducted in collaboration with Fiat Chrysler Automobiles Italy S.p.A. at an automotive assembly line workstation. The results demonstrated the feasibility and usefulness of the combined use of kinematic and electromyography technologies to assess biomechanical overload in production lines.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
G. Lamanna, A. De Luca, F. Marzocchella, F. Di Caprio, M. Belardo, L. Di Palma, F. Caputo
Summary: Bird strike event is one of the critical loads to be considered during the design phase to ensure flight safety, especially on the wing leading edge component. A numerical tendency analysis on the leading edge of a new concept of Tiltrotor has been carried out using a verified Finite Element (FE) modelling technique to support its design and determine the optimal thickness to strength ratio for crashworthiness requirements.
FORCES IN MECHANICS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Donato Perfetto, Nima Rezazadeh, Antonio Aversano, Alessandro De Luca, Giuseppe Lamanna
Summary: This research investigates the efficacy of machine learning models in discerning damage location and size in structural health monitoring systems. The experimental results demonstrate that the optimized ensemble classifier performs the most accurately in damage location classification, while the Ensemble-Subspace K-Nearest Neighbors excels in damage size classification. This method offers accurate and efficient damage diagnosis and classification in composite structures, with promising potential applications in various engineering sectors.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Keyu Zhu, Xitao Zheng, Jing Peng, Jiaming Sun, Ruilin Huang, Leilei Yan
Summary: This paper discusses the influence of multiple impacts on the compression strength of honeycomb sandwich structures with composite face sheets. It is found that the size of the impactor affects the turning point of the compression strength. Additionally, high impact energy leads to damage in the bottom face sheet and reduces the overall compression strength.
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Danqian Wang, Yanfei Yue, Jueshi Qian
Summary: Magnesium Potassium Phosphate Cement (MKPC) as a binder for steel rebars shows improved corrosion resistance when subjected to carbonation, due to the increase in pH and the formation of a more protective oxide film.
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Zhibin Li, Wenyu Wang, Pengcheng Xue, Xingyu Wei, Jian Xiong
Summary: This work proposes a design approach and manufacturing method for carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) corrugated sandwich truncated cones (CSTC) to improve their anti-debonding ability and ensure reliability. The study establishes theoretical models for CSTCs' stiffness and failure modes, which are verified through experiments and finite element analysis (FEA). The research reveals the effect of geometric parameters on failure modes and performs an optimal design for CSTC structures. The findings have significant implications for the design and application of lightweight CSTCs in constructions, such as launch vehicle adapters.
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Mingyu Zhang, Lei Chu, Jiahua Chen, Fuxun Qi, Xiaoyan Li, Xinliang Chen, Deng-Guang Yu
Summary: This review summarizes the different structures and construction methods of fibrous membranes with asymmetric wettability. It also reviews the biological applications of these membranes and suggests future challenges.
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
E. Mofakhami, L. Gervat, B. Fayolle, G. Miquelard-Garnier, C. Ovalle, L. Laiarinandrasana
Summary: This study investigates the effects of fibre concentration on the mechanical response of welded glass-fibre-reinforced polypropylene (GF-PP). Experimental observations reveal a significant reduction in weld ratio, up to 60%, indicating a decreased strength compared to the bulk material. Increasing fibre content in the welded material results in a decrease in stress at break and strain at the maximum stress. The use of DIC technique and X-ray microtomography further confirms the localized strain amplification in the welded zone due to the significant increase in fibre density.
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Emad Pourahmadi, Farjad Shadmehri, Rajamohan Ganesan
Summary: This research compares the mechanical properties of laminates manufactured using automated fiber placement and conventional autoclave curing methods. The results show that laminates manufactured using automated fiber placement have a lower interlaminar shear strength compared to laminates reconsolidated using autoclave curing. A finite element simulation method is proposed to quantitatively analyze these differences.
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Johnny Jakobsen, Benny Endelt, Fahimeh Shakibapour
Summary: This study proposes a new bolted/pinned joining method for composite applications, which improves load transfer by introducing a patch-type reinforcement. Experimental results demonstrate significant improvements in both static and fatigue load conditions compared to existing methods. Finite element simulations highlight the advantage of this method, as it creates a more efficient load-transferring mechanism through different stress distributions.
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Gisele G. Cintra, Janine D. Vieira, Daniel C. T. Cardoso, Thomas Keller
Summary: This paper proposes a novel approach to assess multi-crack behavior in layered fiber-polymer composites. The generated Compliance and R-curves provide useful insights into understanding the multiple delamination process and allow for separate evaluation of strain energy release rate (SERR) for each crack. The developed cohesive zone model successfully simulates the failure process zone of three parallel cracks, showing good agreement between the numerical model and experimental results.
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Renil Thomas Kidangan, Sreedhar Unnikrishnakurup, C. Krishnamurthy, Krishnan Balasubramaniam
Summary: The induction heating process can accurately identify fiber orientation and stacking order, making it a valuable tool for large-area inspection and quality control in manufacturing fiber-reinforced composites.
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Sungjun Hwang, Yousoo Han, Douglas J. Gardner
Summary: Bleached Kraft pulp, unbleached Kraft pulp, and old corrugated cardboard pulp are suitable for producing cellulose nanofibril suspensions. Spray drying is a fast, simple, cost-effective, and scalable drying method. Spray-dried cellulose nanofibrils can be used as reinforcing materials in polypropylene matrices. The particle size of cellulose nanofibrils affects the material properties.
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Mehdi Mahdavi, Abbas Zolfaghari
Summary: This study aims to improve the recovery forces of shape memory polymers (SMPs) through material extrusion additive manufacturing. By using glass fiber (GF) as reinforcement and manufacturing multi-layer composite specimens, it was found that PLA with 6.62% GF exhibited the best recovery force, which was further optimized through annealing heat treatment.
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
(2024)
Review
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Xiang Ao, Antonio Vazquez-Lopez, Davide Mocerino, Carlos Gonzalez, De-Yi Wang
Summary: The vulnerability of natural fibers to heat and fire poses a significant challenge for their substitution of traditional fiber reinforcements in composite materials. Natural fiber/polymer composites (NFCs) are regarded as potential candidates for engineering applications due to their environmental friendliness and low-impact sourcing. Thus, appropriate approaches need to be implemented to enhance the fire safety of NFCs. This review summarizes and discusses the latest understanding of flammability and thermal properties of natural fibers, with a special focus on their interaction with polymer matrix in fire behavior. Additionally, the latest developments in flame-retardant approaches for NFCs are reviewed, covering both flame retardancy and fire structural integrity. Finally, future prospects and perspectives on fire safety of NFCs are proposed, providing insights into further advancements of NFCs.
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Cheng Wang, Siqi Huo, Guofeng Ye, Bingtao Wang, Zhenghong Guo, Qi Zhang, Pingan Song, Hao Wang, Zhitian Liu
Summary: The demand for multifunctional, transparent epoxy resin with superior dielectric, mechanical, and fire-safety performances is increasing in modern industries. Researchers have developed an epoxidized, phosphaphenanthrene-containing poly(styrene butadiene styrene) (ESD) for advanced fire-safe epoxy resin, which maintains high transparency and improves UV-blocking property. The addition of 10 wt% ESD results in improved mechanical properties, decreased dielectric constant and loss, and outperformance compared to other fire-safe epoxy resins. This research provides an effective method for developing multifunctional flame-retardant epoxy resin.
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Bo Pang, Heping Zheng, Zuquan Jin, Dongshuai Hou, Yunsheng Zhang, Xiaoyun Song, Yanan Sun, Zhiyong Liu, Wei She, Lin Yang, Mengyuan Li
Summary: This study develops an internal superhydrophobic material (ISM) using waste denitrification fly ash, which maintains stable hydrophobicity under harsh conditions of use and does not rely on expensive fluor-based surface modifications. The synthesized ISM has excellent matrix strength, strong waterproof properties, and retains superhydrophobicity even at damaged or friction interfaces.
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Meirbek Mussatayev, Qiuji Yi, Mark Fitzgerald, Vincent K. Maes, Paul Wilcox, Robert Hughes
Summary: Real-time monitoring of carbon fibre composites during Automated Fibre Placement (AFP) manufacturing remains a challenge for non-destructive evaluation (NDE) techniques. This study designed a directional eddy-current (EC) probe to evaluate the detectability of out-of-plane wrinkles. Experimental evaluations and finite element modeling were conducted to better understand the relationship between eddy-current density and defect detection. The findings suggest that the probe configuration with an asymmetric driver coil and differential pickup coils shows the best capability for wrinkle detection.
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
(2024)
