Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Mohd Faizal Hasan, Muhammad Syaraffi Omar, Mohamad Azri Sukiran, Bemgba Bevan Nyakuma, Mohd Farid Muhamad Said
Summary: This study investigates the effects of torrefaction on the physical and physicochemical properties as well as thermal stability of fibrous empty fruit bunch (EFB). The results show that the torrefaction temperature is a dominant parameter, and an increase in temperature improves the characteristics of EFB, especially at a temperature of 300 degrees C. Additionally, significant changes in the EFB's surface, microstructure, crystallographic structure, and functional groups were observed during torrefaction.
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Moushmi S. Chakraborty, Arvind M. Lali
Summary: This study utilized a two-step acid-alkali treatment to extract lignin from empty palm fruit bunch and break it down into monomers, achieving an 80% conversion rate. Through fractionation, 37% of the overall lignin was obtained as monomeric compounds.
INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS
(2021)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Hironaga Akita, Mohd Zulkhairi Mohd Yusoff, Shinji Fujimoto
Summary: The study focused on preparing hydrolysate from OPEFB through hydrothermal treatment, with hemicellulose yield decreasing from 153 mg/g-OPEFB to 27.5 mg/g-OPEFB as the temperature increased from 180 to 200 degrees C. The highest glucose yield was obtained from the enzyme-treated solid phase after hydrothermal treatment at 200 degrees C.
FERMENTATION-BASEL
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Kanogwan Tohdee, Suthicha Mukjinda, Surat Semmad, Apiniti Jotisankasa, Piyasan Praserthdam, Bunjerd Jongsomjit
Summary: This study examined the application of solid-acid heterogeneous catalysts derived from diatomaceous earth (DE), empty fruit branch (EFB), and montmorillonite (MMT) for esterification reactions. The modified catalysts were analyzed to determine their physical and chemical characteristics. It was found that DE-AC and W/MMT showed high potential as solid acid catalysts for the synthesis of ethyl lactate.
JOURNAL OF THE TAIWAN INSTITUTE OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERS
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Tat-Ming Lo, In Young Hwang, Han-Saem Cho, Raissa Eka Fedora, Si Hui Chng, Won Jae Choi, Matthew Wook Chang
Summary: This study successfully engineered microbial hosts to directly utilize OPEFB lignin mixtures to produce commodity chemicals, demonstrating a simple one-pot biosynthesis approach that utilizes derivatives of agricultural waste.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Kinanthi Mondylaksita, Jorge A. Ferreira, Wiratni Budhijanto, Claes Niklasson, Mohammad J. Taherzadeh, Ria Millati
Summary: The study demonstrates that high yields of volatile fatty acids can be obtained through fermentation of oil palm empty fruit bunch pretreatment products under conditions that inhibit methanogenesis, especially in a medium containing a mixture of glucan-rich and hemicellulosic compounds-rich fractions.
FERMENTATION-BASEL
(2021)
Article
Agronomy
Nurul Aini Puasa, Siti Aqlima Ahmad, Nur Nadhirah Zakaria, Noor Azmi Shaharuddin, Khalilah Abdul Khalil, Alyza Azzura Azmi, Claudio Gomez-Fuentes, Faradina Merican, Azham Zulkharnain, Yih-Yih Kok, Chiew-Yen Wong
Summary: Agricultural sorbents, such as oil palm's empty fruit bunch spikelets, are effective in removing oil spills from seawater pollution. The study investigated the effectiveness of EFB spikelets in a filter system and determined the best optimization approach for filtering conditions. The research demonstrated that the response surface methodology (RSM) is more efficient in oil removal compared to one-factor-at-a-time (OFAT) analysis.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Libertus Darus, Susana Susana, Halasan Sihombing, Amaliyah Rohsari Indah Utami, Maizirwan Mel
Summary: Utilizing PS pretreatment effectively removes lignin and hemicellulose from OPEFB, increasing cellulose content and enhancing enzymatic digestibility, providing a potential pathway towards economically feasible bioethanol production.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Thermodynamics
Mohamad Syazarudin Md Said, Atiyyah Ameenah Azni, Wan Azlina Wan Ab Karim Ghani, Azni Idris, Mohamad Fakri Zaky Ja'afar, Mohamad Amran Mohd Salleh
Summary: Biomass-derived biochar produced through microwave-assisted pyrolysis, particularly utilizing an alumina susceptor, at a temperature of 300 degrees Celsius, demonstrated optimal conditions for biochar production. Empty fruit bunch short fiber-derived biochar exhibited higher yield and better properties compared to pellet-derived biochar, with higher heating value, fixed carbon, volatile matter, and carbon content. However, the former also showed a tendency for slagging and fouling in the combustor due to high ash indexes.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Ebitei Sintei Nelson, Sunny Iyuke, Michael Olawale Daramola, Akindele Okewale
Summary: There is growing interest in the use of biomass waste for bio-based products, and Nigeria, with its abundant palm biomass, presents a potential source for such products. This study focused on extracting and characterizing silica from the ash of empty palm fruit bunches. The results indicate that the ash contains a significant amount of biogenic silica in its amorphous form. The extracted silica shows potential as a catalyst support, for the development of zeolite-based catalysts, and as an adsorbent.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Izzudin Ibrahim, Toshiki Tsubota, Mohd Ali Hassan, Yoshito Andou
Summary: The study focused on improving the surface functionalities of biochar through hydrothermal functionalization, which successfully enhanced its adsorption performance without affecting its surface area value. The results suggest a promising technology for industrial implementation, especially in palm oil mills.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Nurul Hanisah Mohd, Hanieh Kargazadeh, Manabu Miyamoto, Shigeyuki Uemiya, Nabhan Sharer, Azizah Baharum, Teh Lee Peng, Ishak Ahmad, Mohd Ambar Yarmo, Rizafizah Othaman
Summary: In this study, solid adsorbents were modified with aminating agents to improve CO2 capture efficiency amid severe climate change. The results showed that NCC modified with aminosilanes of different chain lengths and nitrogen content prior to aerogel fabrication led to enhanced pore formation, surface area, and CO2 sorption capacity. The aerogel modified with the shortest chain length aminosilane exhibited higher CO2 sorption, while the aerogel grafted with the intermediate chain length aminosilane demonstrated the best surface area properties and thermal stability.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY-JMR&T
(2021)
Article
Polymer Science
Jianlei Yang, Yern Chee Ching, Cheng Hock Chuah, Nai-Shang Liou
Summary: This study investigated the use of epoxidized palm oil or epoxidized soybean oil as modifiers in starch/oil palm empty fruit bunch-based bioplastic composites. It was found that low concentrations of epoxidized oils improved compatibility and thermal stability, leading to enhanced tensile strength, while high concentrations resulted in voids and phase separation. Epoxidized soybean oil showed better reinforcing effects compared to epoxidized palm oil.
Article
Materials Science, Paper & Wood
Nursia Hassan, Tan Li Wen, Amirah Khairina Khairil Anwar, Ani Idris
Summary: The research showed that using ferric chloride ionic solution to pretreat oil palm empty fruit bunch with microwave irradiation can significantly increase the total reducing sugar yield. The optimal pretreatment conditions were found to be 10 minutes, 100 degrees Celsius, and 10% ferric chloride concentration. This pretreatment method is a promising alternative to replace other pretreatment methods.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Chanakan Thirametoakkhara, Yi-Cheng Hong, Nuttapol Lerkkasemsan, Jian-Mao Shih, Chien-Yen Chen, Wen-Chien Lee
Summary: This study demonstrates the potential of endoxylanases from alkaliphilic Bacillus halodurans for producing xylooligosaccharides (XOS) from oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) under high pH conditions. The combined use of Xyn45 and Xyn23 endoxylanases resulted in a higher yield of XOS, showing a synergistic effect.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Norazwani Muhammad Zain, Sahrim Hj Ahmad, Ernie Suzana Ali
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADHESION AND ADHESIVES
(2014)
Article
Polymer Science
Norazwani Muhammad Zain, Sahrim Hj Ahmad, Ernie Suzana Ali
JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
(2014)
Article
Polymer Science
Syazana Ahmad Zubir, Norshahli Mat Saad, Farah Wahida Harun, Ernie Suzana Ali, Sahrim Ahmad
POLYMERS FOR ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES
(2018)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Nur Izzah Atirah Mat Hussain, Noor Najmi Bonnia, Radin Siti Fazlina Nazrah Hirzin, Ernie Suzana Ali, Suzana Ratim
JURNAL TEKNOLOGI-SCIENCES & ENGINEERING
(2020)
Proceedings Paper
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
N. H. Trinh, N. A. Rasli, M. Jaafar, E. S. Ali, N. M. Zain, C. X. Viet, S. A. Zubir
MATERIALS TODAY-PROCEEDINGS
(2019)
Proceedings Paper
Chemistry, Applied
Muhammad Syukri Mohamad Misenan, Ernie Suzana Ali, Azwani Sofia Ahmad Khiar
RECENT ADVANCEMENT ON APPLIED PHYSICS, INDUSTRIAL CHEMISTRY AND CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY
(2018)
Proceedings Paper
Automation & Control Systems
Farah W. Harun, Enas A. Almadni, Ernie S. Ali
WORLD CONGRESS ON ENGINEERING AND COMPUTER SCIENCE, WCECS 2017, VOL II
(2017)
Proceedings Paper
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
J. N. Hasnidawani, H. N. Azlina, H. Norita, N. N. Bonnia, S. Ratim, E. S. Ali
5TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON RECENT ADVANCES IN MATERIALS, MINERALS AND ENVIRONMENT (RAMM) & 2ND INTERNATIONAL POSTGRADUATE CONFERENCE ON MATERIALS, MINERAL AND POLYMER (MAMIP)
(2016)
Proceedings Paper
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
N. N. Bonnia, M. S. Kamaruddin, M. H. Nawawi, S. Ratim, H. N. Azlina, E. S. Ali
5TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON RECENT ADVANCES IN MATERIALS, MINERALS AND ENVIRONMENT (RAMM) & 2ND INTERNATIONAL POSTGRADUATE CONFERENCE ON MATERIALS, MINERAL AND POLYMER (MAMIP)
(2016)
Proceedings Paper
Engineering, Chemical
Ernie Suzana Ali, Syazana Ahmad Zubir
2015 2ND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CHEMICAL AND MATERIAL ENGINEERING (ICCME 2015)
(2016)
Proceedings Paper
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Norazwani Muhammad Zain, Sahrim Hj Ahmad, Nor Azwin Ahad, Ernie Suzana Ali
ADVANCED MATERIALS CONFERENCE (AMC 2012)
(2014)
Proceedings Paper
Energy & Fuels
Syazana Ahmad Zubir, Sahrim Ahmad, Ernie Suzana Ali
ADVANCES IN ENERGY SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, PTS 1-4
(2013)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Keyu Zhu, Xitao Zheng, Jing Peng, Jiaming Sun, Ruilin Huang, Leilei Yan
Summary: This paper discusses the influence of multiple impacts on the compression strength of honeycomb sandwich structures with composite face sheets. It is found that the size of the impactor affects the turning point of the compression strength. Additionally, high impact energy leads to damage in the bottom face sheet and reduces the overall compression strength.
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Danqian Wang, Yanfei Yue, Jueshi Qian
Summary: Magnesium Potassium Phosphate Cement (MKPC) as a binder for steel rebars shows improved corrosion resistance when subjected to carbonation, due to the increase in pH and the formation of a more protective oxide film.
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Zhibin Li, Wenyu Wang, Pengcheng Xue, Xingyu Wei, Jian Xiong
Summary: This work proposes a design approach and manufacturing method for carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) corrugated sandwich truncated cones (CSTC) to improve their anti-debonding ability and ensure reliability. The study establishes theoretical models for CSTCs' stiffness and failure modes, which are verified through experiments and finite element analysis (FEA). The research reveals the effect of geometric parameters on failure modes and performs an optimal design for CSTC structures. The findings have significant implications for the design and application of lightweight CSTCs in constructions, such as launch vehicle adapters.
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Mingyu Zhang, Lei Chu, Jiahua Chen, Fuxun Qi, Xiaoyan Li, Xinliang Chen, Deng-Guang Yu
Summary: This review summarizes the different structures and construction methods of fibrous membranes with asymmetric wettability. It also reviews the biological applications of these membranes and suggests future challenges.
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
E. Mofakhami, L. Gervat, B. Fayolle, G. Miquelard-Garnier, C. Ovalle, L. Laiarinandrasana
Summary: This study investigates the effects of fibre concentration on the mechanical response of welded glass-fibre-reinforced polypropylene (GF-PP). Experimental observations reveal a significant reduction in weld ratio, up to 60%, indicating a decreased strength compared to the bulk material. Increasing fibre content in the welded material results in a decrease in stress at break and strain at the maximum stress. The use of DIC technique and X-ray microtomography further confirms the localized strain amplification in the welded zone due to the significant increase in fibre density.
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Emad Pourahmadi, Farjad Shadmehri, Rajamohan Ganesan
Summary: This research compares the mechanical properties of laminates manufactured using automated fiber placement and conventional autoclave curing methods. The results show that laminates manufactured using automated fiber placement have a lower interlaminar shear strength compared to laminates reconsolidated using autoclave curing. A finite element simulation method is proposed to quantitatively analyze these differences.
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Johnny Jakobsen, Benny Endelt, Fahimeh Shakibapour
Summary: This study proposes a new bolted/pinned joining method for composite applications, which improves load transfer by introducing a patch-type reinforcement. Experimental results demonstrate significant improvements in both static and fatigue load conditions compared to existing methods. Finite element simulations highlight the advantage of this method, as it creates a more efficient load-transferring mechanism through different stress distributions.
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Gisele G. Cintra, Janine D. Vieira, Daniel C. T. Cardoso, Thomas Keller
Summary: This paper proposes a novel approach to assess multi-crack behavior in layered fiber-polymer composites. The generated Compliance and R-curves provide useful insights into understanding the multiple delamination process and allow for separate evaluation of strain energy release rate (SERR) for each crack. The developed cohesive zone model successfully simulates the failure process zone of three parallel cracks, showing good agreement between the numerical model and experimental results.
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Renil Thomas Kidangan, Sreedhar Unnikrishnakurup, C. Krishnamurthy, Krishnan Balasubramaniam
Summary: The induction heating process can accurately identify fiber orientation and stacking order, making it a valuable tool for large-area inspection and quality control in manufacturing fiber-reinforced composites.
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Sungjun Hwang, Yousoo Han, Douglas J. Gardner
Summary: Bleached Kraft pulp, unbleached Kraft pulp, and old corrugated cardboard pulp are suitable for producing cellulose nanofibril suspensions. Spray drying is a fast, simple, cost-effective, and scalable drying method. Spray-dried cellulose nanofibrils can be used as reinforcing materials in polypropylene matrices. The particle size of cellulose nanofibrils affects the material properties.
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Mehdi Mahdavi, Abbas Zolfaghari
Summary: This study aims to improve the recovery forces of shape memory polymers (SMPs) through material extrusion additive manufacturing. By using glass fiber (GF) as reinforcement and manufacturing multi-layer composite specimens, it was found that PLA with 6.62% GF exhibited the best recovery force, which was further optimized through annealing heat treatment.
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
(2024)
Review
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Xiang Ao, Antonio Vazquez-Lopez, Davide Mocerino, Carlos Gonzalez, De-Yi Wang
Summary: The vulnerability of natural fibers to heat and fire poses a significant challenge for their substitution of traditional fiber reinforcements in composite materials. Natural fiber/polymer composites (NFCs) are regarded as potential candidates for engineering applications due to their environmental friendliness and low-impact sourcing. Thus, appropriate approaches need to be implemented to enhance the fire safety of NFCs. This review summarizes and discusses the latest understanding of flammability and thermal properties of natural fibers, with a special focus on their interaction with polymer matrix in fire behavior. Additionally, the latest developments in flame-retardant approaches for NFCs are reviewed, covering both flame retardancy and fire structural integrity. Finally, future prospects and perspectives on fire safety of NFCs are proposed, providing insights into further advancements of NFCs.
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Cheng Wang, Siqi Huo, Guofeng Ye, Bingtao Wang, Zhenghong Guo, Qi Zhang, Pingan Song, Hao Wang, Zhitian Liu
Summary: The demand for multifunctional, transparent epoxy resin with superior dielectric, mechanical, and fire-safety performances is increasing in modern industries. Researchers have developed an epoxidized, phosphaphenanthrene-containing poly(styrene butadiene styrene) (ESD) for advanced fire-safe epoxy resin, which maintains high transparency and improves UV-blocking property. The addition of 10 wt% ESD results in improved mechanical properties, decreased dielectric constant and loss, and outperformance compared to other fire-safe epoxy resins. This research provides an effective method for developing multifunctional flame-retardant epoxy resin.
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Bo Pang, Heping Zheng, Zuquan Jin, Dongshuai Hou, Yunsheng Zhang, Xiaoyun Song, Yanan Sun, Zhiyong Liu, Wei She, Lin Yang, Mengyuan Li
Summary: This study develops an internal superhydrophobic material (ISM) using waste denitrification fly ash, which maintains stable hydrophobicity under harsh conditions of use and does not rely on expensive fluor-based surface modifications. The synthesized ISM has excellent matrix strength, strong waterproof properties, and retains superhydrophobicity even at damaged or friction interfaces.
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Meirbek Mussatayev, Qiuji Yi, Mark Fitzgerald, Vincent K. Maes, Paul Wilcox, Robert Hughes
Summary: Real-time monitoring of carbon fibre composites during Automated Fibre Placement (AFP) manufacturing remains a challenge for non-destructive evaluation (NDE) techniques. This study designed a directional eddy-current (EC) probe to evaluate the detectability of out-of-plane wrinkles. Experimental evaluations and finite element modeling were conducted to better understand the relationship between eddy-current density and defect detection. The findings suggest that the probe configuration with an asymmetric driver coil and differential pickup coils shows the best capability for wrinkle detection.
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
(2024)