4.7 Article

Three dimensional orientation angle distribution counting and calculation for the mechanical properties of aligned carbon nanotube/epoxy composites

Journal

Publisher

ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.compositesa.2014.05.009

Keywords

Polymer-matrix composites (PMCs); Nanostructures; Mechanical properties; Carbon nanotubes

Funding

  1. Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) [24 . 5047]
  2. Japan Science and Technology Agency Advanced Low Carbon technical development program (ALCA)

Ask authors/readers for more resources

This paper presents effects of carbon nanotube (CNT) orientation angle distribution on elastic moduli of aligned CNT/epoxy composites that were fabricated with various volume fractions using hot-melt pre-preg method. Tensile testing was conducted to evaluate the composites' mechanical properties. The composites' Young's moduli increased with increasing CNT volume fraction. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed CNT orientation angle distribution data for the surface and through-thickness planes. The standard deviation of CNT orientation angle distribution was about 30 degrees for the surface, and 22.5 degrees for the through-thickness plane. The effective Young's modulus of CNT was estimated using the equivalent inclusion theory (Eshelby/Mori-Tanaka theory) incorporating a three-dimensional CNT orientation distribution function. The CNT Young's modulus was approximately 800 GPa, which agrees with reported theoretical and experimental values. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Authors

I am an author on this paper
Click your name to claim this paper and add it to your profile.

Reviews

Primary Rating

4.7
Not enough ratings

Secondary Ratings

Novelty
-
Significance
-
Scientific rigor
-
Rate this paper

Recommended

Article Engineering, Chemical

Effect of vacuum-ultraviolet irradiation in a nitrogen gas atmosphere on the adhesive bonding of carbon-fiber-reinforced polyphenylene sulfide composites

S. Kawasaki, Y. Ishida, T. Ogasawara

Summary: This study evaluated the effect of vacuum-ultraviolet (VUV) irradiation under a nitrogen atmosphere on the bonding strength of a carbon-fiber-reinforced polyphenylene sulfide. The results showed that VUV irradiation treatment improved adhesive strength and introduced oxygen-containing functional groups on the sample surface.

JOURNAL OF ADHESION (2022)

Article Mechanics

Effects of ply thickness and 0°-layer ratio on failure mechanism of open-hole and filled-hole tensile tests of thin-ply composite laminates

Ryoma Aoki, Ryo Higuchi, Tomohiro Yokozeki, Kazuyuki Aoki, Shigekazu Uchiyama, Toshio Ogasawara

Summary: Thin-ply technology offers more possibilities for composite structures, allowing for variations in ply thickness and laminate layup. This study investigated the effects of ply thickness and 0 degrees-layer ratio on the strength and damage behavior of thin-ply composite laminates, finding that thin-ply can reduce strength and a higher 0 degrees-layer ratio leads to increased strength with a transition to splitting-dominated failure. Additionally, finite element analysis indicated that fastener restraint can alleviate stress concentration, potentially impacting tensile strength.

COMPOSITE STRUCTURES (2022)

Article Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

Susceptibility to intergranular corrosion in sensitized austenitic stainless steel characterized via crystallographic characteristics of grain boundaries

Tomoyuki Fujii, Masanori Suzuki, Yoshinobu Shimamura

Summary: This study evaluated the crystallographic characteristics of grain boundaries to assess the susceptibility to intergranular corrosion. It was found that the energy of grain boundaries was the only variable able to characterize the susceptibility.

CORROSION SCIENCE (2022)

Article Engineering, Manufacturing

I-V characteristics and temperature response of unidirectional CFRP exposed to simulated lightning current in the fiber direction

Shintaro Kamiyama, Yoshiyasu Hirano, Takao Okada, Takeo Sonehara, Toshio Ogasawara

Summary: This study investigated the electrical and temperature response of unidirectional CFRP under simulated lightning current. The results showed that the electrical conductivity remained constant during lightning current increasing and matrix cracks and delamination occurred in a certain temperature range. It was also necessary to consider the formation energy of pyrolysis gas to estimate the temperature response.

COMPOSITES PART A-APPLIED SCIENCE AND MANUFACTURING (2022)

Article Engineering, Manufacturing

Application of machine learning for improved accuracy of simultaneous temperature and strain measurements of carbon fiber-reinforced plastic laminates using an embedded tilted fiber Bragg grating sensor

Mikiko Kikuchi, Toshio Ogasawara, Shunpei Fujii, Shin-ichi Takeda

Summary: This study examines the applicability of machine learning techniques for improving the accuracy of simultaneous temperature and strain measurement of TFBG sensors. The results show that using deep neural networks significantly improves the accuracy of temperature and strain measurement compared to conventional methods.

COMPOSITES PART A-APPLIED SCIENCE AND MANUFACTURING (2022)

Article Mechanics

In situ optical observation of damage and failure process in adhesively bonded CFRP joints under mixed-mode loading

Sota Oshima, Tomoisa Mikami, Akinori Yoshimura, Yoshiyasu Hirano, Toshio Ogasawara

Summary: In situ observation was used to study the effects of mode mixity on microscopic damage and failure process in adhesively bonded carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) joints. The results showed that the damage and failure process were significantly influenced by the mixed-mode ratio of joints. An increasing mode I component led to the whitening of the adhesive resin due to cavitation, whereas an increasing mode II component resulted in an increased plastic zone length. The observed damage and failure process correlated with the stress state around the crack tip obtained by finite element analysis.

COMPOSITE STRUCTURES (2023)

Article Materials Science, Composites

Effect of Annealing and Diameter on Tensile Property of Spinnable Carbon Nanotube and Unidirectional Carbon Nanotube Reinforced Epoxy Composite

Naoki Tokumitsu, Yoshinobu Shimamura, Tomoyuki Fujii, Yoku Inoue

Summary: Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are expected to have higher elastic modulus and strength than carbon fibers. However, recent studies have shown that the Young's modulus and tensile strength of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) are not as high as expected. Annealing and developing thinner MWNTs can improve the tensile property. This study investigates the effect of annealing and diameter on the overall tensile property of MWNTs.

JOURNAL OF COMPOSITES SCIENCE (2022)

Article Materials Science, Composites

Micromechanical Approach to Predict Mechanical Properties of Particulate-Dispersed Composites with Dissimilar Interfacial Phases

Tomoyuki Fujii, Keiichiro Tohgo, Takahiro Omi, Yoshinobu Shimamura

Summary: The study developed a technique based on a micromechanical approach to predict the mechanical properties of composites with interfacial phases. The double-inclusion model was effective in solving the problems, although the accuracy of calculating microscopic stresses of each phase was limited. The approach can be used to predict the mechanical properties of composites with different shapes of reinforcement surrounded by dissimilar materials in a matrix.

JOURNAL OF COMPOSITES SCIENCE (2022)

Article Engineering, Manufacturing

Raman spectroscopy used for estimating the effective elastic modulus of carbon nanotubes in aligned multi-walled carbon nanotubes/ epoxy composites under tensile loading

Ayaka Aoki, Toshio Ogasawara, Takuya Aoki, Yuichi Ishida, Yoshinobu Shimamura, Yoku Inoue

Summary: This study utilized polarized Raman spectroscopy to assess the strain in aligned multi-walled carbon nanotube/epoxy composites, aiming to clarify the effective elastic modulus of the carbon nanotubes. The Raman shift rate of the G' band of the carbon nanotubes was found to be 18.84 cm(-1)/% corresponding to the tensile strain of the composite specimen. Through Mori-Tanaka theory and consideration of the three-dimensional orientation distribution of the carbon nanotubes, the effective elastic modulus of the carbon nanotubes was estimated to be 400 GPa. The results demonstrated the utility of Raman spectroscopy in experimentally evaluating the effective elastic modulus of multi-walled carbon nanotubes in composites.

COMPOSITES PART A-APPLIED SCIENCE AND MANUFACTURING (2023)

Article Materials Science, Composites

Experimental evaluation of filled-hole compressive strengths of thin-ply carbon fiber / epoxy composite laminates

Toshio Ogasawara, Tomoisa Mikami, Kota Takamoto, Kenji Asakawa, Kazuyuki Aoki, Shigekazu Uchiyama, Sunao Sugimoto, Tomohiro Yokozeki

Summary: Through experiments, this study found that the ply thickness has an effect on the filled hole compression (FHC) strength. The FHC strength of quasi-isotropic (QI) laminates increased by 26-45% as the ply thickness decreased from 0.2 to 0.05 mm. The FHC strength was higher for QI laminates with a tightening torque of 7.0 Nm compared to 0 Nm. In addition, the FHC strength of thin-ply QI-CFRP (0.05 mm ply thickness) at a fastener tightening torque of 7 Nm was greater than the un-notched compressive (UNC) strength.

COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY (2023)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Nucleation of stress corrosion cracking in aluminum alloy 6061 in sodium chloride solution: Mechanical and microstructural aspects

Tomoyuki Fujii, Tatsuro Sawada, Yoshinobu Shimamura

Summary: This study aims to investigate the nucleation processes of transgranular stress corrosion cracking in aluminum alloy 6061-T651 immersed in NaCl solution. The corrosion phenomena were analyzed based on precipitates, the location and geometry of corrosion pits and cracks, and the crystal orientation where cracking occurred. The results showed that corrosion pits formed on a smooth surface, and stress corrosion cracks tended to originate from deeper pits with high stress/strain concentration along the {1 1 2} crystal plane.

JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS (2023)

Article Physics, Applied

Evaluation of the effect of diameter of multi-walled carbon nanotube on the tensile strength using sonication-induced fragmentation

Yoshinobu Shimamura, Tomoyuki Fujii, Po-Wei Su, Yoku Inoue

Summary: Ultrasonication is a simple method for cutting carbon nanotubes in suspension, resulting in shortened fragmented nanotubes. The length of the fragmented nanotubes approaches a critical aspect ratio determined by the tensile strength of the nanotube, solvent viscosity, and physical properties of the cavitation bubbles produced. This study evaluated the tensile strength of multi-walled carbon nanotubes with different diameters using sonication-induced fragmentation and confirmed a strong dependence on diameter.

MODERN PHYSICS LETTERS B (2023)

Article Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

Machine learning algorithms for deeper understanding and better design of composite adhesive joints

Isaiah Kaiser, Natalie Richards, Toshio Ogasawara, K. T. Tan

Summary: In this study, machine learning is used to investigate the mechanical behavior of composite adhesive single-lap joints under tensile loading. The dataset is compiled from peer-reviewed papers to ensure diversity and eliminate bias. Regression and classification models are built using deep neural networks and random forests. Results show that ML models accurately predict strength and classify damage modes without complex failure criteria, leading to better designs of composite adhesive joints with higher strength efficiency.

MATERIALS TODAY COMMUNICATIONS (2023)

Article Polymer Science

Strain concentration of double-edge hole ductile composites in the full range of deformation by digital image correlation

Sanjay Kumar, Chang-Mou Wu, Po-Chun Lin, Jieng-Chiang Chen, Yoshinobu Shimamura

Summary: This study used DIC technique to investigate the variations in strain concentration factors of self-reinforced poly(ethylene terephthalate) composites with double-edge semicircular holes. The results provided insights into the yielding phenomenon of open-hole materials and could serve as early warnings for material damage.

EXPRESS POLYMER LETTERS (2022)

Article Materials Science, Characterization & Testing

Tensile properties and fracture behavior of carbon nanotube-sheets/carbon fibers epoxy-impregnated bundle composites

Kimiyoshi Naito, Chiemi Nagai, Keiichi Shirasu, Yoshinobu Shimamura, Yoku Inoue

Summary: Hybridizing carbon fiber-reinforced polymer composites with carbon nanotubes can enhance the nanoscale reinforcement effect. This study investigated the tensile properties of PAN-based and pitch-based carbon fiber-reinforced polymer composites incorporating CNT sheets. The results showed that the hybrid composites exhibited higher tensile modulus and strength compared to the as-received composites.

POLYMERS & POLYMER COMPOSITES (2022)

Article Engineering, Manufacturing

Characterization of tool-ply friction behavior for treated jute/PLA biocomposite prepregs in thermoforming

Wenwu Zhang, Helezi Zhou, Bin Huang, Huamin Zhou, Xiongqi Peng

Summary: This paper investigates the tool-ply friction behavior of jute/PLA biocomposites in thermoforming. A pull-through friction testing device was developed to characterize the tool-ply friction behavior of jute/PLA prepreg at elevated temperature. The effects of alkali treatment, fiber orientation, normal force, and slipping velocity were studied, and a quantitative definition of tool-ply friction behavior was achieved. The results indicate a strong relationship between tool-ply friction behavior and woven and fiber structures, indicating hydrodynamic lubrication.

COMPOSITES PART A-APPLIED SCIENCE AND MANUFACTURING (2024)

Article Engineering, Manufacturing

Experimental characterization of compression failure mechanism initiation and growth in notched carbon fiber reinforced composite specimens

Stephen Clay, Wesley Ault, Alex Faupel, Caglar Oskay, Philip Knoth, Noam N. Y. Shemesh, Rami Haj-Ali, Uri Breiman, Ido Meshi, Ofir Shor

Summary: This paper presents an experimental investigation on the compression failure mechanisms of laminated carbon fiber reinforced composites under non-standard quasi-static loading. The results demonstrate the presence of interior kink bands, surface ply splitting, and delaminations, with each failure mechanism associated with different stress levels.

COMPOSITES PART A-APPLIED SCIENCE AND MANUFACTURING (2024)

Article Engineering, Manufacturing

Improved pyroelectric performances of functionally graded graphene nanoplatelet reinforced polyvinylidene fluoride composites: Experiment and modelling

Bowen Zeng, Jinlong Yang, Zhi Ni, Yucheng Fan, Ziyan Hang, Chuang Feng

Summary: This study successfully improved the pyroelectric properties of PVDF films by preparing functionally graded graphene nanoplatelet (FG-GNP) reinforced PVDF composite films. The increase in the number of layers and the concentration of GNP near the surface of the composite film were found to enhance the pyroelectric properties and temperature stability.

COMPOSITES PART A-APPLIED SCIENCE AND MANUFACTURING (2024)

Article Engineering, Manufacturing

Investigation of nanocomposite system with long-chain phosphorus-containing intercalator-modified montmorillonite nanosheets

Shenghe Zhang, Fukai Chu, Weizhao Hu, Bibo Wang, Richard K. K. Yuen, Yuan Hu

Summary: This study improves the flame retardancy and mechanical properties of PBAT by synthesizing a phosphorus-containing intercalator and mixing it into the PBAT matrix.

COMPOSITES PART A-APPLIED SCIENCE AND MANUFACTURING (2024)

Article Engineering, Manufacturing

Suppression of compression induced delamination in tapered laminated composites using a ply scarfing method

Tharan Gordon, Michael R. Wisnom, Byung Chul Kim

Summary: Thickness tapering is a common strategy for efficient and lightweight composite structures, but it can introduce delamination sites. This study investigated the use of ply scarfing method to improve the compressive failure stress of tapered laminates made from thick unidirectional non-crimp fabrics. The results showed that ply scarfing suppressed delamination and increased the failure stress by 60%.

COMPOSITES PART A-APPLIED SCIENCE AND MANUFACTURING (2024)

Article Engineering, Manufacturing

Pre-compositing polyetherketoneketone with short-cut carbon fibers into advanced powder materials toward composites with fully-adhered interfaces

Xin Wang, Yiting Qu, Junlei Bai, Fujun Xu, Bin Ding, Xiaohua Zhang

Summary: A solution-based strategy is proposed to achieve a strong bond between fibers and matrix in powder materials, resulting in improved mechanical properties, thermal conductivity, and fracture strain of the composites. The method also offers advantages such as enhanced powder flowability and thermal stability.

COMPOSITES PART A-APPLIED SCIENCE AND MANUFACTURING (2024)

Article Engineering, Manufacturing

Shape-memory polyurethane elastomer originated from waste PET plastic and their composites with carbon nanotube for sensitive and stretchable strain sensor

Xing Zhou, Guosheng Wang, Dexiang Li, Qi Wang, Keming Zhu, Yaya Hao, Yueyang Xu, Neng Li

Summary: This study successfully synthesized polyurethane elastomer by using degraded products from waste PET, and fabricated composites with carbon nanotubes for strain sensors. The composites showed good mechanical and durability performance, indicating a potential method for recycling waste PET into valuable and functional materials.

COMPOSITES PART A-APPLIED SCIENCE AND MANUFACTURING (2024)

Article Engineering, Manufacturing

Facilely fabricated Janus polymer film for actuator and self-powered sensor

Fei Peng, Tingting Shan, Rongrui Chen, Jiulong Shi, Di Liu, Guoqiang Zheng, Chaojun Gao, Kun Dai, Chuntai Liu, Changyu Shen

Summary: Janus polymer films with distinct surface performance and potential applications were successfully prepared by vacuum-assisted hot-compressing method and spray coating. These films exhibit decent actuation performance and rapid selfpowered sensing property, and can be used for real-time acetone monitoring system.

COMPOSITES PART A-APPLIED SCIENCE AND MANUFACTURING (2024)

Article Engineering, Manufacturing

Enhanced thermal conductivity of phase change composites with novel binary graphite networks

Biao Cheng, Huafeng Quan, Yuefeng Zhang, Dong Huang, Tongqi Li, Chong Ye, Xingming Zhou, Zhen Fan, Yafang Zhang, Ting Ouyang, Fei Han, Hongbo Liu, Jinshui Liu

Summary: In this study, a binary graphite network was constructed to improve the thermal conductivity and control the formation of micrometer-scale open pores in phase change composites. The developed composites showed a high thermal conductivity and phase change enthalpy, making them promising for thermal control in space optical-mechanical systems and other critical aerospace components.

COMPOSITES PART A-APPLIED SCIENCE AND MANUFACTURING (2024)

Article Engineering, Manufacturing

An effective micro-arc oxidation (MAO) treatment on aluminum alloy for stronger bonding joint with carbon fiber composites

Shihao Zuo, Fei Cheng, Guangming Yang, Jiangzhou Li, Yongjun Deng, Guangjun Gou, Xuejun Cui, Yunsen Hu, Xiaozhi Hu

Summary: Micro-arc oxidation (MAO) treatment was used to modify aluminum (Al) alloys in order to improve bond strength with carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP). The treatment successfully created a porous surface with better hardness, roughness, and wetting, and introduced resin pre-coating (RPC) and carbon nanotube (CNT) fiber bridging to improve the bonding interface. The combined treatments significantly increased the bond strength by up to 156.1%, indicating the feasibility of MAO as an alternative method for manufacturing high-performance Al-CFRP composites in industrial production.

COMPOSITES PART A-APPLIED SCIENCE AND MANUFACTURING (2024)

Article Engineering, Manufacturing

Effects of accelerated curing in thermoplastic particle interleaf epoxy laminates

James Kratz, Christophe Paris, Karolina Gaska, Vincent Maes, Ivana Partridge, Philippe Olivier

Summary: Faster heating rates and higher process temperatures can reduce the total process time while achieving the same degree-of-cure. Thermal analysis shows that thermoplastic interleaf particles melt at the recommended curing temperature. A short dwell at a lower temperature can prevent the mixing of thermoplastic particles and thermoset pre-polymer.

COMPOSITES PART A-APPLIED SCIENCE AND MANUFACTURING (2024)

Article Engineering, Manufacturing

Resistance-welded thermoset composites: A Bayesian approach to process optimisation for improved fracture toughness

Thomas Maierhofer, Evripides G. Loukaides, Craig Carr, Chiara Bisagni, Richard Butler

Summary: Joining thermoset composites via resistance welding provides an efficient method for aerospace structures with benefits such as high-volume manufacturing and simplified surface preparation. The influence of welding parameters on joint performance is assessed using Mode I fracture toughness testing. A Bayesian approach is employed to select high-performance parameters.

COMPOSITES PART A-APPLIED SCIENCE AND MANUFACTURING (2024)

Article Engineering, Manufacturing

High-performance chlorinated polyvinyl chloride/polyurea nanocomposite foam with excellent solvent resistance, flame-triggered shape memory effect and its upcycling

Jiangan You, Ling Cai, Ronghua Yu, Haiping Xing, Jian Xue, Ying Li, Zhiwei Jiang, Dongmei Cui, Tao Tang

Summary: In response to the global environmental pollution crisis caused by waste plastics, recyclable design is an effective solution. A CPVC/PUA nanocomposite foam was developed using the plasticizing-foaming-reinforcing strategy, combined with catalytic carbonization. The foam exhibited high expansion ratio, robustness, solvent resistance, flame-triggered shape memory effect, and ablation resistance. The foam could be directly upcycled into functional carbon foam with attractive electromagnetic interference shielding performance.

COMPOSITES PART A-APPLIED SCIENCE AND MANUFACTURING (2024)

Article Engineering, Manufacturing

Flexible multiwalled carbon nanotubes/cellulose nanofibers membrane with rapid temperature increasing induced by interface strengthening

Siyao Chen, Zhiyu Chen, Yangling Ou, Junwei Lyu, Junning Li, Xiangyang Liu, Yang Liu

Summary: In this study, we demonstrated the significant effect of composite interface on temperature increase in electrical heaters. By selectively fluorinating the outer walls of carbon nanotubes and compositing them with cellulose nanofibers, improved interfacial phonon diffusion was achieved, leading to a higher temperature increase rate.

COMPOSITES PART A-APPLIED SCIENCE AND MANUFACTURING (2024)

Article Engineering, Manufacturing

Effect of atomic oxygen exposure on polybenzoxazine/POSS nanocomposites for space applications

Yanjun He, Agnieszka Suliga, Alex Brinkmeyer, Mark Schenk, Ian Hamerton

Summary: A new thermoset resin system based on a polybenzoxazine blend showed good performance under high ATOX irradiation. It reduced erosion yield by forming a silicon-rich surface layer and improved the mechanical properties of CFRP laminates.

COMPOSITES PART A-APPLIED SCIENCE AND MANUFACTURING (2024)