A vertical subsurface-flow constructed wetland in Beijing

Presented in this paper is an integrated cost and efficiency analysis of a pilot vertical subsurface-flow constructed wetland (CW) built up in 2004 near the Longdao River in Beijing, China. The CW has been monitored over one year and proved to be a good solution to treat the polluted water and restored the ecosystem health of the Longdao River. The modified CW system in accordance with local conditions costs less in construction, operation and maintenance than traditional wastewater treatment system and occupies less land than conventional CW. Also, derived from the efficiency analysis, the Longdao River CW provides better elimination effects for nutrient substances in the polluted river water and has stable performances in cold seasons. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.