Article
Thermodynamics
Jennifer L. Gottfried, Elliot R. Wainwright, Sidi Huang, Yue Jiang, Xiaolin Zheng
Summary: Boron is a promising fuel for energetic materials due to its high energy density when combined with CuO and Bi2O3 in thermite reactions. The application of LASEM technique has enabled the quantification of energy release and excitation temperatures of B/metal oxide samples on microsecond and millisecond timescales. The enhancement of ignition in these composites contributes to the early-time energy release, as shown by relative measurements in agreement with bomb calorimetry and DSC analysis. Additionally, the strong affinity of CuO for both B and Bi2O3 leads to a synergetic enhancement effect in the binary metal oxide mixture.
COMBUSTION AND FLAME
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Jie Wang, Hongtao Yang, Long Cheng, Pin Gao, Yanchun Li, Dongming Song
Summary: B/NC/CuO micro particles prepared through the electrospray technique exhibit improved combustion stability, ignition performance, and burning rate. The optimum formula is observed at 11wt% boron content.
Article
Thermodynamics
Yue Jiang, Yujie Wang, Jihyun Baek, Haiyang Wang, Jennifer L. Gottfried, Chi-Chin Wu, Xinjian Shi, Michael R. Zachariah, Xiaolin Zheng
Summary: This work presents a facile method to functionalize the surface of nano-sized aluminum (nAl) particles with perfluoroalkylsilane. The thermochemical and combustion behaviors of perfluoroalkyl-functionalized nAl particles are investigated at different heating rates. The results show that the functionalization improves the thermal stability of nAl particles under slow heating conditions and enhances the ignition and combustion performance under fast heating conditions.
COMBUSTION AND FLAME
(2022)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Prawal P. K. Agarwal, Devon Jensen, Chien-Hua Chen, Robert M. Rioux, Themis Matsoukas
Summary: The development of an in situ nonthermal plasma technology improved the oxidation and energy release of boron nanoparticles. Treatment with nonthermal hydrogen plasma and PECVD using perfluorodecalin resulted in a reduction of the surface oxide layer and formation of a passivation barrier, leading to increased metallic boron content and energy release. The PECVD coating provided excellent passivation against air and humidity for 60 days, indicating the potential benefits for nanoenergetic applications.
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
(2021)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Nathan J. Weeks, Enrique Gazmin, Scott T. Iacono
Summary: Metal powders with nanometer-sized particles can greatly enhance energetic performance due to increased specific surface area. Optimizing the interface between metal fuel and polymer matrix is crucial for achieving maximum weight percent loading of metal nanoparticles.
ACS APPLIED NANO MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Zongyu Wang, Haowei Li, Liyan Dang, Zepeng Pu, Zhengguan Xu, Aiping Fu, Hongliang Li
Summary: The composites of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) encapsulated porous silicon (P-Si) microspheres are constructed using metallic aluminum as a bi-functional reducing agent at low temperatures. The P-Si is prepared using SiO2 as the silicon source and AlCl3 to maintain the progress of the thermite reduction reaction. Graphene oxide is then reduced by aluminum powder and freeze-drying technique is used to construct the P-Si/rGO composite material. The resulting material exhibits excellent electrochemical performance with high capacity and cycling stability.
JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Neil G. Vaz, Michelle L. Pantoya
Summary: Alloys and composites of aluminum have shown promise in enhancing particle combustion for energy generation. This study focused on aluminum-silicon spherical alloy particles and compared their combustion with pure aluminum. Experimental results demonstrated that the alloy particles exhibited improved combustion at both low and high heating rates, with faster flame propagation observed. This was attributed to enhanced diffusion-controlled kinetics and accelerated kinetics evidenced by thermal equilibrium analysis.
COMBUSTION AND FLAME
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Chong Chen, Bo Liu, Shuhan Lan, Xiaodong Gou, Jinghui Hu, Fei Xiao, Taixin Liang
Summary: Surface-modified porous aluminum (TFA@Al) was prepared by a simple chemical method, with etched holes on the surface effectively promoting aluminum oxidation and improving its exothermic effect. The study shows that TFA@Al/CuO has higher explosion heat value and emission spectral intensity compared to Al/CuO, indicating the potential application of surface-modified porous aluminum in the field of aluminum-containing energy materials.
COLLOIDS AND SURFACES A-PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING ASPECTS
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Kyle Horiuchi, Andy Huynh, Joseph Kalman
Summary: Boron-based materials have high energy density, but their prompt ignition is challenging. This study investigates mixtures of boron carbide and four metal oxides (CuO, MnO2, Bi2O3, Fe2O3) to increase reactivity. Experimental results show that mixtures with CuO or Bi2O3 have the fastest burning rate, while Fe2O3 mixtures do not ignite and MnO2 samples have a lower burning rate. Thermal analysis reveals that gas produced from carbon oxidation has the most influence on combustion rate. Spectroscopic evidence suggests that gas generation helps remove the molten boron oxide layer during combustion.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE
(2023)
Article
Optics
F. A. Gubarev, A. V. Mostovshchikov, L. Li
Summary: This paper discusses a technique for studying laser initiation and combustion of high-energy materials using a two-channel video recording system. A traditional high-speed imaging system and a brightness-amplified laser projection system are used as the two channels. The synchronization of laser ignition, high-speed imaging, and monitoring the combustion process is considered in detail. The relationship between the propagation of the flame glow and the change in the surface of the thermite mixture during combustion is established. A method of simultaneous high-speed recording of images with different temporal and spatial resolutions is proposed.
OPTICS AND LASER TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Yanjun Yin, Yue Dong, Mingling Li, Zili Ma
Summary: Energetic Al/NFs/CuO films were prepared by electrophoretic deposition, showing improved adhesion and enhanced combustion and heat release properties after treatment with Nafion solution.
Article
Physics, Applied
Zidong Cai, Xuelin Yang, Zhaohua Shen, Cheng Ma, Zhenghao Chen, Danshuo Liu, Fujun Xu, Ning Tang, Xinqiang Wang, Weikun Ge, Bo Shen
Summary: A carbon-regulated Si substrate can reduce the RF loss of GaN-based HEMT buffer stacks by suppressing the formation of parasitic conductive channel. By combining the substrate engineering with low-temperature growth, the RF loss of the buffer stacks can be reduced to 0.13 dB/mm at 10 GHz without degrading the crystal quality. This work demonstrates the potential for fabricating high-quality and low-loss GaN-on-Si RF devices.
APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Lei Yan, Muhammad Riaz, Jiayou Liu, Yalin Liu, Yu Zeng, Cuncang Jiang
Summary: Boron can alleviate aluminum toxicity to trifoliate orange seedlings by regulating plant growth-related parameters and inhibiting the accumulation of aluminum in root cell walls. This is achieved through suppressing pectin synthesis and methylation, thereby reducing aluminum binding and facilitating vacuolar sequestration.
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Mahmut Can Senel, Mevlut Gurbuz
Summary: In this study, hexagonal boron nitride nanoparticulates and graphene nanoplatelets reinforced aluminum matrix composites were produced via powder metallurgy process. The mechanical properties, including density, hardness, and compressive strength, were significantly improved in composites with 1%BN and 0.15%graphene content. However, exceeding these contents resulted in decreased mechanical strength due to the aggregation of graphene nanoplatelets and nano-BN particles.
ADVANCED COMPOSITES AND HYBRID MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Prawal P. K. Agarwal, Themis Matsoukas
Summary: The presence of a native oxide layer limits the performance of Al as a nanoenergetic material, but this issue can be resolved by coating the Al surface with a fluorocarbon nanofilm. This technique effectively turns the oxide layer into an energetic component and significantly enhances heat release during oxidation.
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
(2022)
Article
Thermodynamics
Gregory Young, Rohit Jacob, Michael R. Zachariah
COMBUSTION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2015)
Article
Thermodynamics
Gregory Young, Guoqiang Jian, Rohit Jacob, Michael R. Zachariah
COMBUSTION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2015)
Article
Engineering, Aerospace
Terrence L. Connell, Grant A. Risha, Richard A. Yetter, Colin W. Roberts, Gregory Young
JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER
(2015)
Article
Engineering, Aerospace
Gregory Young, Colin W. Roberts, Chad A. Stoltz
JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER
(2015)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Gregory Young, Haiyang Wang, Michael R. Zachariah
PROPELLANTS EXPLOSIVES PYROTECHNICS
(2015)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Jeffery B. DeLisio, Xiuli Hu, Tao Wu, Garth C. Egan, Gregory Young, Michael R. Zachariah
JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B
(2016)
Article
Engineering, Aerospace
Gregory Young, Colin Roberts, Steven Dunham
JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER
(2013)
Article
Engineering, Aerospace
G. Young, K. Sullivan, N. Piekiel, M. R. Zachariah
JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER
(2014)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Gregory Young, Grant A. Risha, Terrence L. Connell, Richard A. Yetter
PROPELLANTS EXPLOSIVES PYROTECHNICS
(2019)
Article
Thermodynamics
Gregory Young, Daniel P. Wilson, Michael Kessler, Jeffery B. DeLisio, Michael R. Zachariah
Summary: Nanostructured microparticles composed of nanoaluminum, RDX, and NC were studied for their ignition and combustion characteristics using T-jump wire ignition and laser ignition experiments. The experiments showed that the aluminum component of the particles combusted anaerobically with the combustion products of RDX and NC, and ignition delay was driven by the decomposition/combustion process of RDX and NC, independent of gaseous environment.
COMBUSTION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Aerospace
Bradley Gobin, Sean Whalen, Emily M. Plunkett, Garrett F. Godshall, Robert B. Moore, Gregory Young
Summary: The experiment showed that the regression rate of solid oxidizers significantly increases with the application of voltage, and the choice of electrode material plays a crucial role in secondary and catalytic reactions. Furthermore, the cycling of applied power can cause accelerated decomposition to pause and resume accordingly.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENERGETIC MATERIALS AND CHEMICAL PROPULSION
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Aerospace
Coit T. Hendley, Terrence L. Connell, Daniel Wilson, Gregory Young
Summary: There is a growing interest in using nitrous oxide as an oxidizer in hybrid rocket motor systems due to its low toxicity and high vapor pressure. Research shows that using a catalyst can lower the decomposition temperature of N2O, achieving efficient decomposition and combustion with fuel.
JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Aerospace
Gregory Young, Terrence L. Connell, Kyle Fennell, Steve Possehl, Michael Baier
Summary: The study investigates the effects of fuel port geometry and fuel additives on the performance characteristics of additively manufactured solid fuels in a hybrid rocket. It was found that the swirl-elliptical port geometry improved regression rates by about 35% compared to the baseline, while the addition of nano-aluminum in combination with this geometry resulted in an overall regression rate increase of about 2.5x.
JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Aerospace
Paige K. Nardozzo, Terrence L. Connell, J. Eric Boyer, Richard A. Yetter, Gregory Young
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENERGETIC MATERIALS AND CHEMICAL PROPULSION
(2020)
Article
Engineering, Aerospace
Gregory Young, Scott Hromisin, Sam Loeffler, Terrence L. Connell
JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER
(2020)
Article
Thermodynamics
Yifan Yang, Haodong Zhang, Linye Li, Mingming Gu, Xi Xia, Fei Qi
Summary: This paper investigates the formation of a blue whirl by controlling tangential and radial airflows. By using a unique fire whirl apparatus, the blue whirl can be formed directly upon ignition without going through the transient phase. The study also discovers new flame regimes and explores the mechanism behind the formation and transition of the blue whirl.
COMBUSTION AND FLAME
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Xiaobin Qi, Songyan Gao, Zhiping Zhu, Qinggang Lyu, Haixia Zhang
Summary: This study experimentally investigated the propagation characteristics of reverse combustion under oxygen-limited and enriched conditions. The contribution of volatiles gas-phase oxidation and char surface oxidation to reverse combustion was evaluated. The results showed that oxygen enrichment expanded the operating range of oxygen flow rate for reverse combustion and enhanced the low-temperature oxidation of the solid fuel. The findings provide a better understanding of the driving mechanism of reverse combustion and have important implications for efficient thermal conversion of solid fuels.
COMBUSTION AND FLAME
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Bingjie Chen, Peng Liu, Bingzhi Liu, Zhandong Wang, Xiang Gao, William L. Roberts
Summary: In this study, the low temperature oxidation of 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene was investigated using experiments and numerical simulations. The results showed the presence of toxic oxygenated aromatic compounds and proposed potential formation pathways. The numerical simulations accurately predicted the mole fractions of most compounds, but some compounds were missing.
COMBUSTION AND FLAME
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Meng Sui, Zhiheng Zhu, Fashe Li, Hua Wang
Summary: The effect of adding ferrocene as a combustion catalyst to Jatropha biodiesel on its pyrolysis and combustion performance is investigated. The results show that adding ferrocene reduces activation energy and harmful emissions while improving combustion efficiency.
COMBUSTION AND FLAME
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Manaf Sheyyab, Mohammed Abdulrahman, Subharaj Hossain, Patrick T. Lynch, Eric K. Mayhew, Kenneth Brezinsky
Summary: Fuel surrogates, simplified representations of complex fuels, accurately model speciation results and reaction kinetics, reproduce the ignition quality and chemical functional group compositions of their parent fuels.
COMBUSTION AND FLAME
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Yan Wang, Shumeng Xie, Hannes Bottler, Yiqing Wang, Xinyi Chen, Arne Scholtissek, Christian Hasse, Zheng Chen
Summary: This study investigates how flow affects the ignition and transition process of a cool flame. The results show that the ignition energy determines the highest temperature and the strain rate influences the flame propagation and the transition from cool flame to hot flame.
COMBUSTION AND FLAME
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Tanusree Chatterjee, Mengyuan Wang, Goutham Kukkadapu, Chih-Jen Sung, William J. Pitz
Summary: Cycloalkanes, including cyclohexane, are important hydrocarbons in transportation fuels. However, limited oxidation data at low-to-intermediate temperatures and inadequate predictive ability of kinetic models have hindered the understanding and improvement of cyclohexane oxidation. This study provides experimental and modeling results to develop a more accurate kinetic model for cyclohexane oxidation.
COMBUSTION AND FLAME
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Tao Wu, Erik Hagen, Haiyang Wang, Dylan J. Kline, Michael R. Zachariah, Carole Rossi
Summary: It was found that incorporating CuO into Al/I2O5 can significantly reduce the ignition time and enhance the combustion performance. The optimum composition of 80/20 wt% of I2O5/CuO shows a 30 times shorter ignition time and produces a peak pressure and pressurization rate 4 and 26 times greater than traditional Al/I2O5. A series of characterizations helped unravel the cause of improvement and propose a reaction mechanism for this ternary Al/I2O5/CuO system. This study proposes a facile, inexpensive, and efficient way to enhance the combustion performance of Al/I2O5 biocidal nanoenergetic materials.
COMBUSTION AND FLAME
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Mahmoud Gadalla, Shervin Karimkashi, Islam Kabil, Ossi Kaario, Tianfeng Lu, Ville Vuorinen
Summary: In this study, the flame initiation process in dual-fuel spray assisted combustion is explored through scale-resolved simulations, providing numerical evidence on the initiation of premixed flames. It is found that there is a transient mixed-mode combustion phase after ignition, followed by a primarily deflagrative combustion mode. The interactions between turbulence and premixed flame front are characterized in the corrugated regime.
COMBUSTION AND FLAME
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Neeraj Kumar Pradhan, Arindrajit Chowdhury, Debasis Chakraborty, Neeraj Kumbhakarna
Summary: In this study, a modified model for predicting the burn rate of composite solid propellants is proposed. The model has been validated against experimental and theoretical results, and it outperforms existing models in all cases considered. The model is highly robust and provides results quickly, making it highly efficient in terms of time, effort, and computational resources.
COMBUSTION AND FLAME
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Lili Ye, Zhihe Zhang, Fan Wang, Xiaodong Wang, Yiming Lu, Lei Zhang
Summary: This study investigated the pyrolysis mechanism of octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine (HMX) explosive using ab initio and kinetic modeling simulations. The results showed that N-NO2 bond fission and C-H beta-scission are important channels in the decomposition of HMX.
COMBUSTION AND FLAME
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Andrei N. Lipatnikov, Hsuchew Lee, Peng Dai, Minping Wan, Vladimir A. Sabelnikov
Summary: This study investigates the importance of thermodiffusive and hydrodynamic instabilities of laminar flames in turbulent flows through numerical simulations. The analysis suggests that laminar flame instabilities play a minor role at sufficiently high Karlovitz numbers.
COMBUSTION AND FLAME
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Shijie Xu, Yue Qiu, Leilei Xu, Jianqing Huang, Shen Li, Elna J. K. Nilsson, Zhongshan Li, Weiwei Cai, Marcus Alden, Xue-Song Bai
Summary: Metal powder is a promising carbon-free and recyclable energy carrier. In this study, a computational model for the combustion and phase change of micron-sized iron particles was proposed and validated. The model successfully captures the melting, surface reactions, cooling, and solidification processes. The study also reveals a two-stage solidification phenomenon and identifies a diffusion-controlled mechanism during the melting process. The reaction between iron and CH4/O2/N2 flame products is found to play a significant role in the iron combustion process.
COMBUSTION AND FLAME
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Khalid Aljohani, Abd El-Sabor Mohamed, Haitao Lu, Henry J. Curran, S. Mani Sarathy, Aamir Farooq
Summary: This study investigates the impact of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) and NOx on the ignition delay time of oxygenated gasoline. A gasoline surrogate model is developed and the experimental data are useful for predicting fuel ignition behavior in internal combustion engines. The results show that EGR inhibits gasoline reactivity, while NOx has a promoting effect at high temperatures. This research is important for understanding the combustion behavior of gasoline in engines.
COMBUSTION AND FLAME
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Chengcheng Ao, Jia Yan, Tong Yan, Lidong Zhang, Pan Wang
Summary: This study investigates the inhibitory effect of ammonia blended with hydrocarbon fuels on soot formation. The results show that there is a chemical interaction between ammonia and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), blocking the formation of larger PAHs.
COMBUSTION AND FLAME
(2024)