Article
Energy & Fuels
Seokwon Cho, Dario Lopez Pintor
Summary: This study investigates the effects of doping E10 gasoline with 2-ethlyhexyl nitrate (EHN) under homogeneous charge compression ignition conditions. Both experimental and numerical studies show that adding EHN reduces the required initial temperature and increases the production of 3-heptyl radicals, enhancing low-to-intermediate chemistry and accelerating OH production. However, an increase in NOx emissions is observed with increasing fuel-doping.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Aneesh Vijay Kale, Anand Krishnasamy
Summary: Recent research has shown that homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) engines can enhance traditional compression-ignition engines. Gasoline-like fuels with higher octane number and vapor pressure are better suited for port fuel-injected HCCI engines. By adding ignition promoters, intake charge preheating or turbocharging requirements can be eliminated, and cyclic variations in combustion can be reduced. Suitable diluents can prevent knocking and enable higher load extension. This study investigated various ignition promoters and diluents to achieve constant combustion phasing in gasoline-fueled HCCI combustion.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yacine Rezgui
Summary: The study analytically investigated the effects of hydrogen addition on the combustion characteristics of a primary reference fuel in a Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition engine. The results showed that hydrogen dilution effect had a positive impact on combustion characteristics, leading to higher engine thermal efficiency.
Article
Thermodynamics
Jonathan Martin, Andre Boehman
Summary: Compression-ignition (CI) engines can increase thermal efficiency and reduce NOx and/or soot emissions through the use of dual-fuel combustion modes. Different modes can be used at various loads to optimize emissions performance.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINE RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Thermodynamics
Chris A. Van Roekel, David T. Montgomery, Jaswinder Singh, Daniel B. Olsen
Summary: This study investigates the effects of implementing a dedicated exhaust gas recirculation system on an industrial natural gas engine, showing reductions in NO(x) and CO emissions, as well as improvements in exhaust temperatures, but also potentially resulting in significant differences in combustion between cylinders.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINE RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Narankhuu Jamsran, Hyunwook Park, Junsun Lee, Seungmook Oh, Changup Kim, Yonggyu Lee, Kernyong Kang
Summary: HCCI combustion with different syngas compositions was studied, showing that higher H2 content in the fuel can facilitate fast burning and good combustion stability. The NOx emissions were very low due to the ultra-lean, diluted charge used for HCCI combustion.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Nguyen Xuan Khoa, Ocktaeck Lim
Summary: This review paper summarizes the effects of external and internal exhaust gas recirculation on the performance and emission characteristics of diesel, gasoline, and alternative fuel engines, and introduces control strategies and prediction methods for internal and external exhaust gas recirculation.
Article
Thermodynamics
J. Valero-Marco, B. Lehrheuer, J. j Lopez, S. Pischinger
Summary: This research aims to increase the understanding of methodologies to enhance the maximum load degree in gasoline CAI engines by analyzing different water injection and setting strategies to optimize combustion. The results show that adjustments to compression ratio, fuel injection strategies, and engine speed can improve CAI combustion efficiency and compatibility.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINE RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Thermodynamics
S. V. Karthic, M. Senthil Kumar
Summary: This research work adopted various strategies to reduce emissions from diesel engines, such as online injection timing/pressure variation, split injection, and nano-emulsion, successfully achieving emission levels close to or equal to Euro VI standards.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
An Lu, Chunhua Zhang, Peng Ji, Yangyang Li
Summary: With the increase of gasoline blending ratio, peak in-cylinder pressure, peak in-cylinder temperature, and peak heat release rate initially increase and then decrease. Intake temperature has a significant impact on engine performance, with higher intake temperature leading to improved combustion efficiency and reduced emissions.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Thermodynamics
Chris A. Van Roekel, David T. Montgomery, Jaswinder Singh, Daniel B. Olsen
Summary: Industrial stoichiometric natural gas engines require robust design for consumer-driven uptime, especially in exhaust components exposed to high combustion temperatures. The use of dedicated exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) may help reduce combustion temperatures, but adjustments to combustion parameters are necessary for optimal engine operation. Optimization through a response surface method (RSM) identified specific engine operating conditions that improved combustion statistics in a low turbulence combustion chamber.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINE RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Mingyu Cho, Yongtae Kim, Han Ho Song
Summary: This study introduced a high-efficiency solid oxide fuel cell-internal combustion engine hybrid system utilizing the ICE for anode off-gas recirculation, external reforming, and additional power generation.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Inmo Youn, Joonho Jeon
Summary: Dimethyl ether (DME) shows promise as an alternative fuel to diesel, but its high nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions limit its use. This study demonstrates that a high exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) rate can effectively reduce NOx emissions and maintain good combustion characteristics.
Article
Energy & Fuels
M. A. Mujtaba, Haeng Muk Cho, H. H. Masjuki, M. A. Kalam, M. Farooq, Manzoore Elahi M. Soudagar, M. Gul, Asif Afzal, Waqar Ahmed, Asad Raza, T. M. Yunus Khan, Shahid Bashir, Zeeshan Ahmad
Summary: The demand for renewable energy sources is increasing due to growing population and economic development, while access to fossil fuels is declining. Renewable energy resources, technology choices, and energy policies are constantly being revised to adapt to society's modernization. Additionally, adding alcohol to fuel can reduce emissions in diesel engines, and different types of alcohol have varying effects on engine performance and emissions characteristics.
Review
Energy & Fuels
Chandrakumar Pardhi, Rabindra Prasad, C. P. Jawahar, Sanjay Chhalotre, Zafar Said
Summary: Modernizing electronic control and developing new EGR valves has improved EGR accuracy and shortened response times. Research findings indicate that 15% - 18% EGR can effectively reduce NOx emissions without impacting engine performance. Selecting the right EGR ratio and spark timing is essential for maximizing engine performance.
ENERGY SOURCES PART A-RECOVERY UTILIZATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS
(2023)
Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
X. Capelle, J. P. Schaaps, J. V. Bavi Dido, M. Dauby, T. Desaive, C. Van Linthout, L. Seidel, F. Kridelka, P. C. Dauby, H. Machrafi
JOURNAL OF GYNECOLOGY OBSTETRICS AND HUMAN REPRODUCTION
(2020)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
H. Machrafi
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
Benjamin Sobac, Laurent Maquet, Alexis Duchesne, Hatim Machrafi, Alexey Rednikov, Pierre Dauby, Pierre Colinet, Stephane Dorbolo
PHYSICAL REVIEW FLUIDS
(2020)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
H. Sadafi, R. Rabani, S. Dehaeck, H. Machrafi, B. Haut, P. Dauby, P. Colinet
COLLOIDS AND SURFACES A-PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING ASPECTS
(2020)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Ramin Rabani, Hosein Sadafi, Hatim Machrafi, Monavar Abbasi, Benoit Haut, Pierre Dauby
Summary: This paper investigates the different morphologies formed by phase separation induced by solvent evaporation in a thin film, using numerical, theoretical and experimental analyses. The competition between evaporation and phase separation is shown to be the main determinant of the initial pattern choice.
COLLOIDS AND SURFACES A-PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING ASPECTS
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Marcellin Perceau, Philippe Guibert, Stephane Guilain
Summary: This study presents a method to reconstruct the mean velocity field of a cyclic flow for an input parameter value that has not been measured, reducing the number of tests needed. The method was applied to a gasoline engine following a Miller cycle, using experimental data collected with PIV and interpolation of POD coefficients. The accuracy of the method was evaluated by comparing interpolated and measured flow fields, allowing for close tracking of the tumble's center of rotation and the creation of a rotation rate map for future developments.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
H. Machrafi, I. Bobinac, P. Dongo, V. Gallo, F. Iermano, C. S. Iorio
Summary: This study explores the potential use of a PEDOT:PSS hydrogel film as a cathode for a biocompatible cellulose-assisted biosensing device, investigating the impact of film formulation and preparation methods on electrical conductivity. The electrode based on ionic liquid shows higher electrical performance but poorer mechanical stability.
MATERIALS TODAY COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Electrochemistry
F. Iermano, I Bobinac, P. Dongo, V Gallo, H. Machrafi, C. S. Iorio
Summary: This study proposes a metal-air battery with a PEDOT:PSS cathode, which exhibits low surface resistivity and considerable discharge capacity. The results demonstrate that PEDOT:PSS films are suitable for the cathode of Zn-Air batteries, and the battery device is biocompatible, lightweight, and cost-effective.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED ELECTROCHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Vanja Miskovic, Elena Malafronte, Christophe Minetti, Hatim Machrafi, Carolina Varon, Carlo Saverio Iorio
Summary: Wound management in Space is an important factor to be considered in future Human Space Exploration. This study explores the development of reliable wound monitoring systems using liquid crystal films and compares them against non-local infrared measurements. The results demonstrate that the proposed liquid crystal sensing element can be suitable for future wound monitoring systems.
FRONTIERS IN BIOENGINEERING AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Hatim Machrafi
Summary: This work develops a physics-based formulation that explains the surface tension behaviors of nanoparticle dispersions and introduces the concept of the "non-occupancy" effect, which is delicately controlled by nanoparticles at a distance.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Hatim Machrafi, Fabio Iermano, Souhail Temsamani, Ilija Bobinac, Carlo S. Iorio
Summary: A hydrogel film containing an ionic liquid is developed and used as an air-cathode for a metal-air battery. The air-cathode shows improved conductivity without chemical changes. The battery demonstrates high specific energies and sufficient stretchability, making it a promising option for wearable power supply.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Marcellin Perceau, Philippe Guibert, Adrian Clenci, Mihai Niculae, Stephane Guilain, Victor Iorga-Siman
Summary: This study evaluated the impact of the Miller cycle on the internal aerodynamics of a transparent spark ignition engine using CFD simulation and particle image velocimetry. It was found that implementing the early intake valve closing strategy to achieve the Miller cycle negatively affected the mean kinetic energy, turbulent kinetic energy, and fluctuating velocity towards the end of the compression stroke, thereby influencing the combustion process.
Article
Thermodynamics
Patrice D. Dongo, Hatim Machrafi, C. Minetti, Alessandro Amato, P. Queeckers, C. S. Iorio
Summary: This paper introduces the concept of a heat-pulse ice detection system, which utilizes the high thermal capacity of ice compared to air for detecting icy spots on surfaces. Numerical simulations and experimental comparisons have been conducted to validate the principle and criteria of the ice detection system.
THERMAL SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING PROGRESS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Hatim Machrafi
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Hatim Machrafi
Article
Thermodynamics
Yifan Yang, Haodong Zhang, Linye Li, Mingming Gu, Xi Xia, Fei Qi
Summary: This paper investigates the formation of a blue whirl by controlling tangential and radial airflows. By using a unique fire whirl apparatus, the blue whirl can be formed directly upon ignition without going through the transient phase. The study also discovers new flame regimes and explores the mechanism behind the formation and transition of the blue whirl.
COMBUSTION AND FLAME
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Xiaobin Qi, Songyan Gao, Zhiping Zhu, Qinggang Lyu, Haixia Zhang
Summary: This study experimentally investigated the propagation characteristics of reverse combustion under oxygen-limited and enriched conditions. The contribution of volatiles gas-phase oxidation and char surface oxidation to reverse combustion was evaluated. The results showed that oxygen enrichment expanded the operating range of oxygen flow rate for reverse combustion and enhanced the low-temperature oxidation of the solid fuel. The findings provide a better understanding of the driving mechanism of reverse combustion and have important implications for efficient thermal conversion of solid fuels.
COMBUSTION AND FLAME
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Bingjie Chen, Peng Liu, Bingzhi Liu, Zhandong Wang, Xiang Gao, William L. Roberts
Summary: In this study, the low temperature oxidation of 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene was investigated using experiments and numerical simulations. The results showed the presence of toxic oxygenated aromatic compounds and proposed potential formation pathways. The numerical simulations accurately predicted the mole fractions of most compounds, but some compounds were missing.
COMBUSTION AND FLAME
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Meng Sui, Zhiheng Zhu, Fashe Li, Hua Wang
Summary: The effect of adding ferrocene as a combustion catalyst to Jatropha biodiesel on its pyrolysis and combustion performance is investigated. The results show that adding ferrocene reduces activation energy and harmful emissions while improving combustion efficiency.
COMBUSTION AND FLAME
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Manaf Sheyyab, Mohammed Abdulrahman, Subharaj Hossain, Patrick T. Lynch, Eric K. Mayhew, Kenneth Brezinsky
Summary: Fuel surrogates, simplified representations of complex fuels, accurately model speciation results and reaction kinetics, reproduce the ignition quality and chemical functional group compositions of their parent fuels.
COMBUSTION AND FLAME
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Yan Wang, Shumeng Xie, Hannes Bottler, Yiqing Wang, Xinyi Chen, Arne Scholtissek, Christian Hasse, Zheng Chen
Summary: This study investigates how flow affects the ignition and transition process of a cool flame. The results show that the ignition energy determines the highest temperature and the strain rate influences the flame propagation and the transition from cool flame to hot flame.
COMBUSTION AND FLAME
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Tanusree Chatterjee, Mengyuan Wang, Goutham Kukkadapu, Chih-Jen Sung, William J. Pitz
Summary: Cycloalkanes, including cyclohexane, are important hydrocarbons in transportation fuels. However, limited oxidation data at low-to-intermediate temperatures and inadequate predictive ability of kinetic models have hindered the understanding and improvement of cyclohexane oxidation. This study provides experimental and modeling results to develop a more accurate kinetic model for cyclohexane oxidation.
COMBUSTION AND FLAME
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Tao Wu, Erik Hagen, Haiyang Wang, Dylan J. Kline, Michael R. Zachariah, Carole Rossi
Summary: It was found that incorporating CuO into Al/I2O5 can significantly reduce the ignition time and enhance the combustion performance. The optimum composition of 80/20 wt% of I2O5/CuO shows a 30 times shorter ignition time and produces a peak pressure and pressurization rate 4 and 26 times greater than traditional Al/I2O5. A series of characterizations helped unravel the cause of improvement and propose a reaction mechanism for this ternary Al/I2O5/CuO system. This study proposes a facile, inexpensive, and efficient way to enhance the combustion performance of Al/I2O5 biocidal nanoenergetic materials.
COMBUSTION AND FLAME
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Mahmoud Gadalla, Shervin Karimkashi, Islam Kabil, Ossi Kaario, Tianfeng Lu, Ville Vuorinen
Summary: In this study, the flame initiation process in dual-fuel spray assisted combustion is explored through scale-resolved simulations, providing numerical evidence on the initiation of premixed flames. It is found that there is a transient mixed-mode combustion phase after ignition, followed by a primarily deflagrative combustion mode. The interactions between turbulence and premixed flame front are characterized in the corrugated regime.
COMBUSTION AND FLAME
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Neeraj Kumar Pradhan, Arindrajit Chowdhury, Debasis Chakraborty, Neeraj Kumbhakarna
Summary: In this study, a modified model for predicting the burn rate of composite solid propellants is proposed. The model has been validated against experimental and theoretical results, and it outperforms existing models in all cases considered. The model is highly robust and provides results quickly, making it highly efficient in terms of time, effort, and computational resources.
COMBUSTION AND FLAME
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Lili Ye, Zhihe Zhang, Fan Wang, Xiaodong Wang, Yiming Lu, Lei Zhang
Summary: This study investigated the pyrolysis mechanism of octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine (HMX) explosive using ab initio and kinetic modeling simulations. The results showed that N-NO2 bond fission and C-H beta-scission are important channels in the decomposition of HMX.
COMBUSTION AND FLAME
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Andrei N. Lipatnikov, Hsuchew Lee, Peng Dai, Minping Wan, Vladimir A. Sabelnikov
Summary: This study investigates the importance of thermodiffusive and hydrodynamic instabilities of laminar flames in turbulent flows through numerical simulations. The analysis suggests that laminar flame instabilities play a minor role at sufficiently high Karlovitz numbers.
COMBUSTION AND FLAME
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Shijie Xu, Yue Qiu, Leilei Xu, Jianqing Huang, Shen Li, Elna J. K. Nilsson, Zhongshan Li, Weiwei Cai, Marcus Alden, Xue-Song Bai
Summary: Metal powder is a promising carbon-free and recyclable energy carrier. In this study, a computational model for the combustion and phase change of micron-sized iron particles was proposed and validated. The model successfully captures the melting, surface reactions, cooling, and solidification processes. The study also reveals a two-stage solidification phenomenon and identifies a diffusion-controlled mechanism during the melting process. The reaction between iron and CH4/O2/N2 flame products is found to play a significant role in the iron combustion process.
COMBUSTION AND FLAME
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Khalid Aljohani, Abd El-Sabor Mohamed, Haitao Lu, Henry J. Curran, S. Mani Sarathy, Aamir Farooq
Summary: This study investigates the impact of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) and NOx on the ignition delay time of oxygenated gasoline. A gasoline surrogate model is developed and the experimental data are useful for predicting fuel ignition behavior in internal combustion engines. The results show that EGR inhibits gasoline reactivity, while NOx has a promoting effect at high temperatures. This research is important for understanding the combustion behavior of gasoline in engines.
COMBUSTION AND FLAME
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Chengcheng Ao, Jia Yan, Tong Yan, Lidong Zhang, Pan Wang
Summary: This study investigates the inhibitory effect of ammonia blended with hydrocarbon fuels on soot formation. The results show that there is a chemical interaction between ammonia and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), blocking the formation of larger PAHs.
COMBUSTION AND FLAME
(2024)