Pouchitis may increase the risk of dysplasia after restorative proctocolectomy in patients with ulcerative colitis.

Aim Dysplasia of the pouch mucosa after restorative proctocolectomy is rare. The aim of this study was to establish whether there is a correlation between pouchitis and dysplasia. Method A group of 276 patients treated for ulcerative colitis by restorative proctocolectomy between 1984 and 2009 was analysed. The presence or absence of pouchitis and dysplasia within the pouch was evaluated. Results Inflammation was diagnosed in 66 (23.9%) patients, low-grade dysplasia in five (1.8%), high-grade dysplasia in three (1.1%), and cancer in one patient (0.4%). The prevalence of low-grade dysplasia was significantly higher in patients with inflammation than in those without (P < 0.04). High-grade dysplasia was significantly more frequent in pouchitis than in non- inflamed pouches ( P < 0.01). Logistic regression analysis suggested that the occurrence of mucosal inflammation increased the risk of low grade dysplasia. Conclusion Patients with chronic pouchitis are at risk of dysplasia and require surveillance of the pouch.