Article
Polymer Science
Mohammed Taha Abd El-al, Mohamed Fahmy Zaki, Ahmed Hussain Fathy, Nasser R. Abd El-Rahman, Mahmoud Bekhit
Summary: A new novel tetrahalo-metallate cationic surfactant was prepared by reacting nicotinic acid with alkyl halide and metal chlorides, enhanced by hydrazine sulfate, with the addition of polyurethane nonionic surfactants for improved biological activity and surface properties. The synthesized compounds were characterized using various methods and evaluated as biocidal agents against bacteria, yeast, fungi, and SRB.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Mudussar Ali, Muhammad Usman, Afzal Shah, Abdul Rehman
Summary: Organic dyes, particularly those with hydrophobic properties, face solubility challenges in water-based applications. This study explores the use of various anionic and cationic surfactants to enhance the solubility and stability of a cationic dye, with spectrophotometric data providing insights into partition coefficients and binding constants. Additionally, the study examines the differences between mixed micellar media and solo surfactant systems in terms of binding and partitioning abilities, highlighting the synergistic effects between cationic and anionic components.
COLLOIDS AND SURFACES A-PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING ASPECTS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Shida Hou, Jun Li, Yakui Wang, Yajie Jiang, Zhifei Wang, Tao Geng
Summary: This study investigates the surface properties and aggregation behavior of mixed systems containing two different anionic surfactants and a new cationic surfactant. The presence of long polyoxyethylene chains weakens the negative charge density of the hydrophilic head groups, leading to enhanced stability of the mixed systems. The mixed systems exhibit lower critical micelle concentration, faster diffusion rates, and superior wetting capability compared to single surfactants.
JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR LIQUIDS
(2023)
Review
Chemistry, Physical
Azin Rashidy Ahmady, Pakshid Hosseinzadeh, Atefeh Solouk, Somaye Akbari, Adrianna M. Szulc, Bogumil E. Brycki
Summary: Gemini surfactants, composed of two cationic monomers linked together, have high surface activity and can decrease water surface tension due to their unique structure. They possess outstanding properties, such as antibacterial activity, unique aggregation behavior, and interaction with biomacromolecules. These properties can be tailored by adjusting the structure of the surfactant. Gemini surfactants demonstrate higher performance efficacy and lower toxicity compared to their monomeric counterparts. However, biocompatibility remains a limitation, leading researchers to develop alternative gemini surfactants based on amino acids and sugars.
ADVANCES IN COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Lourdes Perez, Ramon Pons, Francisco Fabio Oliveira de Sousa, Maria del Carmen Moran, Anderson Ramos da Silva, Aurora Pinazo
Summary: This study focused on the synthesis and biological properties of two families of green cationic surfactants derived from renewable sources. Results showed that these surfactants exhibited exceptional biological properties and have great potential for use in green antimicrobial and antibiofilm agents.
JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR LIQUIDS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Jinglin Tan, Yan Li, Jinrong Zhong, Yue-Fei Zhang
Summary: Siloxane surfactants with hydrophobic (poly)siloxane chain and hydrophilic polar headgroup linking with spacer exhibit unique chemical and physical properties. The aggregation behavior and surface properties of these surfactants are influenced by the hydrophobicity of the spacer. By synthesizing cationic trisiloxane surfactants with different spacer lengths, it was found that the micellization process was affected by the length of the spacer.
JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR LIQUIDS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Salah M. Tawfik, Nabel A. Negm, Mahmoud Bekheit, Nasser R. Abd El-Rahman, Ali A. Abd-Elaal
Summary: By studying mixed systems of three cationic surfactants with different hydrocarbon chain lengths, it was found that micellization and adsorption properties are influenced by the chain length and interaction with other surfactants. The regular solution theory was applied to analyze the behavior of the mixed systems, revealing attractive interactions between micelles and a synergistic effect between the components in both micelles and at the interface.
JOURNAL OF DISPERSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Siwei Li, Jihu Wang, Shaoguo Wen, Yabo Chen, Jijia Zhang, Changrui Wang
Summary: The study investigated the use of a functional filler, ANE, to enhance the fire resistance of coatings, showing significant improvements in heat insulation, thermal stability, and flame retardancy. The introduction of ANE also exhibited an excellent synergistic effect on reducing heat release and smoke emission, with a notable improvement in smoke density grade and heat release rate with the addition of 3 wt% ANE.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Dobrawa Kwasniewska, Justyna Kiewlicz
Summary: The interactions between the cationic surfactant CTAB and ascorbic acid and its derivatives in aqueous media were investigated. Surface tension isotherms were used to determine the critical micelle concentration and adsorption parameters. Infrared analysis contributed to estimating the existence of interactions in the systems. The effect of CTAB-ascorbic acid/ascorbic acid derivatives interactions on antioxidant activity was analyzed.
JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR LIQUIDS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Eva Mueller, Markus Drechsler, Regina Klein, J. Heilmann, Boris Estrine, Werner Kunz
Summary: In the field of drug delivery systems, catanionic vesicles have advantages such as spontaneous formation and long-term stability. However, the cationic component of these vesicles is often toxic. Therefore, it is important to search for biocompatible amphiphiles with lower toxicity while maintaining the desired aggregation properties. This study presents the cytotoxicity and biodegradability data of cationic surfactants based on natural osmolytes choline and ectoine. The synthesis, aggregation behavior, solubility, and stability of these compounds in water are discussed.
JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR LIQUIDS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Weiguang Yang, Yupeng Cao, Yakui Wang, Hongbin Ju, Yajie Jiang, Tao Geng
Summary: Four cationic amide Gemini surfactants were synthesized with unsaturated and saturated hydrophobic chains, showing different self-assembly behaviors in solution. The presence of unsaturated double bonds in the hydrophobic chains lowered the Krafft temperature and critical micelle concentration. Gemini surfactants based on oleamide preferentially formed worm-like micelles, while those based on stearate amide tended to form spherical aggregates in solution.
COLLOIDS AND SURFACES A-PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING ASPECTS
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Caroline R. Bender, Filipa A. Vicente, Bruna L. Kuhn, Clarissa P. Frizzo, Marcos A. Villetti, Pedro J. Carvalho
Summary: The cloud point evaluation of the nonionic surfactant Tergitol 15-S-7 in aqueous solutions of McIlvaine buffer showed that dicationic ionic liquids with longer alkyl spacer chains led to an increase in the cloud point values of Tergitol. This increase in cloud point values was more pronounced with higher concentrations of dicationic ILs. Additionally, the addition of dicationic ILs increased the micelles size without affecting the hydrodynamic diameter of mixed micelles. Systems with lower critical micellar concentration values resulted in higher cloud point values due to greater colloidal dispersion stability.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Wenguang Wei, Min Wu, Nan Shang, Rongyi Mu, Tong Zhang, Huihuang Xu
Summary: This study presents a new method for stable preparation of high-strength Fe3+-CA synergistic crosslinked starch gels at low temperatures. The enhancement effect of synergistic crosslinking reaction on starch gel properties was quantitatively characterized by rheological properties. The results showed significantly increased elastic modulus and stronger resistance to deformation in the synergistically crosslinked gel system.
FOOD HYDROCOLLOIDS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Wenning Zhou, Long Jiang, Xunliang Liu, Yang Hu, Yuying Yan
Summary: The study found that mixed surfactants exhibit superior performance by attracting and reducing repulsion between molecules to improve interfacial properties. Controlling the number of ethylene oxide groups can prevent surfactant aggregation and enhance interfacial performance. The positive charge of DTAC molecules shows strong repulsion to salt ions, increasing the overall salt resistance of mixed surfactants.
COLLOIDS AND SURFACES A-PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING ASPECTS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Xinru Jia, Ran Wei, Bo Xu, Hongqin Liu, Bao-Cai Xu
Summary: A series of amide quaternary ammonium surfactants were synthesized and found to have the ability to reduce the surface tension of water and spontaneously form vesicle aggregates. The critical micelle concentration and surface tension of the surfactants varied with the alkyl chain length, while the degree of counterion binding decreased. These amide quaternary ammonium surfactants also exhibited excellent foam ability and foam stability.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Neha Maurya, Jitendra Kumar Maurya, Meena Kumari, Abbul Bashar Khan, Ravins Dohare, Rajan Patel
JOURNAL OF BIOMOLECULAR STRUCTURE & DYNAMICS
(2017)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Neeraj Dohare, Abbul Bashar Khan, Neha Maurya, Sonu Thakur, Fareeda Athar, Prashant Singh, Rajan Patel
JOURNAL OF BIOMOLECULAR STRUCTURE & DYNAMICS
(2018)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Jitendra Kumar Maurya, Abbul Bashar Khan, Neeraj Dohare, Anwar Ali, Amit Kumar, Rajan Patel
JOURNAL OF DISPERSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2018)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Meena Kumari, Upendra Kumar Singh, Abbul Bashar Khan, Maqsood Ahmad Malik, Rajan Patel
JOURNAL OF DISPERSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2018)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Mehraj Ud Din Parray, Muzaffar Ul Hassan Mir, Neeraj Dohare, Neha Maurya, Abbul Bashar Khan, Mahendra S. Borse, Rajan Patel
JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR LIQUIDS
(2018)
Article
Thermodynamics
Md Rabiul Islam, Faiz Warsi, Abbul Bashar Khan, Tasneem Kausar, Imran Khan, Maroof Ali
JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING DATA
(2019)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Farooq Ahmad Wani, Abbul Bashar Khan, Abdulmohsen Ali Alshehri, Maqsood Ahmad Malik, Rabia Ahmad, Rajan Patel
JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR LIQUIDS
(2019)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Neeraj Dohare, Mehraj ud Din Parray, Md Abrar Siddiquee, Abbul Bashar Khan, Khalid Ahmed Alzahrani, Abdulmohsen Ali Alshehri, Maqsood Ahmad Malik, Rajan Patel
JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR STRUCTURE
(2020)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Sajjad Hussain Parrey, Mohsin Maseet, Rabia Ahmad, Abbul Bashar Khan
Summary: Silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) were synthesized for the first time using Cassia siamea flower petal extract (CSFE) as a reducing agent. The effects of anionic surface-active agent sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) on the development and texture of Ag NPs were studied, showing different shapes and sizes of Ag NPs under various synthesis conditions. The synthesized Ag NPs exhibited promising antifungal activity against different Candida strains, especially Candida tropicalis.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Abbul Bashar Khan, Ajaya Bhattarai, Zeeshan Haider Jaffari, Bidyut Saha, Dileep Kumar
Summary: The kinetics of the reaction between Ala and ninhydrin were studied using UV-vis spectroscopy, revealing different parameters and constants. The experimental results showed that the reaction followed first and fractional order rate paths at different concentrations.
COLLOID AND POLYMER SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Abbul Bashar Khan, Farooq Ahmed Wani, Mehraj Ud Din Parray, Maroof Ali, Neeraj Dohare, Rajan Patel
Summary: In this study, the electrical conductivity technique was used to measure the critical micelle concentration (cmc) for pure cationic surfactants and a phenothiazine drug in different mole fractions and temperatures. The regular solution theory and clint's model were employed to evaluate the micellar mole fraction and ideal critical micelle concentration (cmc*) for the mixed systems. The results showed a transition in the binding nature from antagonistic to synergistic with the increase in alkyl chain length of the cationic surfactant. Additionally, the ease of micellization and stability of the systems were discussed using the standard Gibbs energy, enthalpy, and entropy of micellization.
JOURNAL OF THE INDIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Dileep Kumar, Mehraj Ud Din Parray, Farooq Ahmed Wani, Neeraj Dohare, Maroof Ali, Rajan Patel, Abbul Bashar Khan
Summary: This study investigated the effect of alkyl chain length on the mixed micellization behavior of amitriptyline hydrochloride (AMT) with dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide (DTAB)/cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) in ionic liquid 1-methyl-3-octylimidazolium chloride (Omim.Cl). The results showed that CTAB exhibits synergistic interaction with AMT, while DTAB shows antagonistic interaction. The change in binding interaction from antagonistic to synergistic with increasing alkyl chain length of the cationic surfactant is explained in terms of the divergence in critical micelle concentration (cmc) and micellar mole fraction (X-m).
JOURNAL OF THE IRANIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Sajjad Hussain Parrey, Irshad Ahamad, Tasneem Fatima, Rabia Ahmad, Salim Manoharadas, Mohammad Altaf, Abdulwahed Fahad Alrefaei, Ahmed Yacine M. Badjah Hadj, Abbul Bashar Khan
Summary: The study on silver nanoparticles synthesized using leaf extract of Acacia leucophloea showed that in the presence of CTAB, the nanoparticles are smaller in size, more uniform in shape, and exhibit higher antibacterial efficacy.
COLLOID AND POLYMER SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Ab Raouf Bhat, Farooq Ahmad Wani, Kamalakanta Behera, Abbul Bashar Khan, Rajan Patel
Summary: Surfactant-based microemulsions are advanced materials for universal drug carriers, and this study investigates oil-in-water microemulsions containing an ionic liquid as the oil phase. The microstructure, droplet size distribution, and surface properties of these microemulsions are analyzed to better understand their features and potential applications in the pharmaceutical industry.
COLLOIDS AND SURFACES A-PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING ASPECTS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Sajjad Hussain Parrey, Mehraj Ud Din Parray, Salim Manoharadas, Mohammad Altaf, Abdulwahed Fahad Alrefaei, Ahmed Yacine M. Badjah Hadj, Rajan Patel, Rabia Ahmad, Abbul Bashar Khan
Summary: Gold nanoparticles were successfully synthesized using Cassia fistula flower extract as a reducing agent, with and without the presence of sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS). Various characterization techniques such as SPR, FTIR, DLS, TEM, XRD, and protein interaction studies were employed to analyze the properties of the Au-Nps.
Article
Biophysics
Cristina Potrich, Anna Pedrotti, Cecilia Pederzolli, Lorenzo Lunelli
Summary: This study developed different functional surfaces for capturing exosomes and verified their effectiveness through experiments. Among them, the negatively-charged surface performed the best, capturing a large number of exosomes and successfully analyzing their biomarkers.
COLLOIDS AND SURFACES B-BIOINTERFACES
(2024)
Article
Biophysics
Brojendra Nath Saren, Srushti Mahajan, Mayur Aalhate, Rahul Kumar, Essha Chatterjee, Indrani Maji, Ujala Gupta, Santosh Kumar Guru, Pankaj Kumar Singh
Summary: This study developed P-selectin-targeted dasatinib nanoparticles coated with chitosan and fucoidan (DST-CH-FUC-NPs), which showed sustained release, reduced hemolytic potential, increased cytotoxicity and cellular uptake compared to free dasatinib. These nanoparticles also demonstrated enhanced ROS production, mitochondrial membrane potential damage, apoptosis induction, cell migration inhibition, and disruption of lysosomal membrane integrity.
COLLOIDS AND SURFACES B-BIOINTERFACES
(2024)
Article
Biophysics
Weiping Deng, Xiaohui Li, Ya Li, Zhongbing Huang, Yulin Wang, Ning Mu, Juan Wang, Tunan Chen, Ximing Pu, Guangfu Yin, Hua Feng
Summary: This study demonstrates the importance of chirality in nerve repair by constructing a GO-phenylalanine derivative hydrogel system. In vivo experiments show that the dextro group significantly improves functional recovery and histological restoration in rat sciatic nerve repair models. The doped GO promotes angiogenesis and myelination. These results suggest that chirality plays a crucial role in promoting nerve regeneration.
COLLOIDS AND SURFACES B-BIOINTERFACES
(2024)
Article
Biophysics
Xiaoyan Wang, Jin Gao, Yu Gao, Linlin Zhang, Congchao Xu, Qintong Li, Lin Li, Jianliang Xue
Summary: In this study, a highly effective surfactant producer strain, Bacillus Cereus GX7, was isolated from the oil tank bottom sludge of Shengli Oil Field in China. The biosurfactant produced by GX7 was identified as surfactin, a lipopeptide surfactant, through TLC, FT-IR, and LC-MS/MS analysis. The fermentation process of GX7 was optimized using single-factor experiments, focusing on the composition of fermentation medium and fermentation conditions. Glucose and peptone were found to be the best carbon and nitrogen sources, and the optimum temperature, inoculum amount, pH, rotation speed, and fermentation time for the strain were determined to be 30°C, 1%, 7.5, 150 rpm, and 48 h, respectively. After optimization, the surface tension and emulsification index of the fermentation broth were 26.84 mN/m and 57.84%, respectively. Furthermore, the biosurfactant produced by GX7 demonstrated good stability over a wide range of temperature, pH, and salt concentration.
COLLOIDS AND SURFACES B-BIOINTERFACES
(2024)
Article
Biophysics
Rodney Marcelo do Nascimento, Christine Grauby-Heywang, Houssem Kahli, Nesrine Debez, Laure Beven, Ivan Helmuth Bechtold, Touria Cohen Bouhacina
Summary: This article presents a theoretical model based on thermodynamic rules to assess the early stages of bacterial biofilm formation on different material surfaces. By utilizing morphological characteristics of bacteria and Atomic Force Microscopy images, the model generates a dataset of energetically minimized states, which can be correlated with bacterial adhesion states.
COLLOIDS AND SURFACES B-BIOINTERFACES
(2024)
Article
Biophysics
Filipa A. L. S. Silva, Licinia Timochenco, Raquel Costa-Almeida, Jose Ramiro Fernandes, Susana G. Santos, Fernao D. Magalhaes, Artur M. Pinto
Summary: The study demonstrates that by photoreducing nanosized graphene oxide using ultraviolet radiation, nanometric particles with high light-to-heat conversion efficiency and water stability can be obtained. These nanomaterials exhibit high absorption in the near-infrared region and show no cytotoxicity towards human cells, indicating their potential for safe therapy.
COLLOIDS AND SURFACES B-BIOINTERFACES
(2024)
Article
Biophysics
D. Costa, V. De Matteis, F. Treso, G. Montani, M. Martino, R. Rinaldi, M. Corrado, M. Cascione
Summary: This review primarily discusses the relationship between contact lens discomfort (CLD) and the surface properties of contact lenses (CLs), specifically the coefficient of friction (CoF). The review emphasizes the importance of introducing a standardized protocol for measuring CoF and calls for a more precise evaluation of the relationship between surface properties and comfort in CLs users.
COLLOIDS AND SURFACES B-BIOINTERFACES
(2024)
Article
Biophysics
Debdip Brahma, Tamal Sarkar, Rupal Kaushik, Akshay Narayan Sarangi, Amar Nath Gupta
Summary: This in-vitro study evaluates the effect of reactive oxygen species (ROS) on the structural rearrangement of elastin. The results show that oxidative stress leads to a decrease in protein size and changes in secondary structure, potentially promoting protein aggregation. This study is important for therapeutics aiming to prevent elastin degradation and aging.
COLLOIDS AND SURFACES B-BIOINTERFACES
(2024)
Article
Biophysics
Xin Yang, Qiang Wang, Chaoxi Yan, Degang Huang, Yinchang Zhang, Huazheng He, Shouliang Xiong, Congming Li, Pingbo Chen, Tingjun Ye, Dan Hu, Lei Wang
Summary: This study presents a practical and effective strategy to improve osseointegration in patients with osteoporosis. By coating titanium implants with polydopamine followed by strontium modification, the bi-functional implants promote bone regeneration and immune regulation. The results show good biocompatibility, sustained release of strontium ions, and stable osseointegration between bone tissues and implants.
COLLOIDS AND SURFACES B-BIOINTERFACES
(2024)
Article
Biophysics
Sengwang Fu, Jianping Zhu, Zhijun Jiang, Yue Cao, Yufei Chen, Lihao Zhang, Sunlong Li, Weipeng Lu, Chengbin Miao, Qing He, Qi Li, Weixing Zhang, Lehao Ren, Yachun Li, Hongchao Shi, Cihui Liu
Summary: Effective management of biofluids is crucial for in vivo surgical interventions. Recent advances include self-sealing needles, drug-eluting stents, and shear-thinning hydrogels. However, complications associated with intestinal mucosal injury and secondary damage still persist. In this study, researchers developed an interpenetrating Janus wettability stent coating that enables unidirectional draining of excessive biofluid. They also demonstrated directional biofluid movement using a self-pumping dressing with potential applications in biofluid collection and disease diagnosis through metal ion detection. This integrated system presents an opportunity for designing wound dressings with effective biofluid management and metal ion detection capabilities.
COLLOIDS AND SURFACES B-BIOINTERFACES
(2024)
Article
Biophysics
Maryam Hassani, Mojtaba Kamankesh, Mazda Rad-Malekshahi, Kobra Rostamizadeh, Farhad Rezaee, Ismaeil Haririan, Seyed Mojtaba Daghighi
Summary: Bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation on the surface of biomaterial implants is a critical problem, and a polymer brush coating with antiadhesive and antimicrobial properties has proven to be highly effective in resolving this issue.
COLLOIDS AND SURFACES B-BIOINTERFACES
(2024)
Article
Biophysics
Huaihong Zhang, Na Liu, Yuting Zhang, Hui Cang, Zhaosheng Cai, Ziqun Huang, Jun Li
Summary: A functionalized cationic polymer, CR-PQAC, was designed and synthesized for photothermal enhanced antimicrobial therapy. The CR-PQAC nanoparticles exhibited significant antibacterial activity and low cytotoxicity against mammalian cells.
COLLOIDS AND SURFACES B-BIOINTERFACES
(2024)
Article
Biophysics
Ipsita Sahu, Priyadarshi Chakraborty
Summary: Peptide nanotechnology bridges the gap between materials and biological worlds by utilizing self-assembly of short-peptide building blocks. Hydrogels engineered from these short peptides show great potential in biomedical applications, but their weak mechanical properties and limited functional diversity need to be addressed. Nanoengineering the networks of these hydrogels by incorporating small molecules, polymers, and inorganic/carbon nanomaterials can enhance their mechanical properties and expand their functional diversity.
COLLOIDS AND SURFACES B-BIOINTERFACES
(2024)
Article
Biophysics
Hao Wei, Yajun Gu, Ao Li, Panpan Song, Dingding Liu, Feihu Sun, Xiaofeng Ma, Xiaoyun Qian
Summary: In this study, a stable three-dimensional conductive hydrogel was prepared by cross-linking MXenes to Matrigel hydrogel. The conductive hydrogel promotes the proliferation and differentiation of NSCs, providing new strategies for neural tissue engineering.
COLLOIDS AND SURFACES B-BIOINTERFACES
(2024)
Article
Biophysics
Yue Zhong, Xiaoli Ge, Juan Zhang, Qun Wei, Feng Wang, Yongke Zhong
Summary: The effect of oxygenic groups on the hemocompatibility of activated carbon was studied through liquid-phase oxidation and subsequent heat treatment. Results showed that the presence of oxygenic groups improved hemocompatibility, while their removal decreased it.
COLLOIDS AND SURFACES B-BIOINTERFACES
(2024)