Carbamylation of LDL and its relationship with myeloperoxidase in Type 2 diabetes mellitus

LDL (low-density lipoprotein) is subjected to pro-atherogenic modifications in the circulation. A novel uraemia-independent mechanism of carbamylation of lipoproteins mediated by MPO (myeloperoxidase) has recently been reported. We have investigated whether carbamylation of LDL was increased in patients with Type 2 diabetes without renal impairment and the role of MPO. cLDL (carbannylated LDL) and MPO were measured by ELISA in a cross-sectional study of 198 patients and 174 non-diabetic controls. The impact of lowering MPO on plasma cLDL was determined by assaying cLDL and MPO in archived samples from a previous randomized open-label parallel group study comparing rosiglitazone (n = 20) and sulfonylurea (n = 24). Both plasma cLDL (P < 0.05) and MPO levels (P < 0.01) were higher in patients with Type 2 diabetes than controls in the cross-sectional study. Plasma cLDL correlated with MPO (r = 0.42 and P< 0.01) in subjects with diabetes, and plasma MPO was an independent determinant of plasma cLDL even after adjusting for age, gender, BMI (body mass index), apoB (apolipoprotein B), urea and HbA(1c), (glycated haemoglobin). In the randomized trial, rosiglitazone significantly lowered MPO (P < 0.01) and cLDL (P < 0.05), whereas no changes were observed in the sulfonylurea group despite a similar reduction in HbAic. The magnitude of reduction in plasma cLDL correlated with changes in MPO, but not with HbA(1c) in the rosiglitazone group, suggesting that lowering MPO reduced plasma cLDL. Plasma cLDL is increased in patients with Type 2 diabetes even in the absence of renal impairment and carbamylation of LDL in these subjects is mainly mediated by MPO and not by urea.