Spike-wave discharges in WAG/Rij rats are preceded by delta and theta precursor activity in cortex and thalamus

Objective: In order to unravel the mechanisms underlying the sudden onset of spontaneous absences in genetically prone subjects, we investigated the immediate precursors of spike-wave discharges (SWDs) produced in cortico-thalamo-cortical neuronal networks. Methods: A time-frequency analysis of the cortical and thalamic ECoG of WAG/Rij rats was accomplished with a continuous wavelet decomposition of SWDs, 3 s prior to the onset of SWDs (pre-SWD), and in control periods devoid of SWDs. Results: The pre-SWD ECoG consisted of delta and theta components in 80-90% of all SWDs simultaneously in cortex and thalamus, the co-occurrence of delta and theta was rare (7%) during control periods. The occurrence of delta and theta events in pre-SWDs in the cortex preceded that in the thalamus. The frequency of theta component in cortex correlated positively with that in thalamus, this correlation was less strong for delta. Conclusion: Precursors of SWDs comprise of delta and theta, their co-occurrence is typical for non-epileptic periods. Thalamic and cortical theta are strongly related. Rhythmic precursors appear earlier in cortex than in thalamus, and this is in line with the cortical origin of SWD. Significance: Simultaneous presence of delta and theta events in EEG is a condition for the occurrence of SWDs. (C) 2010 International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.