Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Lisa Rahangdale, Chemtai Mungo, Siobhan O'Connor, Carla J. Chibwesha, Noel Brewer
Summary: Persistent human papillomavirus infection is the main cause of cervical cancer. Vaccination can reduce the incidence of cervical pre-cancer, but the vaccination coverage is inadequate globally, especially in low and middle income countries. Strategies to improve coverage include increasing accessibility of low-cost vaccines, school located delivery, single-dose vaccine schedules, and development of vaccines that do not require refrigeration. Demand side strategies involve enhancing provider recommendations, correcting misinformation, and public awareness campaigns. Achieving near elimination of cervical cancer is possible through increased human papillomavirus vaccination uptake and efforts to increase cervical cancer screening.
BMJ-BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL
(2022)
Editorial Material
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Lisa Rahangdale, Chemtai Mungo, Siobhan O'Connor, Carla J. Chibwesha, Noel T. Brewer
Summary: The progression of high-risk human papillomavirus to cervical cancer is well characterized, and risk factors including genetic predisposition, hormonal factors, host immune response, and cigarette smoking are well documented. Prevention primarily relies on vaccination and treatment of precancerous lesions. However, less than 25% of low-income countries have HPV vaccination as part of their national immunization schedules. This article summarizes clinical data on the efficacy and effectiveness of HPV vaccination, its potential impact on incidence of invasive cervical squamous cell carcinoma, and strategies to increase access to and uptake of vaccination.
OBSTETRICAL & GYNECOLOGICAL SURVEY
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
David Robert Grimes, Edward M. A. Corry, Talia Malagon, Ciaran O'Riain, Eduardo L. Franco, Donal J. Brennan
Summary: The study compared different cervical cancer screening modalities on a simulated population of women aged >= 25 years, considering the increasing uptake of the HPV vaccine. HPV-based modalities outperformed LBC-based approaches, with reflex approaches and appropriate test intervals maximizing therapeutic efficacy. Increasing HPV vaccination rates resulted in fewer unnecessary colposcopies with HPV-based screening approaches.
Article
Oncology
Jonah Musa, Mamoudou Maiga, Stefan J. Green, Francis A. Magaji, Ali J. Maryam, Mark Okolo, Chuwang J. Nyam, Nanma T. Cosmas, Olugbenga A. Silas, Godwin E. Imade, Yinan Zheng, Brian T. Joyce, Brehima Diakite, Imran Morhason-Bello, Chad J. Achenbach, Atiene S. Sagay, Innocent A. O. Ujah, Robert L. Murphy, Lifang Hou, Supriya Dinesh Mehta
Summary: Vaginal microbiome community state types (CSTs) are not significantly associated with high-grade precancer and/or invasive cervical cancer (HSIL/ICC). However, CST could be helpful in identifying women with HSIL/ICC who have HR-HPV infection. Characterizing CSTs using point-of-care molecular testing in women with HR-HPV should be studied as an approach to improve early detection and prevention of cervical cancer.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Mitsuaki Okodo, Kaori Okayama, Toshiyuki Sasagawa, Koji Teruya, Rei Settsu, Shuichi Mizuno, Yasuyoshi Ishii, Mizue Oda
Summary: The tissue tropism of human papillomavirus (HPV) is determined by its oncogenic potential, with high-risk (HR) types primarily infecting the cervix and low-risk (LR) types primarily infecting the vagina. These findings suggest that tissue tropism of certain HPV types may play a role in malignant progression.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Susanne K. Kjaer, Christian Dehlendorff, Federica Belmonte, Louise Baandrup
Summary: The study demonstrates high effectiveness of HPV vaccination against cervical cancer in females vaccinated under the age of 20, while indicating a lack of immediate effect in those vaccinated between 20-30 years old, emphasizing the importance of early age vaccination.
JNCI-JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE
(2021)
Review
Health Care Sciences & Services
Sok King Ong, Sarah K. Abe, Shyamala Thilagaratnam, Rei Haruyama, Ruchi Pathak, Harindra Jayasekara, Kayo Togawa, Aliza K. C. Bhandari, Abhishek Shankar, Ashrafun Nessa, Uranbolor Jugder, Julyanti Agustina, Mohammed Biglari, Aasim Yusuf, Ugyen Tshomo, Eshani Fernando, Clarito Cairo, Kyaw Kan Kaung, Beauta Rath, Champadeng Vongdala, Kishore Kumar Pradhananga, Jeongseon Kim, Youn Kyung Chung, Tran Thi Thanh Huong, Suleeporn Sangrajran, Yawei Zhang, Partha Basu, Yin Ling Woo, Babu Sukumaran, William Y. K. Hwang
Summary: About 95% of global cervical cancers are caused by HPV. Cervical cancer can be prevented and cured through early detection and treatment. This study reviewed national cervical cancer indicators and barriers to HPV vaccination and cervical cancer screening in 21 Asian countries. It found that half of the countries have introduced HPV vaccination, but only five countries reported screening uptake of over 50%.
LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH-WESTERN PACIFIC
(2023)
Review
Microbiology
Alison A. McBride
Summary: HPVs are a diverse group of viruses that replicate in specific anatomical niches of the stratified epithelia. Most infections are asymptomatic, but some can cause benign proliferative lesions or even cancer. These viruses have evolved to evade the host immune system and manipulate cellular processes to ensure their survival and replication.
NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Virology
Lucas Dufour, Florence Carrouel, Claude Dussart
Summary: French adolescents and their parents show a certain level of distrust and lack of knowledge about the HPV vaccine. Pharmacists play a crucial role in promoting vaccination and restoring confidence in the target population. However, there are gaps in their knowledge, and measures such as training, computer alerts, and supportive materials are needed to improve the promotion and coverage of the HPV vaccine. Additionally, a majority of pharmacists support a pharmacy-based vaccination program.
Article
Oncology
Cecilia Acuti Martellucci, Margherita Morettini, Julia M. L. Brotherton, Karen Canfell, Lamberto Manzoli, Maria Elena Flacco, Matthew Palmer, Paolo Giorgi Rossi, Mose Martellucci, Giusi Giacomini, Marcello Mario D'Errico, Francesca Pasqualini
Summary: In a study conducted in central Italy, catch-up HPV vaccination was found to significantly reduce the risk of cervical abnormalities detected in organized screening and provide herd protection to unvaccinated women.
CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY BIOMARKERS & PREVENTION
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Mervat M. Alsous, Ahlam Ali, Sayer Al-Azzam, Reema Karasneh, Haneen Amawi
Summary: Medical students in Jordan have a moderate level of knowledge about cervical cancer and HPV, with a majority supporting the introduction of HPV vaccination for school girls in Jordan. However, there is limited awareness about the availability of the HPV vaccine and its target population among the students.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Christopher M. Worsham, Jaemin Woo, Andre Zimerman, Charles F. Bray, Anupam B. Jena
Summary: The study found no significant association between mothers' personal history of cervical cancer or cervical biopsy and vaccination rates among children against HPV. Additionally, there were no clinically meaningful differences observed for other vaccinations. This suggests that the salience of vaccine-preventable outcomes may not greatly impact childhood vaccine hesitancy in HPV, and further research is needed for other vaccines.
Article
Oncology
Ali Farhadi, Haniyeh Abuei, Mohammad Ali Okhovat, Bita Geramizadeh, Abbas Behzad-Behbahani, Pei Pei Chong, Negin Nikouyan, Sepide Namdari
Summary: This study found a high prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in women of all age groups with or without premalignant lesions in the southwestern Iran, and the predominant HPV types in the southwest of Iran may differ from those detected in other parts of the country. The results emphasize the need for initiating HPV vaccination for the general population in Iran and developing new vaccines that confer immunity against the prevalent HPV types in the area. Additionally, a combination of ThinPrep cytology test and HPV detection assays is recommended for national cervical screening programs to improve the accuracy of the screening.
CANCER CELL INTERNATIONAL
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Thomas B. Richards, Megan C. Lindley, Sepheen C. Byron, Mona Saraiya
Summary: This study analyzed data from 275 commercial preferred provider organizations (PPOs), 219 commercial health maintenance organizations (HMOs), and 204 Medicaid HMOs in the United States to describe the rates of HPV vaccination and cervical cancer screening. The results showed higher HPV vaccination rates in Medicaid HMOs but lower cervical cancer screening rates, raising questions about factors and strategies to improve prevention performance.
PREVENTIVE MEDICINE
(2022)
Review
Virology
Maya K. Gelbard, Karl Munger
Summary: The number of papillomaviruses identified and sequenced has increased significantly, but only a small fraction has been studied in depth. Most research has focused on the E6 and E7 proteins of high-risk HPV, and their interactions with cellular targets have been extensively investigated. However, new insights into the biological activities and cellular targets of these proteins have been discovered, and previously unstudied HPVs have been associated with human diseases. HPV infections remain a significant cause of human morbidity and mortality, making research on HPVs attractive to new investigators and funding agencies.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2023)