Article
Immunology
Stephen M. Bart, Daniel Rubin, Peter Kim, John J. Farley, Sumathi Nambiar
Summary: Recent analysis of Phase 3 noninferiority trials for hospital-acquired and ventilator-associated bacterial pneumonia revealed higher 28-day all-cause mortality rates among ventilated patients. Factors such as age, residence, diagnosis, and bacterial infection type were associated with mortality risk. A. baumannii infections were more common in Eastern European and Asia/Pacific participants with ventilator-associated pneumonia.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Chia-Hung Chen, Chih-Yen Tu, Wei-Chih Chen, Li-Kuo Kuo, Yao-Tung Wang, Pin-Kuei Fu, Shih-Chi Ku, Wen-Feng Fang, Chin-Ming Chen, Chih-Cheng Lai
Summary: The study aimed to compare the effectiveness of cefoperazone-sulbactam and piperacillin-tazobactam in treating HAP and VAP, finding no significant differences in clinical outcomes between the two treatments, including clinical cure rate, failure rate, and all-cause mortality rate.
INFECTION AND DRUG RESISTANCE
(2021)
Review
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
J. A. Suaya, M. A. Fletcher, L. Georgalis, A. G. Arguedas, J. M. McLaughlin, G. Ferreira, C. Theilacker, B. D. Gessner, T. Verstraeten
Summary: Hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) is more severe than community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). The prevalence of Streptococcus pneumoniae in HAP episodes was summarized in this study. S. pneumoniae was identified in 5.1% of HAP episodes, with higher rates in the intensive care unit.
JOURNAL OF HOSPITAL INFECTION
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Wei Gao, Julie Passarell, Yogesh T. Patel, Zufei Zhang, Gina Lin, Jill Fiedler-Kelly, Christopher J. Bruno, Elizabeth G. Rhee, Carisa S. De Anda, Hwa-Ping Feng
Summary: An analysis was conducted to evaluate the relationship between plasma exposure of ceftolozane and tazobactam and efficacy endpoints in patients with hospital-acquired or ventilator-associated bacterial pneumonia. The results showed that the recommended dosing regimens of ceftolozane/tazobactam for these patients are effective.
ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Anupop Jitmuang, Soravit Puttinad, Sivaporn Hemvimol, Siri Pansasiri, Navin Horthongkham
Summary: The clinical utility of the BioFire FilmArray Pneumonia Panel Plus (BFPP) in diagnosing hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) and ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) was evaluated. The BFPP showed excellent diagnostic sensitivity, but limitations were observed in detecting antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes and certain bacteria.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Richard G. Wunderink, Antoine Roquilly, Martin Croce, Daniel Rodriguez Gonzalez, Satoshi Fujimi, Joan R. Butterton, Natasha Broyde, Myra W. Popejoy, Jason Y. Kim, Carisa De Anda
Summary: Tedizolid demonstrated noninferiority to linezolid in terms of day 28 all-cause mortality in the treatment of gram-positive ventilated HABP/VABP, but noninferiority was not demonstrated for investigator-assessed clinical cure at test of cure. Both drugs were well tolerated.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Javier de-Miguel-Diez, Rodrigo Jimenez-Garcia, Valentin Hernandez-Barrera, Jose M. de-Miguel-Yanes, David Carabantes-Alarcon, Ana Lopez-de-Andres
Summary: The study shows that the incidence of hospital-acquired pneumonia is significantly higher in COPD patients compared to non-COPD patients in Spain, mainly due to non-ventilator-associated pneumonia. The incidence is higher in men than in women, with no significant difference in in-hospital mortality rates between COPD and non-COPD patients.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Huamei Zhuang, Chih-Cheng Lai, Shao-Huan Lan, Shen-Peng Chang, Li-Chin Lu, Shun-Hsing Hung, Wei-Ting Lin
Summary: Comparative studies showed that the efficacy and safety of novel BL/BLI combinations for HAP/VAP were similar to other antibiotics.
JOURNAL OF GLOBAL ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Jessica Howard-Anderson, Toshimitsu Hamasaki, Weixiao Dai, Deborah Collyar, Daniel Rubin, Sumathi Nambiar, Tori Kinamon, Heidi Leister-Tebbe, Carol Hill, Holly Geres, Thomas L. Holland, Sarah B. Doernberg, Henry F. Chambers, Vance G. Fowler Jr, Scott R. Evans, Helen W. Boucher
Summary: The study developed a patient-centered outcome ranking (DOOR) for hospital-acquired and ventilator-associated bacterial pneumonia (HABP/VABP) and applied it to two previously completed clinical trials. The DOOR provided more detailed information about clinical outcomes and could be used prospectively in future HABP/VABP trials.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Evan Carey, Richard Blankenhorn, Peter Chen, Shannon Munro
Summary: The incidence of NV-HAP among veteran acute care admissions decreased linearly over time, but had an uptick during the onset of the Covid-19 pandemic. Veterans with NV-HAP had higher mortality rates, longer hospital stays, and higher rates of inpatient sepsis. Effective monitoring and prevention measures can significantly reduce negative outcomes.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INFECTION CONTROL
(2022)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Yun Jung Jung, Eun Jin Kim, Young Hwa Choi
Summary: Aerosolized antibiotics are increasingly used to treat respiratory infections caused by drug-resistant pathogens, especially in critically ill patients with hospital-acquired pneumonia and ventilator-associated pneumonia. However, their efficacy and potential risks of side effects limit their rationale for use.
KOREAN JOURNAL OF INTERNAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Review
Critical Care Medicine
Chiagozie Pickens, Richard G. Wunderink
Summary: MRSA is a common cause of hospital-acquired pneumonia, associated with high morbidity and mortality. The pathogen's multiple virulence factors contribute to its effectiveness. Diagnosis of MRSA pneumonia can be challenging and treatment options have evolved.
SEMINARS IN RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Min Hyuk Choi, Dokyun Kim, Kyoung Hwa Lee, Jae Hwa Cho, Seok Hoon Jeong
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the changes in pathogens causing hospital-acquired bacterial pneumonia (HABP), their antimicrobial resistance patterns, and the risk factors for 28-day all-cause mortality in patients with HABP. The annual incidence of Staphylococcus aureus HABP decreased while that of Klebsiella pneumoniae HABP increased significantly. The resistance rate of S. aureus to methicillin decreased, while the non-susceptibility rate of K. pneumoniae to carbapenems increased. HABP caused by certain pathogens and preceded by COVID-19 was associated with increased mortality and incidence of bacteraemic pneumonia.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS
(2023)
Review
Critical Care Medicine
Anahita Rouze, Saad Nseir
Summary: Although few studies have evaluated the incidence of hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) or ventilator-associated tracheobronchitis in COVID-19 patients, several studies have shown a higher incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) in these patients. The high incidence of VAP in COVID-19 patients is attributed to factors such as prolonged invasive mechanical ventilation, increased incidence of acute respiratory distress syndrome, and immune-suppressive treatment. VAP is associated with increased mortality, duration of mechanical ventilation, and ICU length of stay in COVID-19 patients.
SEMINARS IN RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Critical Care Medicine
Jennie Johnstone, John Muscedere, Joanna Dionne, Erick Duan, Bram Rochwerg, John Centofanti, Simon Oczkowski, Francois Lauzier, John Marshall, Diane Heels-Ansdell, Nick Daneman, Sangeeta Mehta, Yaseen Arabi, Nicole Zytaruk, Peter Dodek, Neill K. Adhikari, Tim Karachi, Emmanuel Charbonney, Henry T. Stelfox, Arnold S. Kristof, Ian Ball, Lori Hand, Rob Fowler, Ryan Zarychanski, Charles St Arnaud, Alyson Takaoka, James Kutsogiannis, Kosar Khwaja, Wendy Sligl, Osama Loubani, Jennifer Tsang, Daphnee Lamarche, Dawn Bowdish, Michael Surette, Deborah Cook
Summary: This study aimed to analyze ICU-acquired pneumonia according to 7 definitions and estimate associated hospital mortality. The results showed that the frequency of ICU-acquired pneumonia varied by definition, and it was associated with differential increased risk of death.
JOURNAL OF CRITICAL CARE
(2023)
Editorial Material
Immunology
John H. Powers
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Editorial Material
Immunology
Michael S. Sinha, John H. Powers, Aaron S. Kesselheim
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Sameer S. Kadri, Yi Ling Lai, Sarah Warner, Jeffrey R. Strich, Ahmed Babiker, Emily E. Ricotta, Cumhur Y. Demirkale, John P. Dekker, Tara N. Palmore, Chanu Rhee, Michael Klompas, David C. Hooper, John H. Powers, Arjun Srinivasan, Robert L. Danner, Jennifer Adjemian
Summary: Approximately one in five patients with bloodstream infections in US hospitals received discordant empirical antibiotic therapy, which was closely associated with increased odds of mortality. Early identification of bloodstream pathogens and resistance will probably improve population-level outcomes.
LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Editorial Material
Immunology
Peter Doshi, John H. Powers
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Editorial Material
Immunology
John H. Powers
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Owen Dean, Seher Anjum, Terri Scott, Lillian Ham, Katherine Traino, Jing Wang, Sally Hunsberger, John H. Powers, Kieren A. Marr, Joseph Snow, Peter R. Williamson
Summary: This study is the first comprehensive investigation into the long-term quality of life (QOL) in previously healthy patients following cryptococcal infection. The results showed that 61% of respondents reported moderate or severe self-reported impairment in at least one QOL domain, with 52% reporting cognitive impairment and 55% reporting sleep disturbance.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Pablo F. Belaunzaran-Zamudio, Allyson Mateja, Paola del Carmen Guerra-de-Blas, Hector A. Rincon-Leon, Karla Navarro-Fuentes, Emilia Ruiz-Hernandez, Sandra Caballero-Sosa, Francisco Camas-Duran, Zoila Priego-Smith, Jose G. Najera-Cancino, Alexander Lopez-Roblero, Karina del Carmen Trujillo-Murillo, John H. Powers, Sally Hunsberger, Sophia Siddiqui, John H. Beigel, Raydel Valdes-Salgado, Guillermo Ruiz-Palacios
Summary: This study helps to characterize the variety and duration of clinical features in patients with Zika, dengue, and unknown causes of acute illnesses. Differences in frequency and duration of symptoms were observed between patients with Zika, dengue, and unknown causes. It remains unclear whether symptoms alone can distinguish these diseases in individual patients, highlighting the need for better diagnostics.
PLOS NEGLECTED TROPICAL DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Pablo F. Belaunzaran-Zamudio, Ana M. Ortega-Villa, Alberto J. Mimenza-Alvarado, Paola Del Carmen Guerra-De-Blas, Sara G. Aguilar-Navarro, Jesus Sepulveda-Delgado, Sally Hunsberger, Raydel Valdes Salgado, Jose Ramos-Castaneda, Hector Armando Rincon Leon, Paul Rodriguez de La Rosa, Jose Gabriel Najera Cancino, John Beigel, Sandra Caballero Sosa, Emilia Ruiz Hernandez, John H. Powers, Guillermo M. Ruiz-Palacios, Clifford Lane
Summary: The study investigated the impact of Zika virus on neurocognitive function, finding that Zika infection may lead to mild cognitive impairment, particularly in memory function. The results showed a decrease in cognitive function in patients with Zika and other acute illnesses, but did not provide evidence to support the hypothesis that Zika may cause longer-term neurocognitive alterations compared to other infectious diseases.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Sameer S. Kadri, Junfeng Sun, Alexander Lawandi, Jeffrey R. Strich, Lindsay M. Busch, Michael Keller, Ahmed Babiker, Christina Yek, Seidu Malik, Janell Krack, John P. Dekker, Alicen B. Spaulding, Emily Ricotta, John H. Powers, Chanu Rhee, Michael Klompas, Janhavi Athale, Tegan K. Boehmer, Adi Gundlapalli, William Bentley, S. Deblina Datta, Robert L. Danner, Cumhur Y. Demirkale, Sarah Warner
Summary: A retrospective cohort study conducted on COVID-19 patients from 558 U.S. hospitals between March and August 2020 found a significant increase in COVID-19 mortality rate with higher surge index percentiles, with the highest mortality rate observed in the 99th percentile and above. The study also revealed that despite increased use of corticosteroids and more judicious intubation in later months, the surge-mortality relationship was stronger in June to August compared to March to May.
ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Belinda M. Jackson-Thompson, Emilie Goguet, Eric D. Laing, Cara H. Olsen, Simon Pollett, K. Monique Hollis-Perry, Santina E. Maiolatesi, Luca Illinik, Kathleen F. Ramsey, Anatalio E. Reyes, Yolanda Alcorta, Mimi A. Wong, Julian Davies, Orlando Ortega, Edward Parmelee, Alyssa R. Lindrose, Matthew Moser, Elizabeth Graydon, Andrew G. Letizia, Christopher A. Duplessis, Anuradha Ganesan, Kathleen P. Pratt, Allison M. Malloy, David W. Scott, Stephen K. Anderson, Andrew L. Snow, Clifton L. Dalgard, John H. Powers, David Tribble, Timothy H. Burgess, Christopher C. Broder, Edward Mitre
Summary: This study aims to determine the frequency of asymptomatic or pauci-symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection in at-risk healthcare workers, as well as the impact of antibodies to seasonal human coronaviruses on the course of COVID-19 disease. It will also evaluate the effects of pre-existing immune responses to seasonal HCoVs on the magnitude and duration of antibody and T cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination.
BMC INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Pablo F. Belaunzaran-Zamudio, Hector Armando Rincon Leon, Sandra Caballero Sosa, Emilia Ruiz, Jose Gabriel Najera Cancino, Paul Rodriguez de La Rosa, Maria de Lourdes Guerrero Almeida, John H. I. I. I. I. I. I. Powers, John H. Beigel, Sally Hunsberger, Karina Trujillo, Pilar Ramos, Fernando J. Arteaga-Cabello, Alexander Lopez-Roblero, Raydel Valdes-Salgado, Hugo Arroyo-Figueroa, Eli Becerril, Guillermo Ruiz-Palacios
Summary: A prospective cohort study in Mexico near the Guatemala border area evaluated the natural history of Zika virus infection. The frequency of Zika peaked and declined over a two-year period after its introduction, while dengue increased with a predominance in 2018. Different epidemiologic patterns between Zika, dengue, and unidentified illness episodes were observed.
BMC INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Desmond Curran, Eliazar Sabater Cabrera, Benjamin Bracke, Kimberly Raymond, April Foster, Cindy Umanzor, Philibert Goulet, John H. I. I. I. I. I. I. Powers
Summary: This study provides insights into the impact of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) on older adults in the USA, highlighting the substantial impacts on daily life and confirming the appropriateness of using the InFLUenza Patient Reported Outcome (FLU-PRO) as a measure of RSV symptoms in this population.
INFLUENZA AND OTHER RESPIRATORY VIRUSES
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Si'Ana A. Coggins, Eric D. Laing, Cara H. Olsen, Emilie Goguet, Matthew Moser, Belinda M. Jackson-Thompson, Emily C. Samuels, Simon D. Pollett, David R. Tribble, Julian Davies, Luca Illinik, Monique Hollis-Perry, Santina E. Maiolatesi, Christopher A. Duplessis, Kathleen F. Ramsey, Anatalio E. Reyes, Yolanda Alcorta, Mimi A. Wong, Gregory Wang, Orlando Ortega, Edward Parmelee, Alyssa R. Lindrose, Andrew L. Snow, Allison M. W. Malloy, Andrew G. Letizia, Daniel Ewing, John H. Powers, Kevin L. Schully, Timothy H. Burgess, Christopher C. Broder, Edward Mitre
Summary: The severity of postvaccination symptoms does not correlate with the magnitude of vaccine-induced antibody levels one month after receiving the Pfizer/BioNTech BNT162b2 vaccine. Additional findings include an inverse correlation between symptoms and age/weight, along with more frequent systemic symptoms after the second vaccination and lower antibody titers in older individuals.
OPEN FORUM INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Emilie Goguet, John H. Powers, Cara H. Olsen, David R. Tribble, Julian Davies, Luca Illinik, Belinda M. Jackson-Thompson, Monique Hollis-Perry, Santina E. Maiolatesi, Simon Pollett, Christopher A. Duplessis, Gregory Wang, Kathleen F. Ramsey, Anatalio E. Reyes, Yolanda Alcorta, Mimi A. Wong, Orlando Ortega, Edward Parmelee, Alyssa R. Lindrose, Matthew Moser, Emily C. Samuels, Si'Ana A. Coggins, Elizabeth Graydon, Sara Robinson, Wesley Campbell, Allison M. W. Malloy, Logan J. Voegtly, Catherine E. Arnold, Regina Z. Cer, Francisco Malagon, Kimberly A. Bishop-Lilly, Timothy H. Burgess, Christopher C. Broder, Eric D. Laing, Edward Mitre
Summary: This study aimed to determine the frequency of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections in a cohort of healthcare workers. The results suggest that asymptomatic infections in unvaccinated, immunocompetent adults are less common than previously reported.
OPEN FORUM INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Rosa Rodriguez-Monguio, Enrique Seoane-Vazquez, John H. Powers
Summary: The US Congress has passed legislation since 1980 to provide incentives for the development and approval of new drugs, with a focus on antibiotics. A study was conducted to analyze the long-term trends and characteristics of drug approvals and discontinuations by the US FDA, as well as the reasons for discontinuations. The results showed that a significant number of drugs had been discontinued, including antibiotics, and the FDA has implemented measures to address the issue of antibiotic resistance.