Article
Nursing
Audrey Lyndon, Kathleen Rice Simpson, Joanne Spetz, Jie Zhong, Caryl L. Gay, Jason Fletcher, Gay L. Landstrom
Summary: The study aims to determine the relationship between nurse-reported staffing, missed nursing care during labor and birth, and exclusive breast milk feeding during childbirth hospitalization. The results suggest that hospitals' nurse-reported compliance with staffing guidelines predicts exclusive breast milk feeding rates.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ejigayehu Tolessa Bultum, Elias Merdassa Roro, Tsedeke Wolde, Ilili Feyessa Regasa
Summary: Only about 39% of infants in low- and middle-income countries are exclusively breast-fed for the first six months. Exclusive breastfeeding practices among HIV positive mothers in Ethiopia are sub-optimal. Factors influencing exclusive breastfeeding practices among HIV positive breast-feeding mothers include receiving advice on exclusive breastfeeding, disclosure of HIV status to someone close to them, and belief in the transmission of HIV during delivery.
Article
Microbiology
Junhyup Song, Sinyoung Kim, Eunmin Kwak, Younhee Park
Summary: In this study, the measurement procedure of CMV load in breast milk using the Cobas CMV test on the Cobas 6,800 system was evaluated. The study found CMV positivity rates in breast milk and neonatal samples to be 57.8% and 5.2% respectively, with a CMV transmission rate of 7.7%. The simplified sample preparation method showed equivalent or improved CMV detection sensitivity compared to the conventional method. This approach provides a convenient and reliable method for monitoring breast milk CMV positivity, contributing to the reduction of vertical CMV transmission.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Amali Malshani Samaraweera, Vinzent Boerner, Suneth Disnaka, Julius J. H. van der Werf, Susanne Hermesch
Summary: Milk electrical conductivity and milk flow rate are potential indicators for selecting mastitis resistance. This study aimed to estimate the genetic parameters for mastitis traits in imported Jersey and Jersey-Friesian dairy cows. The results showed low heritability for mastitis traits, but improvement in mastitis resistance could be achieved through indirect selection.
Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
H. Shalev Ram, S. Ram, I Wiser, N. Tchernin, G. Chodick, Y. Cohen, G. Rofe
Summary: A study found that breastfeeding women with breast implants have a higher risk of developing lactational mastitis in the six-month postpartum period. Therefore, it is important for healthcare professionals to educate women with breast implants on proper breastfeeding techniques and early signs of mastitis.
BJOG-AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Esmaeil Ebrahimie, Manijeh Mohammadi-Dehcheshmeh, Richard Laven, Kiro Petrovski
Summary: Invisible (subclinical) mastitis reduces milk quality and production, while machine learning has enabled early prediction of mastitis based on milking parameters. However, farm heterogeneity poses a challenge, but a classification and scaling approach can aid in discovering multiple patterns for mastitis detection.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
S. Pegolo, A. Toscano, V. Bisutti, A. Vanzin, D. Giannuzzi, L. Gallo, F. Tagliapietra, P. Ruegg, M. Gianesella, M. Mele, S. Schiavon, A. Cecchinato
Summary: Mastitis, especially the subclinical form, is a common problem in dairy cows. This study investigated the impact of subclinical intramammary infection and somatic cell count on milk fatty acid composition, finding that infection reduced the proportions of short-chain fatty acids but increased the proportion of medium-chain fatty acid 16:0.
Article
Pediatrics
Anita L. Esquerra-Zwiers, Carly Mulder, Lauren Czmer, Anastasia Perecki, Emilie Dykstra Goris, Ching Tat Lai, Donna Geddes
Summary: This study investigated the associations between day 10 postpartum secretory activation biomarkers and breastfeeding outcomes. The results showed that elevated sodium levels and sodium: potassium ratio were related to insufficient milk supply, indicating that these biomarkers can be used to identify lactation compromise and improve breastfeeding duration.
JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS
(2023)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Charalambia K. Michael, Daphne T. Lianou, Natalia G. C. Vasileiou, Vasia S. Mavrogianni, Efthymia Petinaki, George C. Fthenakis
Summary: This study aimed to describe the incidence risk of subclinical mastitis in dairy flocks, explore its association with milk quality, and identify factors contributing to high-incidence risk of infection. The results showed that the overall incidence risk of subclinical mastitis was 51.7%, with variation among farms. Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus simulans were the most frequently identified bacteria, and 65.4% of the mastitis-causing staphylococcal isolates were biofilm-forming. Somatic cell counts in bulk-tank milk were significantly correlated with the prevalence of subclinical mastitis. Factors such as delayed separation of newborns from dams, delayed start of milking, lack of anti-mastitis vaccination, and absence of staff on the farms were significantly associated with increased incidence risk of subclinical mastitis.
Article
Pediatrics
Marie Danielo Jouhier, Cecile Boscher, Jean-Christophe Roze, Nicolas Cailleau, Frederic Chaligne, Arnaud Legrand, Cyril Flamant, Jean-Baptiste Muller
Summary: The study found that osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT) did not improve exclusive breastfeeding at 1 month, with no significant difference between the intervention and control groups after adjustment. Despite the lack of efficacy, no adverse effects were reported in either group.
ARCHIVES OF DISEASE IN CHILDHOOD-FETAL AND NEONATAL EDITION
(2021)
Review
Microbiology
Clair L. Firth, Katrin Kremer, Thomas Werner, Annemarie Kaesbohrer
Summary: Studies have shown that feeding milk with antimicrobial residues significantly increases the prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant faecal bacteria in dairy calves, while feeding waste milk can have positive effects such as daily liveweight gain, but may also lead to the selection of resistant bacteria and negative consequences for global public health.
Article
Allergy
Christian Rosas-Salazar, Meghan H. Shilts, Zheng-Zheng Tang, Qilin Hong, Kedir N. Turi, Brittney M. Snyder, Derek A. Wiggins, Christian E. Lynch, Tebeb Gebretsadik, R. Stokes Peebles, Larry J. Anderson, Suman R. Das, Tina V. Hartert
Summary: Exclusive breast-feeding has a protective causal role in reducing the risk of lower respiratory tract infections, asthma, and allergic rhinitis in childhood. This association may be mediated through its impact on the early-life upper respiratory tract and gut microbiome, as well as the immune response in infancy.
JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Pediatrics
Jun Eon Lee, Yea Seul Han, Tae-Jung Sung, Dong Hyun Kim, Byung Ok Kwak
Summary: Premature infants are at greater risk of developing postnatal CMV infection, especially through breast milk. High CMV viral load in breast milk is associated with transmission of infection. Further studies are needed to prevent severe CMV infections in premature infants.
FRONTIERS IN PEDIATRICS
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Anna Norberg, Hanna Susi, Suvi Sallinen, Pezhman Baran, Nicholas J. Clark, Anna-Liisa Laine
Summary: Viruses are an underestimated component of biodiversity existing in diverse communities. Integrating community ecology with disease biology can provide insights into the drivers of pathogen community assembly. This study explores the diversity and co-occurrence structure of within-host virus communities, highlighting how environmental variability can influence disease risks.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
S. Pegolo, R. Tessari, V Bisutti, A. Vanzin, D. Giannuzzi, M. Gianesella, A. Lisuzzo, E. Fiore, A. Barberio, E. Schiavon, E. Trevisi, F. Piccioli Cappelli, L. Gallo, P. Ruegg, R. Negrini, A. Cecchinato
Summary: This study investigated the associations between subclinical intra-mammary infection (IMI) and milk composition, udder health indicators, and cheesemaking traits. The results showed that udder health indicators were associated with increased SCC and IMI, and IMI had detrimental effects on milk quality and cheesemaking ability.
JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Elizabeth T. Rogawski McQuade, James A. Platts-Mills, Jean Gratz, Jixian Zhang, Lawrence H. Moulton, Kuda Mutasa, Florence D. Majo, Naume Tavengwa, Robert Ntozini, Andrew J. Prendergast, Jean H. Humphrey, Jie Liu, Eric R. Houpt
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2020)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Goro Yamada, Jessica C. Jones-Smith, Carlos Castillo-Salgado, Lawrence H. Moulton
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION
(2020)
Article
Immunology
Ceri Evans, Bernard Chasekwa, Robert Ntozini, Florence D. Majo, Kuda Mutasa, Naume Tavengwa, Batsirai Mutasa, Mduduzi N. N. Mbuya, Laura E. Smith, Rebecca J. Stoltzfus, Lawrence H. Moulton, Jean H. Humphrey, Andrew J. Prendergast
Summary: In rural Zimbabwe, mortality remains 40% higher among children exposed to HIV, vertical transmission exceeds elimination targets, and half of HIV-exposed uninfected children are stunted. It is suggested that the composite outcome of being alive, HIV free, and thriving should be the long-term goal of PMTCT programs.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Wellington Murenjekwa, Rachel Makasi, Robert Ntozini, Bernard Chasekwa, Kuda Mutasa, Lawrence H. Moulton, James M. Tielsch, Jean H. Humphrey, Laura E. Smith, Andrew J. Prendergast, Claire D. Bourke
Summary: A study involving 4437 participants showed a high prevalence of urogenital schistosomiasis among pregnant women, but it was not significantly associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes or child growth. The findings suggest that including pregnant women in anti-infection treatment programs would still be beneficial.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Ethan K. Gough, Lawrence H. Moulton, Kuda Mutasa, Robert Ntozini, Rebecca J. Stoltzfus, Florence D. Majo, Laura E. Smith, Gordana Panic, Natasa Giallourou, Mark Jamell, Peter Kosek, Jonathan R. Swann, Jean H. Humphrey, Andrew J. Prendergast
PLOS NEGLECTED TROPICAL DISEASES
(2020)
Article
Immunology
Robert Ntozini, Jaya Chandna, Ceri Evans, Bernard Chasekwa, Florence D. Majo, Gwendoline Kandawasvika, Naume Tavengwa, Batsirai Mutasa, Kuda Mutasa, Lawrence H. Moulton, Jean H. Humphrey, Melissa J. Gladstone, Andrew J. Prendergast
JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL AIDS SOCIETY
(2020)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Joice Tome, Mduduzi N. N. Mbuya, Rachel R. Makasi, Robert Ntozini, Andrew J. Prendergast, Katherine L. Dickin, Gretel H. Pelto, Mark A. Constas, Lawrence H. Moulton, Rebecca J. Stoltzfus, Jean H. Humphrey, Cynthia R. Matare
Summary: Research suggests that maternal gender norm attitudes, social support, and decision-making autonomy during pregnancy are associated with the growth and development of 18-month-old infants. Strengthening these maternal capabilities may improve child nutritional status.
MATERNAL AND CHILD NUTRITION
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Thomas Althaus, Bernard Chasekwa, Ruairi C. Robertson, Robert Ntozini, Katie Greenland, Jean H. Humphrey, Andrew J. Prendergast
Summary: Among reproductive-age women in sub-Saharan Africa, the prevalence of overweight and obesity is increasing. Maternal body mass index (BMI) may influence the risk of infant infections in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). Data from a birth cohort of 5344 HIV-unexposed Zimbabwean infants showed that the rate of sick clinic visits for infections during the first 12 months postpartum progressively rose among infants of overweight and obese women, particularly due to skin, respiratory, and ear infections. Maternal obesity may therefore influence infant infectious morbidity in LMIC over the first year after birth.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Nadia Koyratty, Andrew D. Jones, Roseanne Schuster, Katarzyna Kordas, Chin-Shang Li, Mduduzi N. N. Mbuya, Godfred O. Boateng, Robert Ntozini, Bernard Chasekwa, Jean H. Humphrey, Laura E. Smith
Summary: The study conceptualized and measured the multidimensional aspects of household food insecurity and water insecurity separately, identifying key dimensions for each. Internal validity tests showed associations between these dimensions and a set of exogenous variables, supporting their predictive, convergent, and discriminant validity.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH
(2021)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Lawrence H. Moulton
Summary: This article discusses the restrictions on randomization and their consequences in cluster randomized trials, explains the Fisher-Bailey validity, and provides examples of the tradeoff between balance and validity.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Thomas Frederick Dunne, Jaya Chandna, Florence Majo, Naume Tavengwa, Batsirai Mutasa, Bernard Chasekwa, Robert Ntozini, Andrew J. Prendergast, Jean H. Humphrey, Melissa J. Gladstone
Summary: Approximately 1-in-20 children in rural Zimbabwe were identified to have functional difficulty, which is comparable to previous studies. The Washington Group Child Functioning Module (WGCFM) showed concurrent validity with the Malawi Developmental Assessment Tool (MDAT), supporting its use in early childhood. Children from families with food insecurity and poorer housing were more at risk of functional difficulty.
Letter
Pediatrics
Jonathan Broad, James Church, Kuda Mutasa, Florence D. Majo, Naume Tavengwa, Bernard Chasekwa, Jean H. Humphrey, Robert Ntozini, Andrew J. Prendergast
ARCHIVES OF DISEASE IN CHILDHOOD
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ruairi C. C. Robertson, Thaddeus J. J. Edens, Lynnea Carr, Kuda Mutasa, Ethan K. K. Gough, Ceri Evans, Hyun Min Geum, Iman Baharmand, Sandeep K. K. Gill, Robert Ntozini, Laura E. E. Smith, Bernard Chasekwa, Florence D. D. Majo, Naume V. V. Tavengwa, Batsirai Mutasa, Freddy Francis, Joice Tome, Rebecca J. J. Stoltzfus, Jean H. H. Humphrey, Andrew J. J. Prendergast, Amee R. R. Manges
Summary: Stunting affects 1 in 5 children globally and is associated with health issues. The gut microbiome in early life plays a role in child growth. This study shows that the gut microbiome of infants in rural Zimbabwe undergoes programmed maturation, which is not affected by sanitation and nutrition interventions but is influenced by maternal HIV infection and can moderately predict linear growth.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
James A. Church, Sandra Rukobo, Margaret Govha, Ethan K. Gough, Bernard Chasekwa, Benjamin Lee, Marya P. Carmolli, Gordana Panic, Natasa Giallourou, Robert Ntozini, Kuda Mutasa, Monica M. McNeal, Florence D. Majo, Naume Tavengwa, Jonathan R. Swann, Lawrence H. Moulton, Beth D. Kirkpatrick, Jean H. Humphrey, Andrew J. Prendergast
Summary: The study found no strong evidence of an association between EED and poor RVV immunogenicity, but weak evidence suggested a potential link between EED and increased immunogenicity. Improving WASH did not have an impact on EED biomarkers.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Jaya Chandna, Robert Ntozini, Ceri Evans, Gwendoline Kandawasvika, Bernard Chasekwa, Florence Majo, Kuda Mutasa, Naume Tavengwa, Batsirai Mutasa, Mdhu Mbuya, Lawrence H. Moulton, Jean H. Humphrey, Andrew Prendergast, Melissa Gladstone