Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Adam Wisnewski, Julian Campillo Luna, Carrie A. Redlich
Summary: Study on 4 subjects showed that COVID-19 mRNA vaccines effectively induce spike antigen-specific IgG and IgA, but there are marked differences in their persistence in serum.
Review
Immunology
Katherine Hendricks, Marissa K. Person, John S. Bradley, Thitipong Mongkolrattanothai, Nathaniel Hupert, Peter Eichacker, Arthur M. Friedlander, William A. Bower
Summary: This systematic review examined the clinical and demographic characteristics of adults and children hospitalized with anthrax from 1880 to 2018, finding cutaneous anthrax to be the most common form. Since 1960, adult anthrax mortality has ranged from 31% for cutaneous to 90% for primary meningitis, and advances in treatment and critical care have improved survival rates for patients.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Biology
Tatiana Kravchenko, Galina Titareva, Irina Bakhteeva, Tatiana Kombarova, Alexander Borzilov, Raisa Mironova, Kseniya Khlopova, Vitalii Timofeev
Summary: The study demonstrates that Syrian hamsters can be used as a biological model for studying recombinant anthrax vaccines. Double vaccination with recombinant proteins in Syrian hamsters leads to high titers of specific antibodies and protection from infection. Syrian hamsters are shown to be more comparable to guinea pigs than mice in terms of antibody production and protection.
Review
Immunology
Marissa K. Person, Rachel Cook, John S. Bradley, Nathaniel Hupert, William A. Bower, Katherine Hendricks
Summary: This study reviewed treatment outcomes for anthrax patients and found that combination therapy appeared to be superior to monotherapy for inhalation anthrax without meningitis, while monotherapy was sufficient for localized cutaneous anthrax. Neither monotherapy nor combination therapy were particularly effective for anthrax meningitis, but postexposure prophylaxis with antibiotics was effective for B. anthracis exposures.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Rebeca Santano, Diana Barrios, Fatima Crispi, Francesca Crovetto, Marta Vidal, Jordi Chi, Luis Izquierdo, Eduard Gratacos, Gemma Moncunill, Carlota Dobano
Summary: The study evaluated the performance of serological diagnostic tests for SARS-CoV-2, finding that ELISA IgG showed high agreement in pregnant women and cord blood samples, while IgM/A had lower agreement. The ELISA test had high sensitivity of 96% but low specificity of 22%, with a negative predictive value of 87% and a positive predictive value of 51%.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Pietro Ferrara, Vincenza Gianfredi, Venera Tomaselli, Riccardo Polosa
Summary: This rapid systematic review investigates the impact of smoking on humoral response to COVID-19 vaccines. The findings suggest that smokers have lower antibody titres or a more rapid decline in vaccine-induced antibodies compared to non-smokers. These results indicate a negative effect of smoking on the humoral response to COVID-19 vaccines.
Editorial Material
Medicine, General & Internal
Alex S. Keuroghlian
Summary: This article describes the experience of the director of a Harvard Medical School course on caring for patients with diverse sexual orientations, gender identities, and sex development, who encountered the health disinformation machine when extremists focused on the course.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Evelyn Lombarte Espinosa, Maria Cruz Villuendas Uson, Jorge Arribas Garcia, Isabel Jado Garcia, Rafael Huarte Lacunza, Paola Zarate Chug, Luis Manuel Claraco Vega, Maria Jesus Santed Andres, Maria Jimenez Rios, Rachel Cook, J. Marc Simard, Anne E. Boyer, Antonio Rezusta
Summary: This report describes the case of a 49-year-old construction worker who acquired a Bacillus anthracis infection after working on a sheep farm. He experienced severe symptoms but responded favorably to antibiotic treatment and fully recovered.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Gizem Dursun, Dunja Bijelic, Nese Aysit, Burcu Kurt Vatandaslar, Lidija R. Radenovic, Abdulkerim capar, Bilal Ersen Kerman, Pavle Andjus, Andrej Korenic, Ufuk ozkaya
Summary: Automated screening systems combined with machine learning methods are becoming increasingly important in healthcare for disease diagnosis. This study proposes a segmentation and classification-based approach for automated screening of calcium imaging. The method uses projection, segmentation, and classification steps to analyze Ca2+ time-lapse images. The results show high segmentation F-scores and a classification accuracy of up to 90.14%. Interestingly, better segmentation results did not always lead to improved classification performance. This method offers a semi-autonomous tool for segmenting parameters and achieving optimal classification accuracy.
Article
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Felix Juefei-Xu, Run Wang, Yihao Huang, Qing Guo, Lei Ma, Yang Liu
Summary: The development and application of DeepFake technology have made significant progress in both benign and malicious fields. Research on combating DeepFake technology is a new and hot direction, pushing the progress of research and opening up new directions through the confrontation of both sides.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTER VISION
(2022)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Jordan T. Bateman, Sandy E. Saunders, Erica S. Levitt
Summary: This review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the pharmacological mechanisms of opioid-induced respiratory depression, with the goal of improving therapeutic options for opioid overdose and other detrimental effects on breathing. The review discusses the development of tolerance in the respiratory system and differences in the degree of respiratory depression caused by different opioid agonists. Potential future therapeutic agents targeting non-opioid receptors are also explored.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Doaa M. AlEraky, Hatem M. Abuohashish, Amr S. Bugshan, Maha M. Abdelsalam, Hussain A. AlHawaj, Taleb T. AlKhamis, Fatimah A. AlDossary, Nabras M. Alrayes, Yasser M. Ragab, Zeinab AbdelKhalek, Omneya M. Helmy, Mohammed A. Ramadan
Summary: This study aimed to identify antigenic peptides in H. pylori and evaluate their effectiveness as potential vaccine candidates. The results showed that the SabA antigen was particularly effective in inducing an immune response against H. pylori in mice.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Dorota Zakowska, Bozena Wlizlo-Skowronek, Patrycja Wojcicka, Malgorzata Stawecka-Hamerla, Katarzyna Naylor
Summary: This article presents new strategies in the development of anthrax vaccines and therapeutics. Considerable progress has been made recently in finding new drugs and suitable therapies for anthrax, including research on antimicrobials and vaccines. The development of new anti-anthrax preparations is of primary importance for the protection of humans and animals against the highly dangerous Bacillus anthracis spores.
ADVANCEMENTS OF MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Allergy
Dongmei Li, Richard Calderone, Talal M. Nsouli, Elizabeth Reznikov, Joseph A. Bellanti
Summary: A rapid ELISA method for detecting anti-SARS-CoV-2 salivary IgA and serum IgG antibodies was developed and validated in this study. The antibody responses in salivary and serum samples showed wide variation. These preliminary findings suggest that measuring salivary and serum IgG and IgA may serve as markers for current or recent SARS-CoV-2 infections and warrant further investigation.
ALLERGY AND ASTHMA PROCEEDINGS
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Maria Denaro, Elisa Ferro, Giuseppe Barrano, Salvatore Meli, Mariangela Busacca, Damiano Corallo, Alessia Capici, Alessandra Zisa, Luana Cucuzza, Sandra Gradante, Marialuisa Occhipinti, Paola Santalucia, Raffaele Elia, Angelo Aliquo, Daniele Tibullo, Carmelo Fidone, Vincenzo Bramanti
Summary: The study found that the trend of SARS-CoV-2 variants in Ragusa area is comparable to the Sicily region based on genomic sequencing and immune monitoring of 600 samples. Although no correlation was found between variants and clinical symptoms, antibody levels were positively correlated with an increase in the number of symptoms. Furthermore, SARS-CoV-2 infection induced a significantly higher enhancement in antibody titers compared to vaccine administration. Therefore, the evaluation of anti-N IgG levels could be used as an early marker to identify asymptomatic individuals in the post-pandemic period.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)