Journal
CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY
Volume 149, Issue 3, Pages 498-508Publisher
ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2013.09.005
Keywords
Natural killer (NK) cells; Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs); HLA-C ligands; NK function; Mother-to-child-transmission (MTCT)
Categories
Funding
- National Research Foundation
- Poliomyelitis Research Foundation
- University of Witwatersrand Postgraduate Merit Award
- South African Research Chairs Initiative of the Department of Science and Technology
- Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation
- National Research Foundation of South Africa
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KIR2DS4 is the only activating gene within the A haplotype, and alleles of KIR2DS4 can encode either functional (KIR2DS4-f) or non-functional (KIR2DS4-v) variants. To establish the role of KIR2DS4 in the context of HIV-1 mother-to-child transmission, we KIR genotyped 145 HIV-1 non-transmitting mothers (NT) and their exposed uninfected infants (EU), and 72 HIV-1 transmitting mothers (TR) and their infected infants [intrapartum (IP), in utero (IU) or IU2 (an IU-enriched infected group)]. The frequency of KIR2DS4-v was significantly higher in IU2 infants compared to EU infants (P = 0.022, OR = 2.88); this association was more significant amongst AA haplotypes (P = 0.004, OR = 18.4). Possession of KIR2DS4-f in the mother with absence in the infant (M+I- discordance) was associated with a higher risk of IP transmission (P = 0.005, OR = 3.84); whilst in M-I+ discordance, infant possession of KIR2DS4-v was associated with increased risk of IU acquisition (P = 0.002; OR = 6.40). This study highlights the importance of KIR2DS4 in HIV-1 transmission/acquisition. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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