Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Miguel Agoncillo, Josephine Yu, Jenny E. Gunton
Summary: Vitamin D is strongly associated with skeletal muscle regeneration and function, with studies showing its role in regulating muscle cell growth and gene expression. Animal experiments and human studies support the benefits of vitamin D in muscle function and recovery, particularly in the elderly and post-operative patients. However, its role may be less significant in muscle/ligament tear repair.
Article
Sport Sciences
Alexander T. Carswell, Sarah Jackson, Paul Swinton, Thomas J. O'Leary, Jonathan C. Y. Tang, Samuel J. Oliver, Craig Sale, Rachel M. Izard, Neil P. Walsh, William D. Fraser, Julie P. Greeves
Summary: This study found that there are associations between serum vitamin D metabolites and physical performance. 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) is negatively correlated with 2.4-km run time and positively correlated with muscle power, while 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)(2)D) is positively correlated with run time and negatively correlated with strength and muscle power. 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (24,25(OH)(2)D) is negatively correlated with run time. The vitamin D metabolites together explain a small portion of variance in physical performance. VDR SNPs are not associated with physical performance.
MEDICINE & SCIENCE IN SPORTS & EXERCISE
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Joshua P. Sutherland, Ang Zhou, Elina Hypponen
Summary: This study used genetic methods to explore the causal relationship between vitamin D and skeletal muscle-related traits, as well as to investigate the potential pathophysiology of probable sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity. The results suggested a causal relationship between vitamin D and skeletal muscle health, but a weaker association with the risk of sarcopenic obesity.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Jan Mieszkowski, Paulina Brzezinska, Blazej Stankiewicz, Andrzej Kochanowicz, Bartlomiej Niespodzinski, Joanna Reczkowicz, Tomasz Waldzinski, Bartlomiej Kacprzak, Natalia Siuba-Jarosz, Miroslav Petr, Jedrzej Antosiewicz
Summary: This study analyzed the impact of vitamin D supplementation on tryptophan metabolism in runners after an ultramarathon. The results showed that vitamin D supplementation can attenuate the increase in KPM levels and the decrease in tryptophan, tyrosine, and phenylalanine levels induced by exercise, indicating a regulatory role of vitamin D in exercise-induced metabolic changes.
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Anamica Das, Neha Jawla, Vaidehee Meena, Suchitra D. Gopinath, Gopalakrishnan Aneeshkumar Arimbasseri
Summary: Mice lacking vitamin D receptor (VDR) tend to utilize fatty acids as their primary energy source in skeletal muscles to compensate for defective carbohydrate utilization. High-fat diets can restore energy levels in the skeletal muscles of vdr-/- mice. This study reveals the critical role of VDR in muscle metabolic flexibility and pancreatic insulin response.
JOURNAL OF CACHEXIA SARCOPENIA AND MUSCLE
(2023)
Review
Food Science & Technology
Tais Tavares Ferreira, Joao Vitor Farias da Silva, Nassib Bezerra Bueno
Summary: This study found that caffeine supplementation has a significant ergogenic effect on the bench press exercise, but its effects on leg press exercises are inconclusive and require further investigation.
CRITICAL REVIEWS IN FOOD SCIENCE AND NUTRITION
(2021)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Muhammad Subhan Alfaqih, Vita Murniati Tarawan, Nova Sylviana, Hanna Goenawan, Ronny Lesmana, Susianti Susianti
Summary: Vitamin D has effects on satellite cells, promoting proliferation in early stages but impairing skeletal muscle regeneration in high doses. Supplementation of vitamin D may help maintain satellite cell function in conditions like aging and chronic disease.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Karina Romeu Montenegro, Milene Amarante Pufal, Philip Newsholme
Summary: Vitamin D has positive effects on muscle development at the cell and animal levels, but its impact on muscle in the ageing population is inconclusive according to human studies. Well-designed trials and standardized measurements are needed for accurate comparison across different experimental models.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Tetsuya Shiuchi, Airi Otsuka, Noriyuki Shimizu, Sachiko Chikahisa, Hiroyoshi Sei
Summary: The study revealed that evening feeding increases hypothalamic AgRP expression and leads to skeletal muscle insulin resistance in mice. Inhibiting AgRP expression or using a glucocorticoid receptor antagonist can mitigate these effects. It was also found that hepatic vagotomy enhances AgRP expression in the hypothalamus, suggesting a potential mechanism for the development of insulin resistance in skeletal muscle.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Santosh Kumari, Matthew Bubak, Hayden M. Schoenberg, Arik Davidyan, Christian J. Elliehausen, Katrin G. Kuhn, Timothy M. VanWagoner, Rowan Karaman, Robert Hal Scofield, Benjamin F. Miller, Adam R. Konopka
Summary: Metformin treatment has varied effects on insulin sensitivity and skeletal muscle mitochondrial adaptations in older adults, depending on their initial insulin status. This clinical trial aims to determine the impact of metformin monotherapy on metabolic health and cellular mechanisms involved in aging, independent of exercise. Findings from this trial will inform larger Phase 3 clinical trials exploring aging as a treatment indication for metformin.
JOURNALS OF GERONTOLOGY SERIES A-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES AND MEDICAL SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Vitor R. Munoz, Rafael C. Gaspar, Matheus B. Severino, Ana P. A. Macedo, Fernando M. Simabuco, Eduardo R. Ropelle, Dennys E. Cintra, Adelino S. R. da Silva, Young-Bum Kim, Jose Rodrigo Pauli
Summary: Physical exercise can restore the levels of RhoA and ROCK2 proteins in the skeletal muscle of obese animals, increase phosphorylation of IRS1 and Akt proteins, and decrease levels of inhibitory regulators such as PTEN and PTP-1B. These findings suggest that exercise-induced upregulation of the RhoA-ROCK2 signaling pathway in skeletal muscle is associated with improved systemic insulin sensitivity in obese mice.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Zoltan M. Kohler, Gyorgy Trencsenyi, Laszlo Juhasz, Agnes Zvara, Judit P. Szabo, Laszlo Dux, Laszlo G. Puskas, Laszlo Rovo, Aniko Keller-Pinter
Summary: Skeletal muscle plays a crucial role in glucose metabolism. This study demonstrates that tilorone can improve glucose uptake and metabolism by enhancing BMP signaling and Akt2/AS160 signaling pathways in C2C12 myoblasts and differentiated myotubes. The in vivo experiments show that tilorone administration increases glucose uptake in skeletal muscle, liver, and adipose tissue of mice. These findings provide new insights for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
JOURNAL OF CELLULAR PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Immunology
Clara Crescioli
Summary: Vitamin D plays an important role in immune regulation and skeletal muscle cells. The status of vitamin D has significant effects on immune surveillance and health. Excessive exercise and vitamin D deficiency can lead to immune depression and increased vulnerability to diseases.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Clara Crescioli
Summary: Skeletal muscle cells are finely controlled by vitamin D through genomic and non-genomic mechanisms, constantly undergoing cell remodeling to maintain tissue integrity. Vitamin D insufficiency promotes cell maladaptation, while restoring vitamin D levels can enhance myogenic programming.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Natany G. Reis, Ana P. Assis, Natalia Lautherbach, Dawit A. Goncalves, Wilian A. Silveira, Henrique J. N. Morgan, Rafael R. Valentim, Lucas F. Almeida, Lilian C. Heck, Neusa M. Zanon, Tatiana E. Koike, Audrei R. Santos, Elen H. Miyabara, Isis C. Kettelhut, Luiz C. Navegantes
Summary: This study found that maternal vitamin D deficiency selectively affects the development of type-II muscle fibers in male offspring rats, leading to muscle atrophy. However, compensatory increase in vitamin D content in adult age may increase fiber size and fatigue resistance.
JOURNAL OF CACHEXIA SARCOPENIA AND MUSCLE
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
K. Blaker, A. Wijewardene, E. White, G. Stokes, S. Chong, K. Ganda, L. Ridley, S. Brown, C. White, R. Clifton-Bligh, M. J. Seibel
Summary: Both electronic search tools reliably identified patients with any fracture, but showed differences in detecting individuals with minimal trauma fractures. A hybrid tool combining the methodology of both programs is likely to improve the identification of patients with osteoporosis.
OSTEOPOROSIS INTERNATIONAL
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Margaret A. Mouat, Brendan P. Wilkins, Eileen Ding, Hemna Govindaraju, James L. J. Coleman, Robert M. Graham, Nigel Turner, Nicola J. Smith
Summary: The deletion of GPR37L1 does not significantly affect glucose handling, body weight, and fat mass in mice. However, Gpr37l1(-/-) mice show lower fat mass accumulation and higher ambulatory activity during night hours.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Ayanthi Wijewardene, Jeremy Hoang, Aung Min Maw, Matti Gild, Lyndal Tacon, Paul Roach, Geoffrey Schembri, David Chan, Roderick Clifton-Bligh
Summary: In this study, a new scoring system (I-PET) combining whole body scan (WBS) and FDG findings was proposed to identify patients who are refractory to radioactive iodine in thyroid cancer. The results showed that patients with I-PET [3B] were more likely to receive multikinase inhibitor therapy and had a higher mortality rate.
CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Samuel G. Towarnicki, Neil A. Youngson, Susan M. Corley, Jus C. St John, Richard G. Melvin, Nigel Turner, Margaret J. Morris, J. William O. Ballard
Summary: Studies have shown that ancestral life experiences, particularly stress and diet, can influence the growth, metabolism, and behavior of future generations. This research focuses on the non-genetic inheritance between fertilization and adulthood, revealing that ancestral dietary macronutrient composition and quantity can impact the developmental timing of descendants through changes in specific signaling pathways.
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Gabriella Assante, Sriram Chandrasekaran, Stanley Ng, Aikaterini Tourna, Carolina H. Chung, Kowsar A. Isse, Jasmine L. Banks, Ugo Soffientini, Celine Filippi, Anil Dhawan, Mo Liu, Steven G. Rozen, Matthew Hoare, Peter Campbell, J. William O. Ballard, Nigel Turner, Margaret J. Morris, Shilpa Chokshi, Neil A. Youngson
Summary: The research demonstrates that metabolically driven histone hyperacetylation in steatotic hepatocytes can increase DNA damage, thus initiating the development of HCC.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sarah E. Hancock, Eileen Ding, Emma Johansson Beves, Todd Mitchell, Nigel Turner
Summary: Recent advances in single-cell genomics and transcriptomics have greatly improved our understanding of cellular heterogeneity, but single-cell lipidomics methods have lagged behind. However, we have developed a method combining fluorescence-assisted cell sorting and shotgun lipidomics that allows us to detect and quantify a wide range of phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin species from single cells. This method can distinguish between different cell lineages and detect subtle differences in the lipidome between cell lines of the same cancer type. It can also be used in conjunction with other single-cell technologies to provide comprehensive multi-omics data on cells with similar phenotypes, advancing our knowledge on cellular heterogeneity.
JOURNAL OF LIPID RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Roderick J. Clifton-Bligh
Summary: Diagnosis of pheochromocytoma or paraganglioma (PPGL) during pregnancy has historically led to high rates of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. Recent evidence suggests that early recognition of PPGL and appropriate medical management can improve outcomes. The need for antepartum surgery and the mode of delivery in PPGL cases are still controversial. It is important to offer genetic counseling and testing to women with PPGL in pregnancy, as they are often associated with heritable syndromes.
REVIEWS IN ENDOCRINE & METABOLIC DISORDERS
(2023)
Editorial Material
Oncology
Karel Pacak, Roderick Clifton-Bligh
Summary: Pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas (PPGLs) are neuroendocrine tumors that produce catecholamines. Recent advances in their management, localization, treatment, and surveillance have significantly improved outcomes for patients with PPGLs or carriers of pathogenic genetic variants linked to these tumors. Molecular stratification, revised definitions, specific clinical features, plasma biomarkers, imaging techniques, treatment guidelines, and international consensus play important roles in enhancing understanding and future interventions for PPGLs.
ENDOCRINE-RELATED CANCER
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Dahlia F. Davidoff, Eugenie S. Lim, Diana E. Benn, Yuvanaa Subramaniam, Eleanor Dorman, John R. Burgess, Scott A. Akker, Roderick J. Clifton-Bligh
Summary: Phaeochromocytoma and paraganglioma are highly heritable tumours, often caused by mutations in Krebs's cycle genes such as succinate dehydrogenase (SDH). This study found evidence of transmission ratio distortion (TRD) in the transmission of SDHB and SDHD pathogenic variants, suggesting a departure from Mendelian inheritance. The reasons for TRD and its implications for reproductive counseling and further research were discussed.
ENDOCRINE-RELATED CANCER
(2023)
Review
Oncology
Susan Richter, Timothy J. Garrett, Nicole Bechmann, Roderick J. Clifton-Bligh, Hans K. Ghayee
Summary: Metabolites play a crucial role in maintaining life and can be quantified to improve the diagnosis and treatment of pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma (PPGL). PPGLs have unique features that provide biomarkers and clues for targeted treatments. Genetic aberrations in PPGL alter cellular pathways and can be exploited diagnostically. Personalized diagnostics and treatment are within reach with the availability of omics technologies.
ENDOCRINE-RELATED CANCER
(2023)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Adam J. Lawther, Jerzy Zieba, Zhiming Fang, Teri M. Furlong, Illya Conn, Hemna Govindaraju, Laura L. Y. Choong, Nigel Turner, Khawar Sohail Siddiqui, Wallace Bridge, Sam Merlin, Tzipi Cohen Hyams, Murray Killingsworth, Valsamma Eapen, Raymond A. Clarke, Adam K. Walker
Summary: Mitochondrial dysfunction is strongly associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and the IMMP2L gene is linked to autism inheritance. By developing an Immp2lKD knockout mouse model, the researchers found that Immp2l(KD) -/- KO mice did not show any differences in the core behavioral symptoms of ASD, but they exhibited increased auditory stimulus-driven instrumental behavior and amphetamine-induced locomotion. The researchers also discovered that the ROS levels were lowered in the new Immp2l(KD) -/- KO mice, contrary to previous studies on Immp2l-deficient mouse models, and these mice did not display oxidative stress-related phenotypes.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Dominic Hauck, Liza Nery, Rachel O'Connell, Roderick Clifton-Bligh, Amanda Mather, Christian M. Girgis
Summary: The use of bisphosphonates in patients with chronic kidney disease stages 4 and 5 does not appear to have any serious adverse effects and is effective at mitigating lumbar spine bone loss in kidney transplant patients.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Nitesh D. Dhanekula, Gareth Crouch, Karen Byth, Sue Lynn Lau, Albert Kim, Edward Graham, Andrew Ellis, Roderick J. Clifton-Bligh, Christian M. Girgis
Summary: Asian ethnicity is a strong independent risk factor for atypical femur fractures (AFF), possibly associated with bisphosphonate use and not influenced by femoral geometry.
Article
Pathology
K. R. Hulme, A. Mahar, R. G. Campbell, R. Clifton-Bligh, A. J. Gill, C. E. Palme, R. Gupta
Summary: Phosphaturic mesenchymal tumour (PMT) is a rare tumour associated with tumor-induced osteomalacia. We report three cases of PMT involving the head and neck, highlighting the diverse clinical and histologic features. One of the lesions showed a mixture of epithelial and mesenchymal elements, posing a diagnostic challenge.
HEAD & NECK PATHOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Sunita M. C. De Sousa, Richard W. Carroll, Alex Henderson, John Burgess, Roderick J. Clifton-Bligh
Summary: In patients with suspected hyperparathyroidism syndromes, the positive genetic testing rate ranges from 15-26%. Testing for variants in genes associated with PHPT (MEN1, CDC73, RET, CDKN1B, GCM2, CASR) and/or FHH (CASR, GNA11, AP2S1) is recommended based on specific testing criteria met. Pre- and post-test counseling should be provided for patients, including consideration of potential implications for family members.