Endonasal transsphenoidal surgery and multimodality treatment for giant pituitary adenomas

P>Objective Giant pituitary adenomas (>= 40 mm) pose a major management challenge. We describe the experience of a single surgeon and a dedicated neuro-endocrine team with multimodality treatment of these tumours in three specialized institutions. Design Retrospective data set analyses. Patients Fifty-one consecutive patients with a giant adenoma (39 endocrine-inactive, 12 endocrine-active; mean tumour diameter 45 mm) treated over 10 years by an endonasal transsphenoidal approach were included. All patients had surgical resection followed by radiotherapy and/or medical therapy as judged necessary. Measurements Hormonal and visual status, extent of resection, tumour control rates, complications and use of medical and radiotherapy were evaluated. Results Surgery resulted in gross total, near total and subtotal removal in21 (41%), 10 (20%) and 20 (39%) patients respectively. Complete tumour removal was associated with absence of cavernous sinus invasion (P < 0 center dot 001). Long-term endocrine function improved in 49% of patients and new endocrinopathy occurred in 14 center dot 6%; 76% required long-term hormone replacement therapy. Vision improved in 81 center dot 5% of the patients and there was no visual worsening. At the last follow up (median 30 months), tumour control was achieved in 96% of patients: 59% with surgery alone, 20% with surgery plus focussed radiotherapy, 18% with surgery and medical therapy and two with all three modalities. Conclusions Endonasal surgery provides effective initial treatment for patients with giant adenomas. Multimodality therapy was needed in almost 50% of patients and this rate will likely increase with longer follow up. Close collaboration of neurosurgeons with endocrinologists and radiation oncologists is essential for optimal treatment of patients with these challenging tumours.