Review
Oncology
Philip T. Sobash, Asad Ullah, Nagla Abdel Karim
Summary: There is currently no definitive evidence that adjuvant chemotherapy after resection confers a survival benefit in typical or atypical carcinoids.
Review
Oncology
Kenna Koehler, Wade T. T. Iams
Summary: Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are malignant epithelial tumors that can arise from multiple tissues. The most common are gastrointestinal (GI) NETs, but we focus on bronchial and thymic carcinoid tumors in this review. Bronchial carcinoid tumors account for a quarter of all NETs and less than 2% of lung cancers, while thymic carcinoid tumors are extremely rare, representing 5% of thymic tumors. Both types of tumors can present with obstruction symptoms and potentially carcinoid syndrome. Surgical resection is the gold standard for managing bronchial and thymic carcinoid tumors. First-line systemic therapy for advanced disease typically involves somatostatin analog monotherapy with octreotide or lanreotide. Ongoing trials are comparing different systemic therapies, as well as evaluating immune checkpoint inhibitors and multi-kinase inhibitors. Prognosis depends on histologic grade, local versus invasive disease, and extent of metastases. This article provides a summary of the pathophysiologic and clinical background, current diagnosis and management, and ongoing trials for bronchial and thymic carcinoid tumors.
Article
Oncology
Lin Du, Vinicius Ernani, Alex Liu, Steven E. Schild, Dawn E. Jaroszewski, Steven D. Cassivi, Staci. E. Beamer, Yung-Hung Luo, Jason A. Wampfler, Pedro A. Reck Dos Santos, Dennis Wigle, Daqiang Sun, K. Robert Shen, Ping Yang
Summary: The present study aimed to compare the 10-year carcinoid-specific survival (CSS) and disease-free survival (DFS) between patients with resected pulmonary typical carcinoid (TC) and atypical carcinoid (AC). The results revealed that patients with AC had significantly worse 10-year CSS and DFS rates compared to those with TC. Factors such as older age and lymph node involvement were associated with worse survival in AC, while age, male sex, M1 stage, cigarette smoking, and inadequate N2 lymphadenectomy were associated with worse survival in TC.
Article
Oncology
Douglas H. Russ, Julie A. Barta, Nathaniel R. Evans, Robert T. Stapp, Gregory C. Kane
Summary: Pulmonary carcinoid tumor is a slow-growing lung neoplasm, with typical carcinoids showing remarkably slow growth. Clinicians may mistake typical carcinoids for benign non-growing lesions if followed for less than 2 years.
CLINICAL LUNG CANCER
(2022)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Lara Girelli, Monica Casiraghi, Alberto Sandri, Francesco Petrella, Domenico Galetta, Roberto Gasparri, Patrick Maisonneuve, Nicola Fazio, Lorenzo Spaggiari
Summary: Surgical resection remains the treatment of choice for bronchial carcinoids with good prognosis, while aggressive forms like LCNEC with lymph nodal metastasis have a poor prognosis and require aggressive multidisciplinary treatment.
ANNALS OF THORACIC SURGERY
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Ayten Kayi Cangir, Kaan Orhan, Yusuf Kahya, Ayse Ugurum Yuecemen, Islam Aktuerk, Hilal Ozakinci, Aysegul Gursoy Coruh, Serpil Dizbay Sak
Summary: Radiomics is a new image processing technology used in this study to evaluate CT radiomic features for differentiating between pulmonary hamartomas and pulmonary carcinoid tumors. The results show that radiomics tumor features derived from CT images can accurately differentiate between these two types of tumors. This study has important implications for improving the preoperative diagnosis of solitary pulmonary nodules.
Article
Oncology
Jace P. Landry, Brianne A. Voros, Robert A. Ramirez, J. Philip Boudreaux, Eugene A. Woltering, Ramcharan Thiagarajan
Summary: The study evaluated the metastatic potential of appendiceal neuroendocrine tumors (ANETs) < 2 cm diameter and found that smaller tumors had metastatic capability. Factors like patient age, tumor characteristics were associated with metastatic diseases. Appendectomy alone was deemed sufficient for most ANETs patients, regardless of tumor size.
ANNALS OF SURGICAL ONCOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Julie Hallet, Elie Isenberg-Grzeda, Calvin H. L. Law, Victoria Barabash, Jesse Zuckerman, Simron Singh, Sten D. Myrehaug, Angela Assal, Wing C. Chan, Natalie G. Coburn, Alyson L. Mahar
Summary: This study aimed to compare the occurrence of psychiatric illness in neuroendocrine tumor (NET) patients and colon cancer (CC) patients after diagnosis. The results showed no difference in the incidence of psychiatric illness between all NET patients and CC patients. However, the incidence of psychiatric illness was higher in the subgroup of small bowel and lung NETs, as well as serotonin-producing NETs, compared to CC.
SUPPORTIVE CARE IN CANCER
(2022)
Article
Surgery
Song Xu, Xiongfei Li, Fan Ren, Jinling He, Shikang Zhao, Yanye Wang, Dian Ren, Shuai Zhu, Xi Lei, Gang Chen, Jun Chen
Summary: This study aimed to determine the optimal surgical procedure for early-stage pulmonary carcinoids (PCs). Through a retrospective study and propensity score matching analysis, it was found that sublobar resection may not significantly compromise the long-term oncological outcomes in early-stage PCs with a diameter <= 3 cm if lymph node assessment is performed adequately.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Kenneth P. Seastedt, George A. Alyateem, Karthik Pittala, Seth M. Steinberg, David S. Schrump, Lynnette K. Nieman, Chuong D. Hoang
Summary: This study analyzed the outcomes of lung neuroendocrine tumors associated with Cushing syndrome and found that these tumors have higher nodal metastasis, higher recurrence rates, and shorter disease-free survival compared to quiescent bronchopulmonary carcinoid tumors. However, many patients still experienced favorable outcomes, indicating that a lung-sparing approach could be sufficient. These results suggest that the hormone physiology may play a more important role than the carcinoid biologic factors in determining prognosis.
Article
Oncology
E. M. B. P. Reuling, D. D. Naves, K. J. Hartemink, E. H. F. M. van der Heijden, P. W. Plaisier, A. F. T. M. Verhagen, J. M. A. Daniels, C. Dickhoff
Summary: This study evaluated the impact of endobronchial therapy (EBT) on bronchial carcinoid, and whether EBT reduces the extent of surgical resection or increases surgical morbidity. The analysis found no significant difference in postoperative complications between patients who underwent EBT before surgery and those who did not.
Article
Pathology
Julie A. Vrana, Jennifer M. Boland, Simone B. S. P. Terra, Hao Xie, Sarah M. Jenkins, Aaron S. Mansfield, Julian R. Molina, Stephen D. Cassivi, Anja C. Roden
Summary: SATB2 expression was higher in small cell carcinomas compared to carcinoid tumors in the lung, while it was expressed more in atypical carcinoid tumors and large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma than small cell carcinoma in the thymus. SATB2 may not be a reliable marker to identify the origin of neuroendocrine tumors and further validation studies are needed.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Mathilde Prieto, Guillaume Chassagnon, Audrey Lupo, Marie-Christine Charpentier, Eglantine Cabanne, Lionel Groussin, Marie Wislez, Marco Alifano, Ludovic Fournel
Summary: DIPNECH-associated carcinoid tumors exhibit negative pathological features and may require specialized perioperative management. Patients with DIPNECH are older, more frequently female, and more likely to have comorbidities such as diabetes or hypertension. Atypical histology and mediastinal lymph nodes involvement are independent factors of pN2 invasion in DIPNECH patients.
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Daniela Prosperi, Luciano Carideo, Vincenzo Marcello Russo, Rosaria Meucci, Giuseppe Campagna, Secondo Lastoria, Alberto Signore
Summary: Pulmonary carcinoids (PCs) are neuroendocrine neoplasms that can be classified as typical or atypical. The combination of Ga-68-SSA PET/CT and [F-18]FDG PET/CT is essential for the correct management of these tumors, with [F-18]FDG playing a particularly important role in the clinical practice of aggressive atypical carcinoids.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Juan Carlos Montero, Atanasio Pandiella
Summary: Neuregulins and their ErbB/HER receptors are important in mammalian development and tissue homeostasis, with PDCD4 identified as a novel mediator in neuregulin-ErbB signaling. Phosphorylation of PDCD4 at serine 67 is shown to promote its degradation and regulate important biological functions of neuregulin, such as proliferation, migration, and invasion, through mTORC1 and ERK1/2 pathways.
CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR LIFE SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Micah Z. Levine, Sam Goodman, Robert J. Lentz, Fabien Maldonado, Otis B. Rickman, James Katsis
Summary: Interventional pulmonology has evolved from a niche subspecialty to a standard component in advanced medical centers, with a focus on diagnosing and treating pulmonary nodules. Distinguishing benign from malignant nodules can be clinically challenging, but accurate differentiation is crucial for patients and the healthcare system as a whole.
Article
Surgery
Sameer K. Avasarala, Otis B. Rickman
Summary: Bronchoscopy is a crucial tool in the management of lung cancer, allowing for minimally invasive procedures and intervention on cancer-related airway pathologies. It has been proven to be safe and effective, and the next phase of research focuses on peripheral ablation, which has the potential to open new possibilities for bronchoscopy.
SURGICAL CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Michael Lester, Fabien Maldonado, Otis B. Rickman, Lance J. Roller, Sameer K. Avasarala, James M. Katsis, Robert J. Lentz
Summary: This study investigated the association between lung re-expansion after pleural drainage and pleural physiology, and found that radiographic lung re-expansion is a poor predictor of normal pleural elastance. Managing patients with recurrent symptomatic pleural effusions based on manometry guidance rather than post-drainage imaging may lead to better outcomes.
Article
Respiratory System
Carolina A. Landeen, Jasleen K. Pannu, Fabien Maldonado, Otis B. Rickman, Eric L. Grogan, Eric S. Lambright, Zachary S. DePew, Robert J. Lentz
JOURNAL OF BRONCHOLOGY & INTERVENTIONAL PULMONOLOGY
(2023)
Meeting Abstract
Critical Care Medicine
See-Wei Low, Kaele Leonard, Briana Swanner, Otis B. Rickman, Fabien Maldonado, Robert J. Lentz
Meeting Abstract
Critical Care Medicine
Otis B. Rickman, Amit K. Mahajan, Douglas K. Hogarth, Krish Bhadra
Meeting Abstract
Critical Care Medicine
Kaele Leonard, See-Wei Low, Briana Swanner, Joyce E. Johnson, Otis B. Rickman, Fabien Maldonado, Robert J. Lentz
Meeting Abstract
Critical Care Medicine
Ankush P. Ratwani, Leah M. Brown, Evan A. Schwartz, Khushbu Patel, Alexander Gelbard, Robert J. Lentz, Otis B. Rickman, Fabien Maldonado
Article
Critical Care Medicine
See-Wei Low, Robert J. Lentz, Heidi Chen, James Katsis, Matthew C. Aboudara, Samuel Whatley, Rafael Paez, Otis B. Rickman, Fabien Maldonado
Summary: This study compares the diagnostic yield of shape-sensing robotic-assisted bronchoscopy (ssRAB) and digital tomosynthesis-electromagnetic navigational bronchoscopy (DT-ENB) in biopsy of peripheral pulmonary lesions. The results show that ssRAB and DT-ENB have comparable diagnostic yields and safety profiles.
Article
Otorhinolaryngology
William S. Tierney, Li-Ching Huang, Sheau-Chiann Chen, Lynn D. Berry, Catherine Anderson, Milan R. Amin, Michael S. Benninger, Joel H. Blumin, Jonathan M. Bock, Paul C. Bryson, Paul F. Castellanos, Matthew S. Clary, Seth M. Cohen, Brianna K. Crawley, Seth H. Dailey, James J. Daniero, Alessandro de Alarcon, Donald T. Donovan, Eric S. Edell, Dale C. Ekbom, Daniel S. Fink, Ramon A. Franco, Catherine Gaelyn Garrett, Elizabeth A. Guardiani, Alexander T. Hillel, Henry T. Hoffman, Norman D. Hogikyan, Rebecca J. Howell, Michael M. Johns, Jan L. Kasperbauer, Sid M. Khosla, Cheryl Kinnard, Robbi A. Kupfer, Alexander J. Langerman, Robert J. Lentz, Robert R. Lorenz, David G. Lott, Samir S. Makani, Fabien Maldonado, Laura Matrka, Andrew J. McWhorter, Albert L. Merati, Matthew Mori, James L. Netterville, Karla O'Dell, Julina Ongkasuwan, Gregory N. Postma, Lindsay S. Reder, Sarah L. Rohde, Brent E. Richardson, Otis B. Rickman, Clark A. Rosen, Matthew Rohlfing, Michael J. Rutter, Guri S. Sandhu, Joshua S. Schindler, Glenn Todd Schneider, Rupali N. Shah, Andrew G. Sikora, Robert J. Sinard, Marshall E. Smith, Libby J. Smith, Ahmed M. S. Soliman, Sigridur Sveinsdottir, David Veivers, Sunil P. Verma, Paul M. Weinberger, Philip A. Weissbrod, Christopher T. Wootten, Yu Shyr, David O. Francis, Alexander Gelbard
Summary: The North American Airway Collaborative (NoAAC) conducted a 5-year prospective cohort study on treatment effectiveness of three surgical techniques for idiopathic subglottic stenosis (iSGS). The study included 487 iSGS patients and found variations in treatment effectiveness between the different modalities. Cricotracheal resection had the lowest rate of recurrent operation (5%), followed by endoscopic resection with adjuvant medical therapy (30%) and endoscopic dilation (50%). These findings provide valuable information for healthcare providers and patients in making treatment decisions.
OTOLARYNGOLOGY-HEAD AND NECK SURGERY
(2023)
Review
Oncology
Robert A. Ramirez, Amanda S. Cass, Satya Das, See-Wei Low, Mitra Mehrad, Otis B. Rickman, Philip M. Scherer, Katharine E. Thomas, Erin A. Gillaspie
Summary: Pulmonary carcinoid tumors and DIPNECH are rare malignancies with multiple treatment options available, which should be sequenced according to the clinical status and disease biology. Discussion in a multidisciplinary setting and consideration of clinical trials are important for each patient.
TRANSLATIONAL LUNG CANCER RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Surgery
Anil J. Trindade, Robert D. Lentz, Whitney B. Gannon, Otis Rickman, Samira Shojaee, Katherine Vandervest, Gary W. Schwartz, Gloria Li, Anupam S. Kumar, Puneet J. Garcha, Eric B. Seeley, Yaron Gesthalter, Stephanie P. Mueller, John J. Egan, Andrew B. DeMaio, Lonny S. Yarmus, Enambir K. Josan, Jasleen T. Pannu, Max L. Wayne, Jose D. DeCardenas, Matthew Bacchetta, Fabien Maldonado
Summary: This multicenter retrospective analysis evaluated the safety and efficacy of indwelling pleural catheters (IPCs) in lung transplant recipients. The results showed that IPCs can effectively manage recurrent pleural effusions post-lung transplantation, with an infection rate comparable to other populations. Additionally, a high rate of auto-pleurodesis was observed, leading to successful removal of the IPCs without the need for surgical decortication.
CLINICAL TRANSPLANTATION
(2023)
Meeting Abstract
Critical Care Medicine
A. Ratwani, E. A. Schwartz, L. Roller, S. Low, R. J. Lentz, A. Gelbard, O. B. Rickman, F. Maldonado
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE
(2022)
Meeting Abstract
Critical Care Medicine
S. Low, M. Aboudara, M. G. Lester, O. B. Rickman, F. Maldonado, R. J. Lentz
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE
(2022)
Meeting Abstract
Critical Care Medicine
S. Low, J. Katsis, H. Batra, O. B. Rickman, F. Maldonado, R. J. Lentz
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE
(2022)