Article
Oncology
Alessandro Villa, Michele Vollemans, Amanda De Moraes, Stephen Sonis
Summary: This study evaluated the concordance of three commonly used oral mucositis grading criteria, finding relatively high levels of consistency in all OM scores and severe OM scores. This indicates that these grading criteria have high accuracy in assessing oral mucositis.
SUPPORTIVE CARE IN CANCER
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Shun Wakamori, Keiko Taguchi, Yuki Nakayama, Akira Ohkoshi, Michael B. Sporn, Takenori Ogawa, Yukio Katori, Masayuki Yamamoto
Summary: The study found that Nrf2 activation can alleviate radiation-induced DNA damage by increasing antioxidation, and can prevent the development of oral mucositis.
FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Plant Sciences
Yu-Si Cai, Jung-Long Cai, Jent-Turn Lee, Yi-Min Li, Freta Kirana Balladona, Dewi Sukma, Ming-Tsair Chan
Summary: In this study, salt tolerant mutants of Arabidopsis were identified through an activation tagging approach. It was found that these mutants showed a salt tolerant phenotype by activating AtMSRB5 and AtMSRB6 genes, stabilizing protein under salt stress, and regulating Na+/K+ homeostasis.
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine
Islam S. Bakr, Azza M. Zaki, Riham M. El-Moslemany, Rasha O. Elsaka
Summary: The clinical trial evaluated the efficacy of topical oral vitamin D gel in preventing radiation-induced oral mucositis, which showed that vitamin D has a beneficial effect in lowering oral mucositis development and reducing pain during radiation therapy.
Article
Oncology
Tzu-Rong Peng, Hung-Hong Lin, Li-Jou Yang, Ta-Wei Wu
Summary: This meta-analysis showed that compared with placebo, glutamine significantly reduced the incidence of grade 3 and 4 oral mucositis induced by chemotherapy or radiation therapy. Oral administration of glutamine and the use of medium or low doses can decrease the risk. Glutamine also had a significant effect in reducing the risk of grade 3 and 4 oral mucositis induced by radiotherapy, especially in prevention.
SUPPORTIVE CARE IN CANCER
(2021)
Review
Chemistry, Medicinal
Giuseppe Minervini, Rocco Franco, Maria Maddalena Marrapodi, Luca Fiorillo, Almir Badnjevic, Gabriele Cervino, Marco Cicciu
Summary: Mucositis refers to the inflammatory injury of the digestive tract's mucous membranes. Probiotics, as a promising therapeutic modality, have shown effectiveness in treating chemotherapy-induced mucositis for head and neck malignancies. This meta-analysis evaluated the efficiency of probiotics in this treatment by reviewing relevant studies published from 2000 to 31 January 2023. The analysis revealed that probiotics effectively reduced the severity of mucositis symptoms.
Review
Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine
Elodie Courtois, Wafa Bouleftour, Jean-Baptiste Guy, Safa Louati, Rene-Jean Bensadoun, Claire Rodriguez-Lafrasse, Nicolas Magne
Summary: This review discusses the mechanisms of photobiomodulation (PBM) in the prevention and treatment of oral mucositis, focusing on its effects on tumor and healthy cells. There is controversy regarding the carcinogenic effect of PBM, with studies reporting that it may enhance malignant cell proliferation, suggesting a lack of protective effect. More prospective studies are needed to assess the impact of PBM on cancer cells for improving its use in oral mucositis prevention and treatment.
Review
Oncology
Stephen T. Sonis
Summary: Oral mucositis (OM) is a significant unmet need for patients receiving standard concomitant chemoradiation (CRT) regimens for head and neck cancers, with a complex pathogenesis involving oxidative stress. A hypothesis suggests that the mucosal damage in OM is mainly due to cumulative CRT-induced biological changes overwhelming physiological self-protective mechanisms, and an individual's ability to mount a protective response is determined by interactions between genomics, epigenomics, and microbiomics. Effective biologic or pharmacologic interventions for OM are likely to supplement or stimulate existing physiological damage-control mechanisms.
SUPPORTIVE CARE IN CANCER
(2021)
Article
Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine
Salwa Farid Ahmed, Mostafa A. Bakr, Amr H. Rasmy
Summary: This study evaluated the effect of different doses of vitamin E on radiation-induced oral mucositis in rat model, finding that higher doses of vitamin E were effective in treating oral mucositis. The results showed improved food intake, reduced weight loss, delayed onset, decreased severity and duration of mucositis, and restored histological structure of lingual tongue papillae in vitamin E treated groups.
Review
Oncology
Shiyu Liu, Qin Zhao, Zhuangzhuang Zheng, Zijing Liu, Lingbin Meng, Lihua Dong, Xin Jiang
Summary: Radiation-induced oral mucositis is a common complication in head and neck cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy, leading to severe discomfort and treatment interruptions. Its pathogenesis is complex, involving the release of inflammatory transmitters. Understanding and implementing preventive measures and treatments are crucial for managing this condition effectively.
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Chemistry, Medicinal
Stephen T. Sonis
Summary: Toxicities associated with radiation therapy can be effectively mitigated through interventions aimed at disrupting the biological cascade of toxicity development, with oxidative stress being a key initiator of normal tissue injury. Attempts to supplement endogenous superoxide dismutases or develop synthetic dismutase mimetics have shown some potential, with avasopasem manganese emerging as a promising dismutase mimetic in clinical trials for reducing severe oral mucositis in head and neck cancer patients undergoing chemoradiation.
DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY
(2021)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Alessandro Villa, Stephen T. T. Sonis
Summary: Oral mucositis (OM) is a common and damaging side effect of head and neck radiation therapy that may affect patients' adherence to treatment. There has been increasing interest in the development of effective interventions for OM due to the unmet clinical need, recent clinical trial successes, and commercial potential. This review focuses on drugs that have recently been assessed in clinical trials and those that are still under clinical study for the prevention or treatment of radiation-associated OM.
EXPERT OPINION ON INVESTIGATIONAL DRUGS
(2023)
Article
Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine
Khodayar Oshvandi, Seyed Yaser Vafaei, Seyed Ramesh Kamallan, Salman Khazaei, Hossein Ranjbar, Fateme Mohammadi
Summary: This study demonstrated that zinc chloride mouthwash is effective in preventing and reducing the severity of oral mucositis in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy, as well as improving weight loss. Further studies are recommended to investigate the preventive effects of zinc chloride at the beginning of chemotherapy for better oral health and weight management in these patients.
Review
Oncology
Patryk Gugnacki, Ewa Sierko
Summary: Human microbiome research is rapidly expanding in various medical and public health disciplines, showing potential in oncology for investigating the impact of oral microbiome on oncogenesis and treatment side effects. Studies indicate that the human microbiome can have oncogenic effects through various mechanisms, and that the oral microbiome plays a role in the development of head and neck cancer and radiation-induced oral mucositis. Further research is needed to better understand the structure and dynamics of the oral microbiome to develop personalized preventive measures and treatments.
Review
Oncology
Clifton P. Thornton, Mengchi Li, Chakra Budhathoki, Chao Hsing Yeh, Kathy Ruble
Summary: Anti-inflammatory mouthwashes are a potentially effective means to prevent or reduce mucositis associated with cancer therapy, reducing the incidence of symptomatic mucositis and dose-limiting mucositis. Limited adverse effects and high adherence indicate the safety and feasibility of using these mouthwashes. They should be considered for supportive care in individuals at risk for mucositis and further evaluated for efficacy across various chemotherapy agents, adverse effects, and impacts on symptoms, pain, and quality of life.
SUPPORTIVE CARE IN CANCER
(2022)