Journal
CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY
Volume 19, Issue 3, Pages 304-312Publisher
AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY
DOI: 10.1128/CVI.05569-11
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Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [30871860, 31172299]
- 863 program [2011AA10A210]
- Jangsu Natural Science Foundation [BK2010039]
- Jiangsu 333 program [BRA2011141]
- Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University [IRT0978]
- Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions
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Recombinant attenuated Salmonella vaccines have been extensively studied, with a focus on eliciting specific immune responses against foreign antigens. However, very little is known about the innate immune responses, particularly the role of flagellin, in the induction of innate immunity triggered by recombinant attenuated Salmonella in chickens. In the present report, we describe two Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium vaccine strains, wild-type (WT) or flagellin-deficient (flhD) Salmonella, both expressing the fusion protein (F) gene of Newcastle disease virus. We examined the bacterial load and spatiotemporal kinetics of expression of inflammatory cytokine, chemokine, and Toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5) genes in the cecum, spleen, liver, and heterophils following oral immunization of chickens with the two Salmonella strains. The flhD mutant exhibited an enhanced ability to establish systemic infection compared to the WT. In contrast, the WT strain induced higher levels of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta), CXCLi2, and TLR5 mRNAs in cecum, the spleen, and the heterophils than the flhD mutant at different times post-infection. Collectively, the present data reveal a fundamental role of flagellin in the innate immune responses induced by recombinant attenuated Salmonella vaccines in chickens that should be considered for the rational design of novel vaccines for poultry.
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