Article
Immunology
Sang-Hyun Park, Seo-Yong Lee, Jae-Seok Kim, Ah-Young Kim, Sun-Young Park, Ji-Hye Lee, Mijung Lee, Hyejin Kim, Sim-In Lee, Na-Young Kang, Jung-Won Park, Su-Mi Kim, Jong-Hyeon Park, Young-Joon Ko
Summary: This study introduces a bivalent vaccine developed in South Korea for foot-and-mouth disease (FMD), which successfully scaled up two virus strains and prepared a highly effective vaccine through optimized conditions. The experimental bivalent vaccine shows a broad spectrum of high neutralizing antibody titers, providing protection against FMDV types O and A circulating in South Korea and neighboring countries.
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Huildore Bommanna Ranjitha, Valiya Valappil Dhanesh, Madhusudan Hosamani, B. P. Sreenivasa, Uzma Jabeen, Jitendra Kumar Biswal, P. Saravanan, Aniket Sanyal, Veerakyathappa Bhanuprakash, Suresh H. Basagoudanavar
Summary: Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a contagious viral disease that affects cloven-hoofed animals. Preventive vaccination using inactivated virus is common practice, but the presence of antibodies to non-structural proteins is needed for differentiation of infected from vaccinated animals (DIVA). To address this, a thermostable and negative marker vaccine strain for FMDV serotype O was developed, along with a cELISA for detecting the deleted 3A region, to enhance FMD control in enzootic countries.
APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Immunology
Zhimin Lu, Shu Yu, Weijun Wang, Wenxian Chen, Xinyan Wang, Keke Wu, Xiaowen Li, Shuangqi Fan, Hongxing Ding, Lin Yi, Jingding Chen
Summary: FMD is a serious disease that affects the global livestock industry, and the development of vaccines plays a key role in controlling outbreaks of FMD.
Article
Microbiology
Seokwon Shin, Hyeong Won Kim, Mi-Kyeong Ko, So Hui Park, Su-Mi Kim, Jong-Hyeon Park, Min Ja Lee
Summary: Glycyrrhizic acid, extracted from licorice roots, has been found to induce innate immune response and enhance early, mid-, and long-term immunity. Adding glycyrrhizic acid as an adjuvant to the FMD bivalent vaccine can promote immune reactions by increasing the expression of immunoregulatory genes. This novel adjuvant has the potential to address the limitations of commercialized FMD vaccines.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Gerelmaa Ulziibat, Eran Raizman, Amarsanaa Lkhagvasuren, Chris J. M. Bartels, Orgikhbayar Oyun-Erdene, Bodisaikhan Khishgee, Clare Browning, Donald P. King, Anna B. Ludi, Nicholas A. Lyons
Summary: Vaccines are crucial in controlling foot-and-mouth disease outbreaks in Mongolia, but logistical challenges make delivering a two-dose primary vaccination course difficult in nomadic pastoralist systems. While highly potent vaccines have shown prolonged immunity, their effectiveness in field conditions with commercially available vaccines has not been confirmed. This study compared neutralizing titres in Mongolian sheep and cattle vaccinated with either a two-dose primary course or a single double-dose vaccine over a 6-month period. The results suggest that the single double-dose regimen may be a cost-effective approach for FMD control in Mongolia.
FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Virology
Heeyeon Kim, Hwi Won Seo, Ho-Seong Cho, Yeonsu Oh
Summary: This study investigated the protective effect of the Asia1 Shamir vaccine against Asia1/MOG/05 virus infection. The results showed that the vaccine delayed the onset of clinical symptoms and reduced virus nasal shedding. Neutralizing antibodies induced after vaccination provided partial immune protection.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Carolina Stenfeldt, Miranda R. Bertram, Haillie C. Meek, Ethan J. Hartwig, George R. Smoliga, Megan C. Niederwerder, Diego G. Diel, Scott A. Dee, Jonathan Arzt
Summary: The study investigated the infectivity of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) in commercial pig feed and feed ingredients, determining the minimum infectious dose required for pigs to develop the disease. The results indicated that FMDV can remain infectious in pig feed ingredients for durations compatible with transoceanic transport, with variations in feeding conditions and virus strains affecting the probability of infection. This information can be used to model the risk of FMDV incursions and regulate feed importation to minimize the risk of unintentional importation.
TRANSBOUNDARY AND EMERGING DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Chenwen Xiao, Yee Huang, Xuemei Cui, Qiang Wei, Quanan Ji, Yan Liu, Su Fei, Yao Pan, Xiangfei Xu, Huang Pan, Guolian Bao
Summary: Vaccination is an efficient way to prevent Bordetella infection. This study investigated the effects of an extract of Cochinchina momordica seed (ECMS) combined with oil on immune responses to the inactivated Bordetella vaccine in mice. The results showed that ECMS-oil significantly increased IgG, IgG1, IgG2b, and IgG3 levels, as well as enhanced splenocyte proliferation and cytokine production. This enhancement was mediated through the TLR2/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway. Overall, ECMS-oil can effectively enhance humoral and cellular immune responses against Bordetella.
JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Kay Childs, Yongjie Harvey, Ryan Waters, Timothy Woma, Ginette Wilsden, Hualu Sun, Peng Sun, Julian Seago
Summary: Foot-and-mouth disease is a highly contagious viral disease of livestock that has a severe economic impact on the agriculture industry in many regions. Current vaccines are not effective against the contemporary strains of the disease, particularly in East Africa. Researchers have identified stable strains of the virus and developed a quadrivalent vaccine that generates high neutralizing antibody titers and provides good cross-protection against regional strains.
Review
Cell Biology
Peiyu Zhu, Wangquan Ji, Dong Li, Zijie Li, Yu Chen, Bowen Dai, Shujie Han, Shuaiyin Chen, Yuefei Jin, Guangcai Duan
Summary: Hand-foot-and-mouth disease (HFMD) is a viral illness commonly seen in young children under 5 years of age, characterized by oral herpes and rashes on the hands and feet. It is important to note that HFMD may be associated with fatal neurological complications, but currently, there is no specific pharmaceutical intervention for HFMD.
JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Tatsuya Nishi, Katsuhiko Fukai, Kentaro Masujin, Rie Kawaguchi, Mitsutaka Ikezawa, Manabu Yamada, Nozomi Nakajima, Takashi Komeno, Yousuke Furuta, Hiromi Sugihara, Chie Kurosaki, Kenichi Sakamoto, Kazuki Morioka
Summary: This study found that the pyrazinecarboxamide derivative T-1105 has strong antiviral activity against foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) and can effectively control the spread of FMDV in pigs.
ANTIVIRAL RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Anna B. Ludi, Melissa McLaws, Bryony Armson, Jessica Clark, Antonello Di Nardo, Krupali Parekh, Mark Henstock, Petra Muellner, Ulrich J. Muellner, Fabrizio Rosso, Joaquin M. Prada, Daniel L. Horton, David J. Paton, Keith Sumption, Donald P. King
Summary: This paper introduces a semi-quantitative FMD vaccine strain selection tool, PRAGMATIST, which combines multiple strands of evidence to identify the most suitable vaccine strains for inclusion in antigen banks. By estimating the risk of incursion, the relative prevalence of FMD viral lineages, and the effectiveness of vaccines against specific FMDV lineages, this tool can prioritize vaccine strains that address the highest threats. The study highlights the variation in vaccine antigens required for different regions based on risk, with the vaccine coverage score having the most significant impact on the estimated risk covered by each vaccine, especially for those that provide substantial coverage across multiple lineages.
FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Rea Jarosova, Juliette Ben Arous, Katerina Nechvatalova, Katerina Nedbalcova, Karolina Hlavova, Hana Stepanova, Lenka Leva, Zrinka Oreskovic, Jan Matiasovic, Nicolas Versille, Zbysek Sladek, Martin Faldyna
Summary: The route of vaccine delivery significantly affects its immunogenicity, efficacy, and safety. In this study, different routes of delivery were compared in piglets, and it was found that intramuscular administration showed the highest efficacy while dermal administration was slightly less immunogenic. Interestingly, dermal administration provided superior protection effectiveness compared to other routes.
VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Zhicheng Du, Yong Huang, Michael S. Bloom, Zhoubin Zhang, Zhicong Yang, Jianyun Lu, Jianxiong Xu, Yuantao Hao
Summary: The study revealed that in Guangzhou, China, a two-dose EV71 vaccination can effectively reduce the risk of HFMD, especially for 3-year-old children. Real-world evidence supports the need for an expanded program of EV71 vaccination.
HUMAN VACCINES & IMMUNOTHERAPEUTICS
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Seong Yun Hwang, Sung Ho Shin, Hyun Mi Kim, SeHee Shin, Min Ja Lee, Su-Mi Kim, Jong-Soo Lee, Jong-Hyeon Park
Summary: In this study, a potent vaccine strain was developed to provide complete protection against FMD type O viruses of Southeast Asia, Middle East-South Asia, and Cathay topotypes. Mice immunized with the experimental vaccines were fully protected against these viruses. PA2-VP1 showed higher neutralizing antibody titers than JC-VP1 in early vaccination phase in pigs.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Lorenz Ulrich, Nico Joel Halwe, Adriano Taddeo, Nadine Ebert, Jacob Schoen, Christelle Devisme, Bettina Salome Trueb, Bernd Hoffmann, Manon Wider, Xiaoyu Fan, Meriem Bekliz, Manel Essaidi-Laziosi, Marie Luisa Schmidt, Daniela Niemeyer, Victor Max Corman, Anna Kraft, Aurelie Godel, Laura Laloli, Jenna N. Kelly, Brenda M. Calderon, Angele Breithaupt, Claudia Wylezich, Ines Berenguer Veiga, Mitra Gultom, Sarah Osman, Bin Zhou, Kenneth Adea, Benjamin Meyer, Christiane S. Eberhardt, Lisa Thomann, Monika Gsell, Fabien Labroussaa, Joerg Jores, Artur Summerfield, Christian Drosten, Isabella Anne Eckerle, David E. Wentworth, Ronald Dijkman, Donata Hoffmann, Volker Thiel, Martin Beer, Charaf Benarafa
Summary: Experimental assessments of major VOCs show that Alpha and Beta variants have a higher affinity for the human ACE2 receptor compared to the progenitor variant. Competition experiments demonstrate that Alpha has a clear fitness advantage over wt-S-614G in ferrets and mouse models.
Article
Veterinary Sciences
S. Ruefenacht, S. Schellenberg, S. Borio, A. Summerfield, M. E. Ricklin
Summary: This study found that using oral prednisolone as a monotherapy for four weeks can effectively treat aural hematoma in dogs. The treatment led to at least 80% clinical improvement in most dogs and reduced the ear thickness by at least 50%.
SCHWEIZER ARCHIV FUR TIERHEILKUNDE
(2022)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Barbara Misme-Aucouturier, Marion De Carvalho, Erwan Delage, Eleonore Dijoux, Martin Klein, Carole Brosseau, Marie Bodinier, Laurence Guzylack-Piriou, Gregory Bouchaud
Summary: The prevalence of allergic diseases is increasing worldwide, and this can be attributed to the growing chemical pollution of the environment. This study investigates the effects of Bisphenol A (BPA) on food allergies, revealing its impact on the immune system, gut microbiota, and barrier functions. The findings indicate that BPA exposure leads to increased markers of food allergy and intestinal permeability, as well as dysbiosis and decreased microbial diversity.
Article
Cell Biology
Longlong Wang, Etori Aguiar Moreira, Georg Kempf, Yasuyuki Miyake, Blandina I. Oliveira Esteves, Amal Fahmi, Jonas Schaefer, Birgit Dreier, Yohei Yamauchi, Marco P. Alves, Andreas Plueckthun, Patrick Matthias
Summary: The deacetylase HDAC6 has tandem catalytic domains and a zinc finger domain binding ubiquitin, which promotes the formation of aggresomes and stress granules. Influenza A virus subverts this pathway to facilitate infection. Designed ankyrin repeat proteins (DARPins) targeting the ZnF can impair viral infection and reduce the formation of SGs and aggresomes.
Article
Immunology
Stephanie C. Talker, G. Tuba Barut, Heidi E. L. Lischer, Reto Rufener, Lilly von Munchow, Remy Bruggmann, Artur Summerfield
Summary: This study investigates the transcriptome profiles and functions of bovine monocytes. The findings reveal three subtypes of monocytes in bovine, each with distinct functional roles. Classical monocytes are involved in pro-inflammatory and antibacterial responses, while nonclassical and intermediate monocytes are specialized in regulatory/anti-inflammatory functions, tissue repair, antiviral responses, and T-cell immunomodulation. Furthermore, heterogeneity within classical monocytes is discovered, and intermediate monocytes are proposed as a transient differentiation stage between classical and nonclassical monocytes.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Emilia Radulovic, Kemal Mehinagic, Tsering Wuethrich, Markus Hilty, Horst Posthaus, Artur Summerfield, Nicolas Ruggli, Charaf Benarafa
Summary: In this study, the immunological profile of specific pathogen-free (SPF) and farm-raised Large White domestic pigs before and after African Swine Fever virus (ASFV) infection was compared. The results showed that SPF pigs had lower immune cell counts and basal inflammatory responses at steady state. When infected with a highly virulent virus strain, SPF pigs showed earlier and more severe clinical signs and pro-inflammatory cytokines, indicating a reduced ability to control early virus replication. In contrast, SPF pigs presented a milder and shorter disease course with full recovery when infected with an attenuated virus strain.
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Artur Summerfield, Heidi Gerber, Rebeka Schmitt, Matthias Liniger, Santina Grazioli, Emiliana Brocchi
Summary: This study demonstrates that monoclonal antibodies targeting FMDV O and A serotypes are able to opsonize the virus and induce cell death. Opsonization shows broader reactivity within the serotype and correlates better with vaccine dose compared to neutralization. Neutralization and opsonization titers are similarly predictive of protection.
FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2022)
Letter
Infectious Diseases
Pradip Dashraath, Marco P. Alves, David A. Schwartz, Karin Nielsen-Saines, David Baud
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Alix Pierron, Laurence Guzylack-Piriou, Didier Tardieu, Gilles Foucras, Philippe Guerre
Summary: This study investigated the changes in the sphingolipidome in various tissues and fluids of mice after intraperitoneal injection of zymosan. The concentrations of various sphingolipids were increased after zymosan administration, with the most significant changes observed in peritoneal cells and fluid. The observed changes suggest an increase in de novo synthesis of sphingolipids in response to zymosan.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Sarah Walachowski, Koen Breyne, Thomas Secher, Celine Cougoule, Laurence Guzylack-Piriou, Evelyne Meyer, Gilles Foucras, Guillaume Tabouret
Summary: The study demonstrates that oral administration of beta-glucans can improve the outcome of Escherichia coli infection and reduce tissue damage caused by excessive inflammatory response, and this protective mechanism is not necessarily linked to immune system hyperactivation or immune training.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Gueliz Tuba Barut, Marco Kreuzer, Remy Bruggmann, Artur Summerfield, Stephanie C. Talker
Summary: Dendritic and monocytic cells work together to initiate and shape adaptive immune responses in secondary lymphoid tissue. By sequencing mononuclear phagocytes at the single-cell level in mesenteric lymph nodes of cows, researchers identified distinct clusters of dendritic cells and monocytes/macrophages with different transcriptomic profiles. They also discovered subsets of highly activated migratory dendritic cells and potential differentiation paths for certain cell types. Additionally, they found sub-clusters of monocytes and macrophages driven by pro- or anti-inflammatory gene expression signatures. This study provides valuable insight into the functional properties and differentiation trajectories of mononuclear phagocytes in the immune system.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Y. -C. Chui, D. Baud, A. Fahmi, B. Zumkehr, M. Vouga, L. Pomar, D. Musso, B. C. Thuong, M. P. Alves, M. Stojanovic
Summary: Despite being first identified in 1947, Zika virus-related outbreaks were first described starting from 2007 culminating with the 2015 Latin American outbreak. Hypotheses indicate that the virus has been circulating in Asia for decades, but reports are scarce. We performed serological analysis and screened placental samples isolated in 2008 for the presence of Zika virus from pregnant women in Ho Chi Minh City (Vietnam). None of the placental samples was positive for Zika virus, but four serum samples out of 176 (2.3%) specifically inhibited Zika virus, with variable degrees of cross-reactivity with other flaviviruses. While one of the four samples inhibited only Zika virus, cross-reactivity with other flaviviruses not included in the study could not be ruled out.
TROPICAL DISEASES TRAVEL MEDICINE AND VACCINES
(2023)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Patrick Thalmann, Simone Ehrhard, Artur Summerfield, Meret Elisabeth Ricklin
Summary: This retrospective study described patients presenting to the emergency department of a large university hospital in Switzerland with complaints of tick bite. The study found that although tick bites were not frequently seen in the emergency department, there were many patients with neurological symptoms following tick bites, indicating the need for a systematic assessment of vaccination status, virus serology, and further diagnostic evaluations.
INFECTIOUS DISEASE REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Roger-Junior Eloiflin, Llorenc Grau-Roma, Sylvie Python, Kemal Mehinagic, Aurelie Godel, Genevieve Libeau, Artur Summerfield, Arnaud Bataille, Obdulio Garcia-Nicolas
Summary: This study confirmed the difference in virulence between Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) virus strains and found that viral RNA can be detected in the tissues and serum samples of vaccinated animals.
VETERINARY RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Amal Fahmi, Melanie Bruegger, Beatrice Zumkehr, Blandina I. Oliveira Esteves, David Baud, Marco P. Alves
Summary: This study presents an advanced ex vivo model of human placenta using precision-cut slices obtained through a vibrating tissue slicer. The generated standardized cultures maintain the microstructure and cellular composition comparable to native tissue. The system was applied to study SARS-CoV-2 infection at the maternal-fetal interface and can be used to investigate the basic functions of the human placenta in health and disease.