Article
Ophthalmology
Erica G. Landis, Han Na Park, Micah Chrenek, Li He, Curran Sidhu, Ranjay Chakraborty, Ryan Strickland, P. Michael Iuvone, Machelle T. Pardue
Summary: The study showed that mice exposed to dim rod-dominated illuminance levels develop less severe myopia compared to those exposed to mesopic lighting. Regardless of lens defocus treatment, DA activity was highest under photopic light.
INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Psychology, Experimental
Jason S. Tsukahara, Randall W. Engle
Summary: The study explored the relationship between baseline pupil size and individual cognitive abilities under different lighting conditions. Results showed that baseline pupil size was correlated with fluid intelligence, working memory capacity, and attention control, but the correlation weakened in bright lighting conditions.
Article
Ophthalmology
Brendan L. Portengen, Giorgio L. Porro, Saskia M. Imhof, Marnix Naber
Summary: The study found that the strongest pupil responses occurred when there was a substantial amount of color contrast between the stimulus and background, sacrificing luminance contrast to some extent. An optimal pupillary responsiveness was achieved with a background luminance setting of 20% to 35% color contrast across several color axes.
TRANSLATIONAL VISION SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Irena Fryc, Salvador Bara, Martin Aube, John C. Barentine, Jaime Zamorano
Summary: Most naked-eye astronomical observations are now performed under mesopic conditions due to typical ambient light levels in inhabited places and light pollution. The conversion equations between astronomical and visual photometric systems for specifying and reporting sky brightness in the mesopic range have been deduced. The dependence of the conversion factors on the correlated color temperature of the night sky is minimized for adaptation luminances of 0.5-1.0 cd/m(2).
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Steven M. Thurman, Russell A. Cohen Hoffing, Anna Madison, Anthony J. Ries, Stephen M. Gordon, Jonathan Touryan
Summary: Pupil size is influenced by various cognitive and non-cognitive factors, with scene luminance being one of the strongest modulators. Analyzing correlations between pupil size and pixel intensity changes in different RGB channels during visual search tasks revealed a significant impact of blue and green channels above gaze position. This differential sensitivity of pupillary responses to blue light from above was confirmed in a controlled laboratory experiment, suggesting blue light as a predominant factor influencing pupil size in complex visual environments.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Ophthalmology
MiYoung Kwon, Cynthia Owsley
Summary: This study aimed to assess mesopic reading function in early/intermediate age-related macular degeneration (AMD) patients and compare it to healthy older adults. The results showed that reading vision decreased under mesopic conditions compared to photopic conditions, and this decrease was more pronounced in AMD patients. This study is important for understanding reading impairment in AMD patients.
TRANSLATIONAL VISION SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Mohamad El Haj, Claire Boutoleau-Bretonniere, Guillaume Chapelet
Summary: In this study, the researchers measured the pupil dilation of both older and younger adults while they performed tasks requiring cognitive inhibition. The results showed that both age groups had fewer accurate responses in the interference condition compared to the color-naming and word-reading conditions. Additionally, larger pupil dilation was observed in the interference condition for both older and younger adults.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Computer Science, Software Engineering
Hong Gao, Enkelejda Kasneci
Summary: This study investigates the feasibility of classifying users experiencing VR locomotion into low- and high-user-experience groups based on eye-tracking data. By using machine learning models and statistical analysis, the underlying relationships between eye-tracking features and user experience were uncovered. This research provides a viable tool for assessing and improving VR locomotion techniques and has implications for the design improvement of VR systems to provide a good user experience.
COMPUTER GRAPHICS FORUM
(2022)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Anders Hvid-Hansen, Per Baekgaard, Nina Jacobsen, Jesper Hjortdal, Flemming Moller, Line Kessel
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the reproducibility of pupil size measurements over time and between reading methods. Pupillary data were analyzed on a subset of myopic children enrolled in a multicenter randomized clinical trial. Results showed higher reproducibility under photopic conditions, indicating the potential relevance of photopic measurements when evaluating side effects of atropine treatment.
JOURNAL OF PERSONALIZED MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Andrew J. Zele, Ashim Dey, Prakash Adhikari, Beatrix Feigl
Summary: The study found that photophobia is driven by the melanopsin and cone luminance inputs, with migraineurs showing lower photophobia thresholds and higher post-illumination pupil response amplitudes compared to controls.
Article
Psychology, Experimental
I. K. Wardhani, B. H. Janssen, C. N. Boehler
Summary: The study found that background luminance can affect self-reported sound valence ratings, with generally more positive ratings as luminance increases. Additionally, regardless of background luminance, pupils were smallest in the positive valence condition, largest in the negative valence condition, and neutral valence fell in between.
Article
Ophthalmology
I. K. Wardhani, C. N. Boehler, S. Mathot
Summary: This study investigates the influence of pupil size on subjective brightness perception. The results suggest that larger pupils are associated with a perception of darker brightness. The visual system appears to take pupil size into account when making brightness judgments.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Abdus Samad Ansari, Jelle Vehof, Christopher J. Hammond, Fion D. Bremner, Katie M. Williams
Summary: Genetic factors play a key role in determining resting pupil size and reactivity, with heritability estimated at 86% for pupil size and various pupillary reactions. Age was found to be associated with pupil size and light reaction, while iris color, intraocular pressure, and refractive error showed no significant association with pupil characteristics in this study.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Ophthalmology
Mengdi Li, Lin Zhang, Yi Song, Weiting Hao, Xinheng Zhao, Yan Zhang, Vishal Jhanji, Yan Wang
Summary: This study found that myopic patients with higher preoperative spherical errors experienced more glare at night after SMILE surgery, and postoperative horizontal coma was associated with worse mesopic contrast thresholds.
JOURNAL OF REFRACTIVE SURGERY
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Heloise Rach, Eve Reynaud, Ulker Kilic-Huck, Elisabeth Ruppert, Henri Comtet, Virginie Roy de Belleplaine, Fanny Fuchs, Eus J. W. Van Someren, Pierre A. A. Geoffroy, Patrice Bourgin
Summary: The absence of biomarkers makes it difficult to diagnose idiopathic hypersomnia and distinguish it from other central hypersomnia subtypes. By studying the retinal melanopsin-based pupil response, it was found that both idiopathic hypersomnia and narcolepsy type 1 patients had a reduced pupil response compared to controls. Additionally, basal pupil size was found to be a good discriminator between idiopathic hypersomnia and narcolepsy type 1.
JOURNAL OF SLEEP RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Ophthalmology
David A. Atchison, Marwan Suheimat, Stanislovas Zacharovas, Charles E. Campbell
Summary: Through simulations, it was found that Grand-Seiko autorefractors with annular targets are likely to provide valid peripheral refractions. The results were closer to Zernike refractions and spherical aberration had up to 0.5D impact on refraction, while peripheral coma had limited influence.
OPHTHALMIC AND PHYSIOLOGICAL OPTICS
(2022)
Article
Ophthalmology
Charles E. Campbell, Marwan Suheimat, Stanislovas Zacharovas, David A. Atchison
Summary: The study focused on the optical principles and properties of autorefractors that use the image-size principle. It was found that when light is diverging, hyperopia produces greater retinal image sizes than myopia; conversely, when light is converging, the opposite is true.
OPHTHALMIC AND PHYSIOLOGICAL OPTICS
(2022)
Article
Ophthalmology
Durgasri Jaisankar, Marwan Suheimat, Robert Rosen, David A. Atchison
Summary: This study aimed to investigate whether human peripheral vision can detect local depressions (notches) in CSF, and found that notches were identified in defocused monochromatic CSFs in peripheral vision when all other monochromatic ocular aberrations were corrected, especially with adequate spatial frequency sampling.
OPHTHALMIC AND PHYSIOLOGICAL OPTICS
(2022)
Article
Ophthalmology
David A. Atchison
Summary: This study uses simulations to investigate the effect of lateral misalignment of the Grand-Seiko WR-5100K autorefractor on peripheral refraction. The results show that misalignment causes significant errors in peripheral refraction, with greater effects when misalignment and visual field are in opposite directions.
OPHTHALMIC AND PHYSIOLOGICAL OPTICS
(2022)
Article
Ophthalmology
David A. Atchison, Thien Nguyen, Katrina L. Schmid, Archayeeta Rakshit, Alex S. Baldwin, Robert F. Hess
Summary: The purpose of this study was to simulate lens-induced and screen-induced aniseikonia and evaluate their effects on stereopsis. The results showed that the screen-based method was not always successful in simulating the effects of lens-induced aniseikonia on stereopsis. However, the computer-based method was reasonably successful in neutralizing refractive aniseikonia, especially for overall and x180 meridional aniseikonia.
OPHTHALMIC AND PHYSIOLOGICAL OPTICS
(2022)
Article
Ophthalmology
Joanne M. Wood, David A. Atchison, Alex A. Black, Gregoire S. Larue
Summary: This study investigated the effects of lens blur on incorrect colour perception of red signals. The results showed that low levels of blur resulted in a significant misperception of red signals as orange-yellow, particularly for dim signals. The findings have important implications for vision testing and refractive correction of train drivers to prevent color misperception of red train signals.
OPHTHALMIC AND PHYSIOLOGICAL OPTICS
(2022)
Article
Ophthalmology
Dinesh Kaphle, Saulius R. Varnas, Katrina L. Schmid, Marwan Suheimat, Alexander Leube, David A. Atchison
Summary: This study aimed to compare the accommodative errors between emmetropes and myopes and investigate the effect of using different instruments and metrics. It was found that emmetropes had smaller lags of accommodation compared to myopes. There were significant differences between methods and instruments.
OPHTHALMIC AND PHYSIOLOGICAL OPTICS
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Thomas Coppin, Douglas W. Palmer, Krishan Rana, Donald G. Dansereau, Michael J. Collins, David A. Atchison, Jonathan Roberts, Ross Crawford, Anjali Jaiprakash
Summary: Light field cameras have potential for retinal imaging, with benefits of refocusing images and reducing glare. This work designed a light field fundus camera meeting ISO standards, achieving higher spatial resolution.
SIGNAL PROCESSING-IMAGE COMMUNICATION
(2022)
Article
Ophthalmology
David A. Atchison, Jos J. Rozema
Summary: This study provides an overview of the misconceptions and potential artefacts associated with measuring peripheral refractive error and eye length, and discusses their implications for determining retinal shape and myopia development. Several issues were identified, such as the relationship between peripheral refractive error and myopia development, and the accuracy of measuring peripheral eye length using an optical biometer. Some of these issues can be addressed, while others require further investigation.
OPHTHALMIC AND PHYSIOLOGICAL OPTICS
(2023)
Article
Ophthalmology
Dinesh Kaphle, Katrina L. Schmid, Marwan Suheimat, Scott A. Read, David A. Atchison
Summary: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between peripheral choroid thickness and eye length changes during accommodation. The results showed that eye length increased with accommodation, while the choroid thinned. The thinning of the choroid accounted for approximately 60% of the eye length increase.
OPHTHALMIC AND PHYSIOLOGICAL OPTICS
(2023)
Review
Biochemical Research Methods
Susana Marcos, Pablo Artal, David A. Atchison, Karen Hampson, Richard Legras, Linda Lundstrom, Geunyoung Yoon
Summary: This paper discusses the pioneering work in measuring and correcting eye's optical aberrations using adaptive optics (AO), as well as the development and applications of AO visual simulators. These applications have not only facilitated psychophysics research, but also provided non-invasive optical corrections. With the introduction of new technologies and widespread acceptance in the clinical community, AO simulation shows promising prospects for future applications.
BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS
(2022)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Durgasri Jaisankar, Marwan Suheimat, Robert Rosen, David A. Atchison
Summary: This study compared on-axis and peripheral detection acuities measured with interference fringes and Gabor gratings. The results showed that the peripheral detection acuity was always higher for interference fringes than for Gabor gratings. Additionally, Gabor gratings with sharper edges had higher acuities.
BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS
(2022)
Article
Ophthalmology
Annabelle Seddon, Hanna M. Chaki, Hang-My J. D. Phan, Jessica G. Spink, Matthew L. P. Ha, Surini Wijesuriya, David A. Atchison, Andrew Carkeet
Summary: This study investigated how unequal image sizes between the eyes affect visual acuity. The results showed that induced aniseikonia slightly reduced binocular visual acuity, but the change was small and cannot be used as a diagnostic marker in clinical settings.
CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL OPTOMETRY
(2023)
Article
Ophthalmology
Martin de Tomas, Abel Szeps, Gabriel Martin, Juan Manuel Suarez, David A. Atchison, Jos J. Rozema, Rafael Iribarren
Summary: This study analyzed OCT images of retinal shadows caused by defocus and diffusion optics spectacles. The results showed obvious retinal shadows in the periphery of the images, while the central area remained clear. The discrepancy between the actual size of the shadows and their appearance in the OCT images was attributed to the scanning OCT beam not being parallel to the optical axis. With device-specific correction, retinal OCT images can help visualize the regions affected by defocus or lowered contrast induced by myopia control spectacles.
OPHTHALMIC AND PHYSIOLOGICAL OPTICS
(2023)
Article
Ophthalmology
David A. Atchison, David L. Cooke
Summary: A thin lens technique was developed to determine how the effective powers of toric monofocal intraocular lenses (IOLs) are influenced by tilt and refractive errors. The correction required at the front of the eye and the power of an IOL that would compensate for the tilt were determined through a series of steps.
OPHTHALMIC AND PHYSIOLOGICAL OPTICS
(2023)