Review
Hematology
Thomas W. King, Blake J. Cochran, Kerry-Anne Rye
Summary: ApoA-I, the main component of HDL, has multiple cardioprotective and antidiabetic functions. This review summarizes the current knowledge of apoA-I's antidiabetic effects, the mechanism behind these effects, and the potential of small peptides that mimic apoA-I to be used as innovative treatments for diabetes.
ARTERIOSCLEROSIS THROMBOSIS AND VASCULAR BIOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Cell Biology
Blake J. Cochran, Kwok-Leung Ong, Bikash Manandhar, Kerry-Anne Rye
Summary: Epidemiological studies have shown a link between high plasma high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels and reduced cardiovascular risk, but recent clinical trials of interventions to increase HDL-C levels have not established a causal basis for this relationship. This has shifted research towards enhancing the cardioprotective functions of HDLs, with a focus on discovering novel functions like the antidiabetic properties of HDLs. There is a growing need to explore the potential role of HDLs in diabetes and develop new approaches to complement existing therapies.
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Yanqi Ma, Jing Cai, Ying Wang, Jingfang Liu, Songbo Fu
Summary: Diabetes leads to increased non-enzymatic glycated modification of transferrin, affecting its binding ability with iron and chromium and potentially leading to iron accumulation, pancreatic cell death, and insulin resistance. Glycated transferrin may serve as a future biomarker for evaluating short-term glycemic control and early renal damage in diabetic patients.
DIABETES METABOLIC SYNDROME AND OBESITY-TARGETS AND THERAPY
(2021)
Review
Food Science & Technology
Qian Wu, Yinggang Liang, Yingfei Kong, Fen Zhang, Yingna Feng, Yu Ouyang, Chao Wang, Zhiqiang Guo, Juan Xiao, Nianjie Feng
Summary: Glycated protein is a common substance formed by the combination of sugar and protein in the human body, with enzyme-catalyzed glycated proteins participating in biological activities. Non-enzymatic glycated protein is associated with diseases, but can be modified for utility value. This review discusses the effects of enzymatic glycated protein on human health and elucidates the inhibition methods of non-enzymatic glycated protein.
FOOD RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Mohd Junaid Wani, Khushtar Anwar Salman, Md Amiruddin Hashmi, Sana Siddiqui, Shagufta Moin
Summary: This study examined the anti-glycation potential of rutin on glycated LDL using spectroscopic and in silico methods. Rutin was found to inhibit advanced glycation end-product production and reduce oxidative stress in a dose-dependent manner. The structural abnormalities of glycated LDL were also restored by rutin. Overall, rutin possesses strong anti-glycation properties and may be useful in the treatment of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Hui-Teng Cheng, Xiaoqi Xu, Paik Seong Lim, Kuan-Yu Hung
Summary: The study compared the incidence of diabetes-related end-stage renal disease globally from 2000 to 2015, finding significant geographic variation in the risk of diabetic patients reaching ESRD in different regions during the study period.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Erin Q. Jennings, Kristofer S. Fritz, James J. Galligan
Summary: This review highlights the biochemical genesis and regulation of post-translational modifications (PTMs), which alter protein structure, function, and localization, and play a pivotal role in physiological and pathophysiological conditions.
MOLECULAR ASPECTS OF MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
P. Esackimuthu, N. T. Saraswathi
Summary: The study revealed the impact of glycation by Pyruvic acid on the conformational changes in Hemoglobin, leading to reduction of heme center and formation of advanced glycation end products. The role of pyruvic acid in increasing oxidative stress and diabetic complications was also highlighted.
BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Zaipul I. Md Dom, Eiichiro Satake, Jan Skupien, Bozena Krolewski, Kristina O'Neil, Jill A. Willency, Simon T. Dillon, Jonathan M. Wilson, Hiroki Kobayashi, Katsuhito Ihara, Towia A. Libermann, Marlon Pragnell, Kevin L. Duffin, Andrzej S. Krolewski
Summary: This study identified three elevated plasma proteins associated with protection against progressive renal decline and progression to endstage renal disease in individuals with diabetes. These protective proteins may serve as biomarkers for stratifying diabetic individuals by their risk of developing ESRD, and could be explored as potential therapeutics to delay or prevent ESRD onset.
SCIENCE TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Editorial Material
Rheumatology
Jessica McHugh
Summary: Analysis of Danish national patient register data reveals that diabetes mellitus heightens the risk of end-stage renal disease in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.
NATURE REVIEWS RHEUMATOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Yuetao Zhang, Yue Wang
Summary: The study found that the HDL-C/ApoA-I ratio can more stably predict fasting glucose levels, guiding better in predicting blood sugar levels, and the negative correlation between HDL-C/ApoA-I ratio and FBG levels gradually strengthens as blood glucose levels increase.
DIABETES RESEARCH AND CLINICAL PRACTICE
(2022)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Stanislas Faguer, Arnaud Del Bello, Chloe Danet, Yves Renaudineau, Jacques Izopet, Nassim Kamar
Summary: Viral infections can cause cytokine storms and multiorgan failure in individuals with immunosuppression or specific genetic background. This study examined the use of an ApoA-I-containing HDL mimetic in four severe COVID-19 patients with cytokine storms. The treatment resulted in early clinical improvement in three patients and provides initial safety and proof-of-concept data for further evaluation.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Long Jieni, Xue Yazhi, Zeng Xiaorong, Liu Dan, Ma Yusheng, Rao Jiahuan, Zhang Bin, Li Li, Guo Zhigang
Summary: This study investigated the impact of kidney function on HDL particle size in patients with coronary heart disease. The results showed that as eGFR decreased, HDL-C/apoA-I increased, but significance was only seen when eGFR dropped below 60 mL/(min·1.73m²). Additionally, smaller HDL-C/apoA-I was associated with a higher occurrence of coronary heart disease, regardless of kidney insufficiency.
BMC CARDIOVASCULAR DISORDERS
(2021)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Julio A. Lamprea-Montealegre, Ronit Katz, Hubert Scharnagl, Guenther Silbernagel, Winfried Maerz, Christiane Drechsler, Cristoph Wanner, Ian H. de Boer
Summary: In a study of patients with type 2 diabetes and ESRD undergoing hemodialysis, elevated levels of triglycerides, VLDL-C, and apolipoproteins B and C-III were not found to be associated with an increased risk of ASCVD events. Lowering triglycerides may not reduce the atherosclerotic cardiovascular risk in this population, regardless of treatment allocation or markers of inflammation or malnutrition.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Ajamaluddin Malik, Ghada Obeid Almutairi, Javed Masood Khan, Mona Alonazi, Sundus Mohammed AlRusaini, Abdullah S. Alhomida
Summary: Diabetes is a prevalent global disease that is expected to continue increasing. Non-enzymatic glycation, a key factor in diabetes, worsens disease complications and complicates health management. This study found that anionic surfactants interacting with proteins induce aggregation and amyloid formation, particularly in glycated proteins.
JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR LIQUIDS
(2022)