Journal
CIRCUITS SYSTEMS AND SIGNAL PROCESSING
Volume 38, Issue 3, Pages 1360-1373Publisher
SPRINGER BIRKHAUSER
DOI: 10.1007/s00034-018-0915-4
Keywords
Implantable device; Energy harvesting; Power management; In situ; Subcutaneous; Supercapacitor; Wireless transmission; OOK modulation
Categories
Funding
- Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) MTO through Space and Naval Warfare Systems Center, Pacific Grant [N66001-11-1-4029]
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We report a wireless energy harvesting and telemetry storage system in 180 nm CMOS technology, demonstrated in situ in rat carcass. The implantable device has dimensions 13 mm x 15 mm and stores 87.5 mJ, providing a self-powering time of 8.5 s transmitting through tissue. We utilize an all-solid-state flexible supercapacitor of breakdown voltage 0.8 V and capacitance 400 mF to harvest incoming wireless power, followed by a boost converter CMOS that drives an active wireless transmitter at 1.5 V at 2.4 GHz in the industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) band. The DC/DC converter component and switching frequency selection were guided by genetic algorithm analysis and use digital feedback to control the pulse width modulation (PWM), which slowly modifies the duty cycle to control output voltage fluctuations. This implantable medical device system presents the roadmap for batteryless energy harvesting in vivo and in clinical environments, exhibiting the highest operating storage density of 450 mu J/mm(2) reported to date.
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