Article
Neurosciences
Devyn E. Smith, Isabelle L. Moore, Nicole M. Long
Summary: This study identifies brain states using scalp EEG from male and female human subjects and shows the extent to which temporal overlap promotes interference and induces retrieval. Greater temporal overlap leads to impaired memory for the past event selectively when the top-down goal is to encode the present event. Additionally, greater temporal overlap leads to automatic retrieval of a past event, independent of top-down goals. These findings provide insight into the role of temporal overlap on interference and memory formation.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Weilun Sun, Ilseob Choi, Stoyan Stoyanov, Oleg Senkov, Evgeni Ponimaskin, York Winter, Janelle M. P. Pakan, Alexander Dityatev
Summary: The study demonstrates that neurons in the retrosplenial cortex are capable of encoding multiple task-related dimensions across learning, particularly showing enhanced performance in tasks requiring cognitive flexibility. Chemogenetic inactivation of the RSC disrupts behavioral context discrimination during learning phases, but does not affect recall of previously formed associations, suggesting a crucial role for the RSC in context-value updating.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Kyeong-Jin Tark, Min-Suk Kang, Sang Chul Chong, Won Mok Shim
Summary: The study found that the human visual system is able to extract summary statistics from sets of similar items, but the underlying neural mechanism is still poorly understood. The neural representation of ensemble coding is gradually increased in response to the mean orientation of multiple stimuli, especially when the orientations are task-relevant, and can co-exist with task-relevant individual feature representation. It is suggested that the neural representation of ensemble percept is formed by pooling signals at multiple levels of the visual processing stream.
Article
Neurosciences
Yi-Chieh Chiu, Tracy H. Wang, Diane M. Beck, Jarrod A. Lewis-Peacock, Lili Sahakyan
Summary: This study shows that context processing is crucial in the forgetting of individual items, with scene-related activity increasing and item-related information decreasing after a forget instruction. The separation between item information and context information predicts successful forgetting.
Article
Neurosciences
Jacqueline M. Fulvio, Qing Yu, Bradley R. Postle
Summary: Working memory requires encoding stimulus identity and context. The posterior parietal cortex (PPC) plays a crucial role in controlling the representation of stimulus context in visual working memory (WM), showing sensitivity to context binding requirements and domain.
Article
Neurosciences
Sydney Trask, Fred J. Helmstetter
Summary: The rat retrosplenial cortex (RSC) plays a critical role in learning and memory. This study provides evidence that inhibition of cells in the posterior RSC during pre-exposure to a training context reduces behavioral responding during subsequent memory tests. Inhibition of either anterior or posterior RSC during shock delivery impairs memory, and inhibiting cellular activity in the posterior RSC during memory retrieval reduces responding. These findings demonstrate the importance of the posterior RSC in memory formation, retrieval, and expression of contextual information.
Article
Neurosciences
Francesca M. Branzi, Gorana Pobric, JeYoung Jung, Matthew A. Lambon Ralph
Summary: This study investigated the role of the left angular gyrus (AG) in language processing using TMS, finding that disruption to the left AG impairs the integration of contextual information and encoding of information during language processing. Results showed that TMS over the left AG during reading tasks impaired the formation of integrated context-target representation, providing evidence of a causal link between left AG function, on-line information integration, and associative encoding during language processing.
JOURNAL OF COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Optics
Yingming Xu, Xingchen Pan, Cheng Liu, Jianqiang Zhu
Summary: Coherent modulation imaging (CMI) improves the convergence performance of coherent diffraction imaging by introducing a pre-characterized wave modulator, but traditional algorithms suffer from low SNR. This study proposes a revised CMI algorithm based on beam splitting encoding and averaging, demonstrating fast convergence speed and high SNR in simulations and experiments.
Article
Behavioral Sciences
E. Song Liu, Mingzhu Hou, Joshua D. Koen, Michael D. Rugg
Summary: This study examined the effects of age on encoding-related neural activity predictive of accurate item and source memory judgments using fMRI. The results showed that there were differences in neural activity between young and older adults, with hippocampus mainly involved in source memory and IFG associated with both item and source memory. Additionally, the findings revealed a positive correlation between IFG and hippocampal encoding effects and memory performance in older adults.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Sebastian Schindler, Ria Vormbrock, Johanna Kissler
Summary: This study investigates the effects of encoding context on verbal memory. The results show that memory performance is better in the social-feedback group, although they also exhibit a strong response bias. Brain event-related potentials (ERPs) reveal stronger early negativities and late positivities in the social-feedback group. The explicit verbal-learning group shows higher amplitudes in the subsequent slow-wave, indicating reliance on strategic processes. Incidental encoding driven by context outweighs explicit instructions, highlighting the importance of social factors in memory.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Liisa Raud, Markus H. Sneve, Didac Vidal-Pineiro, Oystein Sorensen, Line Folvik, Hedda T. Ness, Athanasia M. Mowinckel, Hakon Grydeland, Kristine B. Walhovd, Anders M. Fjell
Summary: Memory encoding and retrieval are important processes in episodic memory, with the hippocampus playing a key role. However, the connectivity between the hippocampus and neocortex during memory processing in humans is not well understood. This study used data from two large-scale functional resonance imaging studies to identify hippocampal-cortical networks active during memory tasks. The functional connectivity maps were similar during resting state, encoding, and retrieval, and the connectivity profiles of the anterior and posterior hippocampus were stable across different states. During retrieval, the hippocampal connectivity with areas involved in recollection increased, while encoding connectivity likely reflected contextual factors.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Hyun Chan Hwang, Sun Mi Kim, Doug Hyun Han
Summary: The study found that schizophrenic patients have lower emotional perception abilities compared to bipolar disorder patients, indicating disrupted emotional perception abilities are linked to altered brain functional connectivity. Schizophrenic patients show reduced usage of the frontal lobe, while bipolar patients compensate for facial emotion recognition using the parietal lobe.
JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS
(2021)
Article
Biology
Rolando Masis-Obando, Kenneth A. Norman, Christopher Baldassano
Summary: Schematic prior knowledge plays a crucial role in the construction and retrieval of event memories. The activation of schema representations in the medial prefrontal cortex was found to be correlated with successful recall of story details, mainly during encoding rather than retrieval processes.
Article
Neurosciences
Yang Zhou, Krithika Mohan, David J. Freedman
Summary: Categorization is a crucial cognitive process for decision-making and recognition, and the posterior parietal cortex, specifically the lateral intraparietal (LIP) area, is believed to transform visual feature encoding into abstract categorical representations. However, areas closer to sensory input, such as the middle temporal (MT) area, only encode stimulus features and not abstract categorical information. By studying the neuronal activity in the medial superior temporal (MST) and LIP areas during a visual motion categorization task, it has been found that MST plays a significant role in cognitive computation beyond its recognized role in visual motion processing.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Xinjing Song, Di Wang, Chai Quek, Ah-Hwee Tan, Yanjiang Wang
Summary: This paper proposes a cognitive model called STEM-ADL, which encodes event sequences to predict the type and starting time of daily self-care activities. Experimental results demonstrate that STEM-ADL outperforms other models and is suitable for real-life healthcare applications.
COMPLEX & INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS
(2023)