Article
Engineering, Environmental
Xinfang Zhang, Yoav Eichen, Zhenwei Miao, Shuangkun Zhang, Qing Cai, Wei Liu, Jingbo Zhao, Zhanpeng Wu
Summary: New polyimine vitrimers with excellent flame retardancy and high thermostability were developed. After three recycling cycles, the vitrimers still maintained over 90% recycling efficiency.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Thermodynamics
Kailun Zhang, Hongjuan Wu, Tian Wang, Meng Yao, Jixing Xie, Yunhong Jiao
Summary: A novel flame retardant PBFA was synthesized and mixed with PEPA to enhance the flame retardancy of polypropylene, achieving UL-94 V0 rating. The best performance was observed at a mass ratio of 2:1, significantly reducing heat release rate, total heat release, and smoke production. FTIR analysis showed that the IFR mechanism mainly operated in the condensed phase.
JOURNAL OF THERMAL ANALYSIS AND CALORIMETRY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Seyed Mohsen Seraji, Houlei Gan, Samuel R. Swan, Russell J. Varley
Summary: The epoxy amine resin developed for high pressure resin transfer moulding composite fabrication exhibits rapid curing, low viscosity, good thermal and mechanical properties, and excellent flame retardancy. The addition of HPCTP fire-retardant additive results in only a small increase in viscosity, while achieving a V0 rating and a high LOI in the UL-94 test.
REACTIVE & FUNCTIONAL POLYMERS
(2021)
Article
Polymer Science
Junhua Kong, Lili Zhou, Zhi Qiao, Lei Zhang, Qi Feng Lim, Jessica Pei Wen Toh, Ming Yan Tan, Sze Yu Tan, Ting Ting Lin, Qiang Zhu, Warintorn Thitsartarn, Songlin Liu, Chaobin He
Summary: In this study, phosphazene cyclomatrix molecules with different molecular structures were successfully synthesized by controlling PCT/PER molar ratio and feeding manner. The macromolecules self-assembled into cubic nanocrystals. Thermal analysis showed that these molecules had low and high temperature degradation domains, and the macromolecules had the highest carbon forming ability. When incorporated into composites, the macromolecules significantly improved the flame retardant and mechanical properties of the materials.
POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY
(2023)
Article
Polymer Science
Natalia Bornosuz, Roman F. Korotkov, Alexander A. Kolenchenko, Alexey Shapagin, Alexey Orlov, Irina Yu Gorbunova, Vyacheslav V. Kireev, Igor S. Sirotin
Summary: This study investigated the influence of phosphazene modifiers with different substituents on the curing process, thermal properties, and flammability of benzoxazine resin. It was found that the addition of these modifiers decreased the glass transition temperature and thermal stability of the polymers, while improving flame resistance. The catalytic activity of the phosphazene compounds varied depending on the substituents, with m-toluidine substitutions showing the lowest activity.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Seok Hyeon Kang, Jung-Kyu Jang, Hwan Yeop Jeong, Soonyong So, Sung-Kwon Hong, Young Taik Hong, Sang Jun Yoon, Duk Man Yu
Summary: In this study, a porous composite membrane based on polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and incorporating a phosphorus flame-retardant agent was fabricated for a heat-resistant and flame-retardant separator in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). The membrane showed improved mechanical and thermal properties and exhibited excellent self-extinguishability, ensuring the high safety of LIBs. Additionally, the membrane demonstrated higher ionic conductivity and electrolyte uptake compared to a commercial polypropylene (PP) separator, making it a promising material for high-energy density and safe LIBs.
ACS APPLIED ENERGY MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Ge Zhang, Yanli Dong, Meng Yao, Yumeng Cui, Weihua Meng, Shanshan Wang, Hongqiang Qu, Jianzhong Xu
Summary: A novel metal-organic framework (Zn-MOF) containing phosphazene ring and Zn2+ was synthesized and it was found that adding 9 wt% solvent removed Zn-MOF (SR-Zn-MOF) significantly reduced the peak heat release rate (PHRR), peak smoke production rate (PSPR), peak CO production (PCOP), and CO2 production (CO2P) of epoxy resin composites. The thermal decomposition of the organic ligands in Zn-MOF promotes the carbonization of the epoxy resin matrix and generates non-flammable gases, such as NH3 and CO2, which dilute the concentration of combustible fuel and O2 in the gas phase. Therefore, Zn-MOF shows excellent flame retardant and smoke suppression effects on EP.
REACTIVE & FUNCTIONAL POLYMERS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Daohai Zhang, Meng Pei, Ke Wei, Fang Tan, Chengtao Gao, Dongmei Bao, Shuhao Qin
Summary: In this study, a DOPO derivative-conjugated flame retardant P-PPD-Ph with two hydroxyl groups was synthesized and used to prepare polylactic acid (PLA) conjugated flame-retardant composites. The flame-retardant properties of the composites were investigated using limiting oxygen index (LOI) and vertical burning test (UL94). It was found that the addition of 5 wt% conjugated flame retardant achieved a V-0 rating, indicating excellent flame retardancy.
FRONTIERS IN CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Thermodynamics
Wei Yang, Xiang Dong, Shi-bin Nie, Ji-nian Yang, Xiang-feng Zhang, Xue-qiang Wu, Cheng-ye Fang, Hai-lin Su
Summary: Efficient and hydrophobic modificated ammonium polyphosphate (M-APP) and charring agent (M-CA) were prepared using sol-gel method for the preparation of water-resistant and flame-retardant polypropylene (PP) composites. The results showed improved flame retardancy and reduced heat and smoke release in the PP composites. Additionally, the PP composite with M-APP/M-CA = 3:1 exhibited excellent water resistance even after soaking in 70 degrees water for 168 hours.
JOURNAL OF THERMAL ANALYSIS AND CALORIMETRY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Junzhuo Sun, Daohai Zhang, Xiaoyu Shang, Fang Tan, Dongmei Bao, Shuhao Qin
Summary: The study prepared long fiber reinforced polybutylene terephthalate (LGF/PBT/DOPO-HQ) flame-retardant composites using DOPO-HQ as the flame-retardant. The effects of different flame-retardant contents on the combustion properties were investigated. The results showed that the composite achieved V-0 level flame retardancy and had low heat release rate and high oxygen index after adding 14% of DOPO-HQ.
FRONTIERS IN CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Xiao-Feng Liu, Yan-Fang Xiao, Xi Luo, Bo-Wen Liu, De-Ming Guo, Li Chen, Yu-Zhong Wang
Summary: In this study, a high-performance and multifunctional epoxy resin EP-DPI was successfully synthesized by incorporating a functional molecule DPI, which exhibited excellent mechanical performance, high glass transition temperature, transparency, UV-shielding effect, and anti-ignition properties. This work opens up a new strategy for developing novel high-performance and multifunctional EPs with potential versatile applications in various fields.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Polymer Science
Dandan Chen, Benben Liu, Xu Wang, Xiangmei Li, Xingyan Xu, Jiyu He, Rongjie Yang
Summary: Benzoxazine resins with different content of 4,4'-(hexafluoroisopropylidene) diphthalic dianhydride (m-EFDA) were prepared to improve the thermal stability, flame retardancy and dielectric properties of the resin. The results showed that benzoxazine improved the processing window of m-EFDA and m-EFDA enhanced the thermal stability and dielectric properties of benzoxazine resins. The resin containing m-EFDA exhibited great performance improvement and could be potentially used as a high temperature and low dielectric material in the aerospace and microelectronics field.
POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Abdulmalik Yusuf, Venkata Sai Avvaru, Jimena De la Vega, Mingyang Zhang, Javier Garcia Molleja, De-Yi Wang
Summary: The safety risks associated with the liquid electrolytes of lithium-ion batteries have become a major concern due to an increase in fires related to these electrolytes in electric vehicles and portable devices. Efforts to address the fire safety of electrolytes have primarily focused on incorporating flame retardant additives, which often result in poor electrochemical properties. However, studies have shown that the addition of low amounts (around 5 vol%) of fluorinated phosphazene-based flame retardants can yield non-flammable electrolytes while also improving electrochemical properties. This research utilizes advanced testing methods to analyze a model electrolyte, revealing that a fluorinated phosphazene-based flame retardant electrolyte with up to 6 vol% only delays ignition, contrary to widely believed non-flammable behavior. Additionally, for the first time, the chemistry and structure of a flame retardant-derived cathode electrolyte interphase (CEI) layer formed on the LiFePO4 cathode surface are clarified, demonstrating that the CEI layer, characterized by a phosphorus and nitrogen-rich composition, inhibits the formation of a thick parasitic LiF layer and improves the electrochemical integrity of cells.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Paper & Wood
Xu-Chen Jiang, Ping Li, Yun Liu, Jun-Sheng Wang
Summary: A flame-retardant coating was successfully constructed on ramie fabrics using the dip-pad-bake method, resulting in enhanced fire safety properties. The simple preparation process of RF-APPs using only APP provides a feasible solution for flame-retardant natural fibers reinforced composites.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Yi Yang, Rui Yang, Yu Liu, Zhenhao Yao, Qian Chen, Kan Zhang
Summary: A novel monobenzoxazine, ODOPB-pa, was synthesized by incorporating an intramolecular 6-membered ring hydrogen bond into a benzoxazine monomer. ODOPB-pa exhibited a relatively lower polymerization temperature and the intramolecular hydrogen bond played a significant role in its polymerization behavior. The cured product, poly(ODOPB-pa), demonstrated high thermal stability and good flame retardant properties. The blend of TH-pa and ODOPB-pa showed the best thermal and flame retardant properties when containing 10 wt% ODOPB-pa.
REACTIVE & FUNCTIONAL POLYMERS
(2023)
Article
Polymer Science
K. Krishnadevi, S. Devaraju, S. Sriharshitha, M. Alagar, Y. Priya
Article
Materials Science, Characterization & Testing
Manokaran Vadivel, Moses Suresh Chandra Kumar, Jabbar Abbas Mohaideen, Muthukaruppan Alagar, Murugesan Sankarganesh, Jeyaraj Dhaveethu Raja
POLYMERS & POLYMER COMPOSITES
(2020)
Article
Polymer Science
Prabunathan Pichaimani, Hariharan Arumugam, Dineshkumar Gopalakrishnan, Balaji Krishnasam, Alagar Muthukaruppan
JOURNAL OF INORGANIC AND ORGANOMETALLIC POLYMERS AND MATERIALS
(2020)
Article
Polymer Science
Siraimeettan Kurinchyselvan, Ayyavu Chandramohan, Arumugam Hariharan, Ponnaiah Gomathipriya, Muthukaruppan Alagar
Summary: Two different benzoxazine monomers were synthesized and their molecular structures confirmed using spectroscopy tools. The thermal stability of the nanocomposites was increased by reinforcing with functionalized MCM-41 and the dielectric properties were studied, showing ultra-low dielectric constant values. These hybrid composites can be used as adhesives, sealants, and encapsulants in high-performance microelectronics applications.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Arumugam Hariharan, Pichaimani Prabunathan, Manickam Manoj, Muthukaruppan Alagar
POLYMER ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE
(2020)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Abdul Aleem Mohamed Ismail, Kavikumaran Kannadasan, Prabunathan Pichaimani, Hariharan Arumugam, Alagar Muthukaruppan
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
(2020)
Article
Polymer Science
S. Devaraju, K. Krishnadevi, E. Naveena, M. Alagar
Summary: In this study, a high thermal and flame-retardant polybenzoxazine-silica hybrid material was synthesized using renewable raw materials. The thermal and flame-resistant properties of the material were significantly improved, making it a suitable alternative to petroleum-based polymeric materials for better thermal and flame-resistant applications.
Article
Materials Science, Characterization & Testing
Arumugam Hariharan, Pichaimani Prabunathan, Ammasai Kumaravel, Manickam Manoj, Muthukaruppan Alagar
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Vengatesan M. Rangaraj, Subramani Devaraju, K. Rambabu, Fawzi Banat, Vikas Mittal
Summary: The study demonstrates that incorporating Ag-Sep hybrid into composite films can increase modulus, improve migration of active compounds in food simulants, exhibit high DPPH radical inhibition efficiency, and slow-release kinetics. The Ag-Sep hybrid also enhances the antimicrobial properties of the composite film.
Article
Polymer Science
Devaraju Subramani, Krishnadevi Krishnamoorthy, Naveena Eeda, Sriharshitha Salendra, Ashok Kumar Achimuthu
Summary: A highly flexible bio-silica reinforced poly (benzoxazine-co-epoxy) hybrid composites with improved thermal and flame-resistance properties were developed in this study. The composites are potential materials for various applications including marine coating, aerospace, and microelectronics.
JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE PART A-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Polymer Science
S. Devaraju, P. Eswar, T. Gangadhar Reddy, K. Ravi Kumar
Summary: Low-temperature curing aniline-based benzoxazines were developed using transition metal salts and alkali-alkaline earth metal salts as catalysts. The catalysts effectively reduced the curing temperature and improved the flame retardant properties of the resultant polybenzoxazines.
JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE PART A-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Polymer Science
Salendra Sriharshitha, Krishnamoorthy Krishnadevi, Subramani Devaraju, Dakshinamoorthy Prasanna
Summary: In this study, a new strategy was explored to develop bio-based poly(E-aee-co-MA) materials for intrinsic autonomous self-healing applications. The developed materials exhibited good and repeated self-healing ability due to the supra-molecular action and hydrogen bonding interactions in the network structure. The study provides insights into the development of eco-friendly self-healing polymers.
JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Devaraju Subramani, Aruna Kumar Mohanty, Du-hyun Won, Hyun-jong Paik
Summary: A simple in situ sol-gel hybrid approach was used to enhance the mechanical stability and hydrophobic property of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) transparent conductive films (TCFs). PEDOT:P(SS-co-AMA)/silica hybrid films were prepared using thiol-ene click and sol-gel reactions with silane precursors. The hybrid films demonstrated improved hydrophobicity and mechanical stability due to the cross-linked silica network, perfluorooctyl moiety, and good compatibility between organic and inorganic phases. These PEDOT-silica hybrid films with excellent transparency, electrical conductivity, and hydrophobic and mechanical properties are suitable for durable optoelectronic device applications.
ACS APPLIED POLYMER MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Polymer Science
Devaraju Subramani, Aruna Kumar Mohanty, Du-hyun Won, Youngkun Hong, Hyun-jong Paik
Summary: This study reports the synthesis of a poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) aqueous dispersion using sulfonated poly(ether sulfone) (SPES) with hydrophobic fluorinated groups to enhance the weather and water stability of conductive films. The conductivity and surface morphology of PEDOT:SPES thin films were investigated, and a 200-fold increase in conductivity was observed after N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) treatment, with a transmittance over 96.5%. Raman spectroscopy revealed conformational changes in PEDOT chains due to the solvent treatment. In comparison to commercial PEDOT:poly(styrene sulfonic acid) (PSS), the PEDOT:SPES films showed improved water and weather stability in terms of dimensional stability. Furthermore, the PEDOT:SPES films were tested as hole transport layers in organic solar cells, achieving a good power conversion efficiency (3.36%), comparable to conventional PEDOT:PSS (AI 4083).
MACROMOLECULAR CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Subramani Devaraju, Aruna Kumar Mohanty, Du-hyun Won, Hyun-jong Paik
Summary: This work reports the fabrication of flexible and bendable transparent conducting electrodes (TCEs) using a hybrid of silver nanowires (AgNWs) and neutralized PEDOT:PSS. The TCEs showed good mechanical stability, optical and electrical properties, and potential for highly flexible electronic applications.
MATERIALS ADVANCES
(2023)
