Article
Immunology
Jingjing Zhang, Xingli Xu, Suqin Duan, Yang Gao, Danjing Ma, Rong Yue, Fengyuan Zeng, Xueqi Li, Ziyan Meng, Xinghang Li, Zhenye Niu, Guorun Jiang, Li Yu, Yun Liao, Dandan Li, Lichun Wang, Heng Zhao, Ying Zhang, Qihan Li
Summary: This study revealed the strategy of how HSV-1 infection of dendritic cells interferes with the immune system, by investigating the impact of virus infection on both innate and adaptive immunity.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Ophthalmology
Pratima Krishna Suvas, Mizumi Setia, Mashidur Rana, Anish Chakraborty, Susmit Suvas
Summary: This study aimed to characterize CXCR4-expressing cells in uninfected and herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) infected corneas. The expression of CXCR4 and CXCL12 transcripts in uninfected and HSV-1-infected corneas was detected using RT-qPCR assay. Immunofluorescence staining and flow cytometry assay were used to characterize the CXCR4-expressing cells in the corneas.
Article
Microbiology
Fujun Hou, Zeyu Sun, Yue Deng, Siyu Chen, Xiyuan Yang, Feiyang Ji, Menghao Zhou, Keyi Ren, Dongli Pan
Summary: This study investigates the targets of ICP0 in HSV-1 infection and its roles in neuronal cells. Mass spectrometry analysis identified various proteins interacting with ICP0 in Neuro-2a and 293T cells. Further experiments confirmed that SNX9 and OTUD4 restrict the replication of ICP0-null virus in neuronal cells, and OTUD4 enhances the expression of type I interferon during infection with ICP0-null virus.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Fanghui Ren, Ryo Narita, Ahmad S. Rashidi, Stefanie Fruhwurth, Zongliang Gao, Rasmus O. Bak, Martin K. Thomsen, Georges M. G. M. Verjans, Line S. Reinert, Soren R. Paludan
Summary: Neurotropic viruses such as herpes simplex virus (HSV) can infect neurons and cause severe diseases. HSV-induced neuronal cell death is mediated by gasdermin E (GSDME) and involves endoplasmic reticulum stress, caspase activation, and mitochondria-dependent apoptosis. The necrotic neurons release alarmins, triggering inflammatory responses in microglia.
Article
Virology
Edward Trybala, Nadia Peerboom, Beata Adamiak, Malgorzata Krzyzowska, Jan-Ake Liljeqvist, Marta Bally, Tomas Bergstrom
Summary: The study shows that the HSV-2 mutant deficient in mgG expression has a defect in releasing progeny virions from infected cells. The mgG of HSV-2 plays a critical role in balancing virus interactions with GAG chains, preventing trapping of progeny virions on infected cell surfaces. This balance is necessary to ensure proper release of virions.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Sarah H. Brown, Vanessa A. R. States, Abaseen K. Afghan, Gowri Satyanarayana
Summary: This is a case of a 65-year-old female patient with a history of acute myelogenous leukemia and buccal squamous cell carcinoma, who underwent peripheral blood stem cell transplant and was found to have HSV-1-infected cancer cells on histopathological examination and was treated with valacyclovir.
BMC INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Pediatrics
Yuhi Takagi, Yuji Fujita, Tomohiro Otaka, Yuji Kano, Keitaro Fukushima, Yuya Sato, Shigemi Yoshihara
Summary: A 17-day-old girl was diagnosed with disseminated herpes simplex virus-1 infection-associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. The virus was detected in the neonate's blood and mandible. The neonate was treated with dexamethasone and acyclovir and discharged without neurological sequelae. The mother had no history of a herpes simplex virus-1 infection and did not have visible genital herpetic lesions; moreover, the neonate was delivered via an elective cesarean section. However, the day before the delivery, the mother had met with the neonate's grandmother, who had herpes labialis. Viral DNA was detected in bilateral breast milk samples; however, no superficial herpetic lesions were noted on both breasts. The authors speculated that the neonate may have acquired the infection via contaminated breast milk. Thus far, only one neonatal case of this infection contracted via breast milk has been reported. Further studies on breast milk as a transmission route for these infections are required.
INDIAN JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Adam Zwolak, Szeman Ruby Chan, Paul Harvilla, Sally Mahady, Anthony A. Armstrong, Leopoldo Luistro, Ninkka Tamot, Douglas Yamada, Mehabaw Derebe, Steven Pomerantz, Mark Chiu, Rajkumar Ganesan, Partha Chowdhury
Summary: A stable recombinant TL1A molecule was designed, which can activate T cells and induce downstream signaling through specific receptors, suggesting its potential for therapeutic development.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Dor Rafael, Enosh Tomer, Oren Kobiler
Summary: Latent infection is a characteristic feature of herpesviruses, where the number of latent viral genomes reactivating per cell is limited and typically only one genome reactivates in each cell.
MICROBIOLOGY SPECTRUM
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Christopher M. Pruitt, Lise E. Nigrovic, Stephen B. Freedman, Stuart A. Bradin, Sarah J. Curtis, Todd W. Lyons, Aaron S. Miller, Pamela J. Okada, Suzanne M. Schmidt, David Schnadower, Joanna E. Thomson, Andrea T. Cruz
Summary: Despite clear testing recommendations, there is a lack of comprehensive HSV testing in infants. A study of 112 infants with confirmed HSV disease from 23 research centers found that less than one-fifth of the infants underwent all recommended testing, emphasizing the need for increased awareness and adherence to testing recommendations for this vulnerable population.
PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Diana N. Tran, Amy T. C. M. Bakx, Vera Dis, Eleonora Aronica, Robert M. Verdijk, Werner J. D. Ouwendijk
Summary: The findings suggest that latent or lytic HSV infection in human neurons is not directly associated with aberrant A beta or pTau protein expression. Some aging-related abnormalities were observed in the brains of HSE patients, but they were not limited to HSV-infected cells or brain regions.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Maya E. Kotas, Camille M. Moore, Jose G. Gurrola, Steven D. Pletcher, Andrew N. Goldberg, Raquel Alvarez, Sheyla Yamato, Preston E. Bratcher, Ciaran A. Shaughnessy, Pamela L. Zeitlin, Irene H. Zhang, Yingchun Li, Michael T. Montgomery, Keehoon Lee, Emily K. Cope, Richard M. Locksley, Max A. Seibold, Erin D. Gordon
Summary: Chronic type 2 inflammatory diseases of the respiratory tract are characterized by mucus overproduction and disordered mucociliary function. Common epithelial cell types (mucus secretory and ciliated cells) are affected by IL-13, but it is unclear what role rare cells (tuft cells) play in airway T2 inflammation. This study found that IL-13 expands and programs airway tuft cells towards eicosanoid metabolism and deficiency of tuft cells leads to reduced airway PGE concentration. Tuft cells have a role in regulating epithelial mucociliary function in the allergic airway.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Kerry J. Laing, Werner J. D. Ouwendijk, Victoria L. Campbell, Christopher L. McClurkan, Shahin Mortazavi, Michael Elder Waters, Maxwell P. Krist, Richard Tu, Nhi Nguyen, Krithi Basu, Congrong Miao, D. Scott Schmid, Christine Johnston, Georges M. G. M. Verjans, David M. Koelle
Summary: This study reveals that varicella-zoster virus-specific T cells preferentially persist as tissue-resident-memory T cells in the rash-involved skin after recovery from zoster, indicating their importance in controlling skin infections.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Marzena Lenart, Edyta Dzialo, Anna Kluczewska, Kazimierz Weglarczyk, Anna Szaflarska, Magdalena Rutkowska-Zapala, Marcin Surmiak, Marek Sanak, Anna Pituch-Noworolska, Maciej Siedlar
Summary: The study identified upregulated expression of four miRNAs in patients with severe and/or recurrent HSV infection, which, when inhibited, affected NK cell antiviral response. Furthermore, these miRNAs were found to regulate genes involved in antiviral response pathways and impact NK cell intracellular protein expression.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Matylda Barbara Mielcarska, Katarzyna Skowronska, Zbigniew Wyzewski, Felix Ngosa Toka
Summary: Current data strongly indicate that herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infection is a contributing factor to Alzheimer's disease (AD). HSV-1 infection causes damage to neurons and glial cells, as well as modifications in their environment, leading to impaired signal transmission and homeostatic and immune functions. This review discusses the pathological alterations in central nervous system (CNS) cells following HSV-1 infection, including inflammatory responses, oxidative damage, and cellular dysfunctions associated with AD development.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Celine Boutry, Andrew Hastie, Javier Diez-Domingo, Juan Carlos Tinoco, Chong-Jen Yu, Charles Andrews, Jean Beytout, Covadonga Caso, Huey-Shinn Cheng, Hee Jin Cheong, Eun Ju Choo, Dan Curiac, Emmanuel Di Paolo, Marc Dionne, Tamara Eckermann, Meral Esen, Murdo Ferguson, Wayne Ghesquiere, Shinn-Jang Hwang, Thiago Junqueira Avelino-Silva, Pavel Kosina, Chiu-Shong Liu, Jukka Markkula, Beate Moeckesch, Claudia Murta de Oliveira, Dae Won Park, Karlis Pauksens, Paola Pirrotta, Georg Plassmann, Carol Pretswell, Lars Rombo, Bruno Salaun, Johan Sanmartin Berglund, Isabelle Schenkenberger, Tino Schwarz, Meng Shi, Benita Ukkonen, Toufik Zahaf, Cristiano Zerbini, Anne Schuind, Anthony L. Cunningham
Summary: The efficacy against herpes zoster and immune responses to the adjuvanted recombinant zoster vaccine remained high for at least 7 years post-vaccination, with both efficacy and immune responses plateauing at high levels between 5.1 and 7.1 years post-vaccination. These results suggest that the clinical benefit of the vaccine in older adults is sustained long-term.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Hematology
Yandong Shen, Jane A. Freeman, Juliette Holland, Ann Solterbeck, Kartik Naidu, Asha Soosapilla, Paul Downe, Catherine Tang, Ian Kerridge, Lucinda Wallman, Nenna Van Bilsen, Vanessa Milogiannakis, Anouschka Akerman, Gabriela Martins Costa Gomes, Kerrie Sandgren, Anthony L. Cunningham, Stuart Turville, Stephen P. Mulligan
Summary: Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) and monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis (MBL) patients have poor immune response to COVID-19 vaccines, with most of them failing to produce sufficient antibody levels. The patients' treatment status and reduced immune function are associated with vaccine immunization failure.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF HAEMATOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Kevin Danastas, Ava Larsen, Sophie Jobson, Gerry Guo, Anthony L. Cunningham, Monica Miranda-Saksena
Summary: This study reveals the important role of actin and myosin V in the release of HSV-1 from axon termini. Inhibition of actin polymerization and myosin V significantly reduces the release of the virus. These findings contribute to our understanding of the mechanisms of HSV-1 transmission.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Racha Arnous, Sana Arshad, Kerrie Sandgren, Anthony L. Cunningham, Nicole Carnt, Andrew White
Summary: This study aims to investigate the presence of tissue-resident memory T cells (T-RMs) in deeper layers of the healthy human conjunctiva. Using immunofluorescence microscopy, the researchers found CD69(+)T(RM) subsets in all layers of the conjunctiva, with higher densities in the adenoid layer. Interestingly, CD4 T-RMs were more abundant than CD8 T-RMs in the adenoid layer. These findings suggest the presence of defense mechanisms capable of inducing long-term immunogenic memory in the deep conjunctiva.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Anesthesiology
Joon Hyung Kim, Robert Johnson, Martina Kovac, Anthony L. Cunningham, Mohamed Amakrane, Keith M. Sullivan, Alemnew F. Dagnew, Desmond Curran, Anne Schuind
Summary: Herpes zoster and HZ-associated pain significantly impact the quality of life of older and immunocompromised adults. The adjuvanted recombinant zoster vaccine has been proven effective in preventing HZ and reducing pain severity in healthy and immunocompromised adults. It also reduces the duration of HZ-associated pain and pain medication use, thus improving patients' quality of life.
Review
Rehabilitation
Sally Casson, Matthew D. Jones, Joanne Cassar, Natalie Kwai, Andrew R. Lloyd, Benjamin K. Barry, Carolina X. Sandler
Summary: Activity pacing interventions are effective in reducing fatigue and psychological distress and improving physical function in people with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), particularly when individuals are encouraged to gradually increase activities.
DISABILITY AND REHABILITATION
(2023)
Letter
Immunology
Kirstie M. Bertram, Thomas R. O'Neil, Erica E. Vine, Heeva Baharlou, Anthony L. Cunningham, Andrew N. Harman
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Rebecca J. Winter, Yumi Sheehan, Timothy Papaluca, Graeme A. Macdonald, Joy Rowland, Anton Colman, Mark Stoove, Andrew R. Lloyd, Alexander J. Thompson
Summary: Prisons in Australia have a high concentration of hepatitis C cases due to the high rates of incarceration among people who inject drugs. While highly effective therapies for hepatitis C are available in Australian prisons, implementation of healthcare in the prison sector faces challenges in terms of testing, treatment, and prevention accessibility for inmates. The main recommendations include increasing testing coverage, improving access to streamlined treatment pathways, expanding opioid agonist therapy coverage, and implementing prison needle and syringe programs. This consensus statement sets best practice standards in HCV management and aims to optimize hepatitis C care in prisons, contributing to Australia's elimination efforts by 2030.
MEDICAL JOURNAL OF AUSTRALIA
(2023)
Article
Virology
Sachith Maduranga, Braulio Mark Valencia, Chathurani Sigera, Thiruni Adikari, Praveen Weeratunga, Deepika Fernando, Senaka Rajapakse, Andrew R. Lloyd, Rowena A. Bull, Chaturaka Rodrigo
Summary: Genomic surveillance is crucial for detecting severe community outbreaks of dengue virus, and a study in Sri Lanka found that DENV2 was the predominant serotype with occasional outbreaks of DENV3. The large outbreak of DENV3 in 2019 did not result in more severe disease, likely due to pre-existing immunity in the community.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Anouschka Akerman, Vanessa Milogiannakis, Tyra Jean, Camille Esneau, Mariana Ruiz Silva, Timothy Ison, Christina Fichter, Joseph A. Lopez, Deborah Chandra, Zin Naing, Joanna Caguicla, Daiyang Li, Gregory Walker, Supavadee Amatayakul-Chantler, Nathan Roth, Sandro Manni, Thomas Hauser, Thomas Barnes, Anna Condylios, Malinna Yeang, Maureen Wong, Charles S. P. Foster, Kenta Sato, Sharon Lee, Yang Song, Lijun Mao, Allison Sigmund, Amy Phu, Ann Marie Vande More, Stephanie Hunt, Mark Douglas, Ian Caterson, Warwick Britton, Kerrie Sandgren, Rowena Bull, Andrew Lloyd, Jamie Triccas, Stuart Tangye, Nathan W. Bartlett, David Darley, Gail Matthews, Damien J. Stark, Kathy Petoumenos, William D. Rawlinson, Ben Murrell, Fabienne Brilot, Anthony L. Cunningham, Anthony D. Kelleher, Anupriya Aggarwal, Stuart G. Turville
Summary: This study monitored the neutralization potency and breadth of antibodies against Omicron variants over time. The findings show that the antibody response to Omicron variants has been maturing, with increased breadth observed even to variants that were not yet in circulation.
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Thomas R. O'Neil, Andrew N. Harman, Anthony L. Cunningham, Najla Nasr, Kirstie M. Bertram
Summary: Understanding the role of human immune cells in tissue is crucial. We developed a 24-color flow cytometry panel to analyze CD4(+) and CD8(+) tissue-resident memory T cells from human tissues. We carefully selected antibody clones and evaluated the effect of enzymatic digestion to ensure accurate marker expression.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Laura E. Downie, Xinyuan Zhang, Mengliang Wu, Senuri Karunaratne, Joon Keit Loi, Kirthana Senthil, Sana Arshad, Kirstie Bertram, Anthony L. Cunningham, Nicole Carnt, Scott N. Mueller, Holly R. Chinnery
Summary: The healthy human cornea contains immune cells that are commonly presumed to be dendritic cells, but the researchers found that many of these immune cells are actually lymphocytes. These corneal immune cells exhibit rapid, persistent motility and interact with other cells. The behavior of these immune cells can be altered in response to acute and chronic inflammatory stimuli, which can be modulated by therapeutic intervention.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Kevin Danastas, Gerry Guo, Jessica Merjane, Nathan Hong, Ava Larsen, Monica Miranda-Saksena, Anthony L. Cunningham
Summary: This study explores the effects of interferons (IFNs) on herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) and reveals that IFNs have the potential to block virus release from nerve endings, thereby preventing transmission into the skin. The study also highlights the potential wider antiviral effects of IFN-γ in neurons, suggesting its role in HSV-1 reactivation. These findings identify new targets for the development of immunotherapies to impede HSV-1 spread from nerves to the skin.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Gabriel Duette, Bonnie Hiener, Hannah Morgan, Fernando G. Mazur, Vennila Mathivanan, Bethany A. Horsburgh, Katie Fisher, Orion Tong, Eunok Lee, Haelee Ahn, Ansari Shaik, Remi Fromentin, Rebecca Hoh, Charline Bacchus-Souffan, Najla Nasr, Anthony L. Cunningham, Peter W. Hunt, Nicolas Chomont, Stuart G. Turville, Steven G. Deeks, Anthony D. Kelleher, Timothy E. Schlub, Sarah Palmer
Summary: Through studying CD4(+) T cells of HIV-1 patients, the importance of effector memory T cells in the persistence of HIV-1 has been identified, and Nef has been suggested as a potential therapeutic target.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION
(2022)