Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Chiara Reggio, Erika Palmisano, Umberto Tecchiati, Alessandro Ravelli, Roberta F. F. Bergamaschi, Paola Salzani, Cristiano Putzolu, Sara Casati, Marica Orioli
Summary: The aim of this research is to identify mammalian species through faecal sediments in both modern and ancient environments, which is of interest to archaeologists, forensic scientists, and ecologists. The researchers have developed an optimized gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method with a time-saving sample preparation protocol to analyze faecal biomarkers in soil samples from an archaeological site in Italy. By comparing these biomarker findings with new studies on faunal materials, the researchers can gain insights into the animal species farmed in the area and the management of breeding. This investigation, along with archaeozoological and archaeobotanical analyses, contributes to our understanding of how ancient communities utilized natural resources and their impact on the landscape.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Silke Matysik, Sabrina Krautbauer, Gerhard Liebisch, Hans-Frieder Schott, Louise Kjolbaek, Arne Astrup, Francois Blachier, Martin Beaumont, Max Nieuwdorp, Annick Hartstra, Simone Rampelli, Uberto Pagotto, Patricia Iozzo
Summary: This study quantified the concentrations of faecal sterol species, bile acids, and short-chain fatty acids in 165 study participants. Participants were classified as low or high converters based on their coprostanol/cholesterol ratio, with low converters excreting more straight-chain fatty acids and bile acids. Concentration ranges of 16 faecal metabolites were provided as reference values, showing significant differences in faecal metabolites between high and low sterol converter groups.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Megan Devane, Pierre-Yves Dupont, Beth Robson, Susan Lin, Paula Scholes, David Wood, Louise Weaver, Jenny Webster-Brown, Brent Gilpin
Summary: This study investigates the impacts of rainfall events on the mobilization of fecal source tracking markers from aged cowpats. The results show that rainfall significantly reduces the mobilization of fecal markers in cowpats, although aged cowpats still release a substantial concentration of Escherichia coli. The study also identifies ten stable fecal steroid markers. These findings contribute to improved source attribution of elevated E. coli in rural environments by water managers.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Purnima Gunness, Honglei Zhai, Barbara A. Williams, Dagong Zhang, Michael J. Gidley
Summary: The study found that pectin can reduce plasma cholesterol and triglyceride levels, increase total bile acid levels, and have different effects on intestinal cholesterol compared to mango; pectin has prebiotic properties and promotes the increase of therapeutic bile acid ursodesoxycholic acid (UDCA).
FOOD HYDROCOLLOIDS
(2021)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Frans Stellaard
Summary: Dietary cholesterol plays a significant role in the endogenous cholesterol pool and affects the serum concentration of total cholesterol, particularly LDL cholesterol. Maintaining a balance in hepatic cholesterol metabolism is crucial for preventing the risk of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases.
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Samy A. Azer, Rana Hasanato
Summary: The study aimed to determine the effectiveness of bile acids as markers of liver dysfunction, however, results showed inconsistencies and a lack of solid evidence to support the use of bile acids as biomarkers of liver injury.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Tomasz Pospieszny, Hanna Koenig, Iwona Kowalczyk, Bogumil Brycki
Summary: Novel quaternary bis-phthalimidopropylalkylammonium conjugates of bile acids were synthesized and their structures were confirmed by various spectroscopic and mass spectrometric analyses, followed by pharmacotherapeutic potential assessment.
JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR STRUCTURE
(2021)
Article
Allergy
Kathleen A. Lee-Sarwar, Yih-Chieh Chen, Jessica Lasky-Su, Rachel S. Kelly, Robert S. Zeiger, George T. O'Connor, Leonard B. Bacharier, Xiaojiong Jia, Avraham Beigelman, Diane R. Gold, Nancy Laranjo, Supinda Bunyavanich, Scott T. Weiss, Augusto A. Litonjua, Patrick J. Brennan
Summary: By analyzing 824 stool samples, it was found that there are changes in intestinal metabolites in children with food allergies, such as bile acids, amino acids, steroid hormones, and caffeine metabolites. These findings help differentiate between children with clinical food allergies, those with food sensitization, and healthy children.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Salla Hakkola, Lotta Nylund, Natalia Rosa-Sibakov, Baoru Yang, Emilia Nordlund, Tapio Pahikkala, Marko Kalliomaki, Anna-Marja Aura, Kaisa M. Linderborg
Summary: The study found that consumption of low molecular weight beta-glucan led to higher excretion of ferulic acid in urine, and lower excretion of deoxycholic and chenodeoxycholic acids in feces. Consumption of high molecular weight beta-glucan resulted in higher duodenal pressure, while the molecular weight of beta-glucan did not affect perceptions of gut well-being, though perceptions differed between females and males.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Bret M. Rust, Matthew J. Picklo, Lin Yan, Aaron A. Mehus, Huawei Zeng
Summary: Time-restricted feeding is an effective method to reduce the risk of obesity-related metabolic diseases by altering nutrient absorption, fecal microbiome, and lipidome. The study found that different feeding timing and fat content can affect fecal fatty acid levels and the composition of microbiota.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Jessica-Miranda Bustamante, Tyson Dawson, Caitlin Loeffler, Zara Marfori, Julian R. R. Marchesi, Benjamin H. H. Mullish, Christopher C. C. Thompson, Keith A. A. Crandall, Ali Rahnavard, Jessica R. R. Allegretti, Bethany P. P. Cummings
Summary: Analysis of fecal samples from obese metabolically healthy patients after FMT treatment identified candidate bacteria that may improve metabolic health and increase gut bacterial bile acid metabolism.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Dawei Deng, Chen Pan, Zeming Wu, Yujiao Sun, Chang Liu, Hong Xiang, Peiyuan Yin, Dong Shang
Summary: Osteoporosis is increasingly common among the global elderly population, and serum metabolite markers are crucial for its treatment and prevention. Metabolomics and lipidomics analysis revealed that lipids metabolism, including glycerol phospholipids, sphingolipids, fatty acids, and bile acids, is deregulated in osteoporosis. Bile acids, particularly hyocholic acids, were found to play essential roles and may serve as potential markers for diagnosis and treatment.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Junai Zhen, Xueli Yuan, Liping Tao, Huidan Zhang, Yijun Ren, Shengbin Xie, Libo Wang, Hua Shen, Yuqing Chen
Summary: By studying the gut microbiome and metabolic pathways of Pere David's deer with diarrhea, significant changes in gut microbiota diversity and composition, along with considerable alterations in numerous fecal metabolites and several metabolic pathways, were observed.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Anna Kawka, Grzegorz Hajdas, Damian Kulaga, Hanna Koenig, Iwona Kowalczyk, Tomasz Pospieszny
Summary: New steroid conjugates were synthesized by click chemistry method using bile acids and sterol derivatives. The conjugates were obtained by azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction, forming a bile acid-sterol conjugate linked with a 1,2,3-triazole ring. The structures of the conjugates and substrates were confirmed by spectral analysis, mass spectrometry, and computational calculations. The synthesized compounds were evaluated for their pharmacotherapeutic potential using prediction of activity spectra and molecular docking.
JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR STRUCTURE
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Jiri Kopacek, Josef Hejzlar, Petr Porcal, Petr Znachor
Summary: The study identified significant impacts of climate change and human activities on the water temperature, biota, and other indicators in the Slapy reservoir, showing complex trends over the long-term evolution.
