Journal
CHEMOSPHERE
Volume 93, Issue 6, Pages 1035-1042Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.05.074
Keywords
Marine angiosperm; Metal stress; Microtubule cytoskeleton; Cell mortality; Biomarker; Cymodocea nodosa
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The effects of increasing Cu, Ni and Cr concentrations (0.5, 5, 10,20 and 40 mg L-1) on microtubule organization and the viability of leaf cells of the seagrass Cymodocea nodosa for 13 consecutive days were investigated under laboratory conditions. Increased oblique microtubule orientation, microtubule depolymerization at the 5-40 mg L-1 Ni treatments after 3 d of exposure, and a complete microtubule depolymerization at all Ni treatments after 5 d were observed. Cu depolymerised microtubules after three to 7 d of exposure, while Cr caused an extensive microtubule bundling after 9 or 11 d of exposure, depending on metal dosage. Fluorescence intensity measurements further consolidated the above phenomena. Cell death, occurring at later time than microtubule disturbance, was also observed at all Cu and Ni treatments and at the 10-40 mg L-1 Cr treatments and adding to the above quantification of the number of dead cells clearly showed that only a portion of the cell population studied died. The data presented, being the first assessment of microtubule disturbance in seagrasses, indicate that microtubules in seagrass leaf cells could be used as a valuable and early marker of metal-induced stress in biomonitoring programmes. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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