4.7 Article

Fate of citalopram during water treatment with O3, ClO2, UV and fenton oxidation

Journal

CHEMOSPHERE
Volume 89, Issue 2, Pages 129-135

Publisher

PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.05.024

Keywords

Citalopram; Transformation product; O-3; ClO2; UV; Fenton

Funding

  1. Slovene Ministry of Higher Education, Science and Technology [Z1-3677, P1-0143, BI-DK/07-09-003]
  2. COST Action [636]
  3. European Community's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7) CytoThreat: Fate and effects of cytostatic pharmaceuticals in the environment and the identification of biomarkers for improved risk assessment on environmental exposure [265264]
  4. Swedish Research Council for Environment, Agricultural Sciences and Spatial Planning (FORMAS)
  5. Swedish Foundation for Strategic Environmental Research through the MistraPharma programme

Ask authors/readers for more resources

In the present study we investigate the fate of citalopram (CIT) at neutral pH using advanced water treatment technologies that include O-3. ClO2 oxidation, UV irradiation and Fenton oxidation. The ozonation resulted in 80% reduction after 30 min treatment. Oxidation with ClO2 removed >90% CIT at a dosage of 0.1 mg L-1. During UV irradiation 85% reduction was achieved after 5 min, while Fenton with addition of 14 mg L-1 (Fe2+) resulted in 90% reduction of CIT. During these treatment experiments transformation products (TPs) were formed from CIT, where five compounds were identified by using high resolution and tandem mass spectrometry. Among these desmethyl-citalopram and citalopram N-oxide have been previously identified as human metabolites, while three are novel and published here for the first time. The three TPs are a hydroxylated dimethylamino-side chain derivative, a butyrolactone derivative and a defluorinated derivative of CIT. (c) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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