Journal
CHEMOSPHERE
Volume 82, Issue 6, Pages 923-928Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2010.10.035
Keywords
Aerobic digestion; Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate; Bacillus thuringiensis; Fenton oxidation; Fermentation; Ultrasonication
Categories
Funding
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada [A4984, STP235071]
- NSERC
- INRS-ETE
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The presence of bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and its metabolites, i.e. 2-ethylhexanol, 2-ethylhexanal, and 2-ethylhexanoic acid in wastewater sludge (WWS) were investigated during aerobic digestion and Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt)-based fermentation of WWS. Ultrasonication and Fenton oxidation pretreatment was applied to improve biodegradability of WWS and bioavailability of the target compounds for digestion and fermentation. DEHP and 2-ethylhexanoic acid were observed at higher concentration, meanwhile 2-ethylhexanol and 2-ethylhexanal were observed at lower concentration in WWS. After 20-day aerobic digestion, DEHP removal was 72%, 89%, and 85%, and 2-ethylhexanoic acid removal was 71%, 84%, 79%, respectively for raw, ultrasonicated, and Fenton-oxidized sludges. Bt was found to degrade DEHP, leading to DEHP removal of 21%, 40%, and 30%, respectively for raw, ultrasonicated, and Fenton-oxidized sludges in the fermentation. The results suggested that aerobic stabilization and Bt-based fermentation can remove the phthalates, and pre-treatment of WWS was also effective in improvement of DEHP biodegradation. Hence. Bt-based biopesticide production from WWS can be applied safely when taking into consideration the phthalate contaminants. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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