Journal
CHEMISTRY-A EUROPEAN JOURNAL
Volume 17, Issue 48, Pages 13593-13602Publisher
WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
DOI: 10.1002/chem.201101411
Keywords
density functional calculations; detonation performance; dipicrylamine; energetic salts; explosives
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Funding
- Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education [20091101110033]
- Pre-Research Foundation of China North Chemical Industries (Group) Co. [3100021021002]
- National Natural Science Fund Project [21172020]
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Energetic salts based on dipicrylamine and its amino derivative were synthesized. All salts were fully characterized by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy (H-1, C-13), vibrational spectroscopy (IR), and elemental analysis. Ethylenediammonium di-DPA (DPA=dipicrylamine) and 1,3-diaminoguanidinium DPA were further confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. These salts exhibit reasonable physical properties, such as high densities (1.71-1.81 gcm(-3)), good thermal stabilities (T-d=155-285 degrees C), and low solubilities in water. The impact sensitivity of 1-methyl-3,4,5-triamino-1,2,4-triazolium DPA is lower than that of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), and for some other energetic salts their impact sensitivities are comparable to that of TNT. Based on experimental densities and theoretical calculations carried out by using the Gaussian 03 suite of programs, all the salts have calculated detonation pressures (22.5-27.8 GPa) and velocities (7226-7917 ms(-1)) that exceed those of conventional TNT. The toxicities of these salts measured by luminescent bacteria toxicity tests are much lower than that of TNT, and two binary eutectic mixtures with melting points that fall between 70 and 100 degrees C were identified.
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