Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Tian-Run Lv, Wen-Hai Zhang, Ya-Qiong Yang, Jia-Chen Zhang, Ming-Jie Yin, Zhigang Yin, Ken-Tye Yong, Quan-Fu An
Summary: With increasing demands for flexible organic electronic devices, conductive polymers have shown significant breakthroughs in the past decade due to their outstanding conductivity, solution-processing ability, and tailorability. However, commercialization of these devices still lags behind due to performance limitations and limited manufacturing techniques. This review comprehensively summarizes the state-of-the-art technologies for developing organic devices using conductive polymers, including synthesis methods, film fabrication techniques, nanostructure and microstructure tailoring, device applications, and future directions.
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Shisong Nie, Zaifang Li, Yuyuan Yao, Yingzhi Jin
Summary: PEDOT, the most popularly used conductive polymer, is favored for its high conductivity, stability, transparency, and easy processing. Its synthesis methods, including chemical polymerization, electrochemical polymerization, and transition metal-mediated coupling polymerization, play a crucial role in determining its properties and applications. Future research directions to acquire high-quality PEDOT are also discussed in this review.
FRONTIERS IN CHEMISTRY
(2021)
Review
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Meng Li, Zuzhi Bai, Xiao Chen, Cong-Cong Liu, Jing-Kun Xu, Xiao-Qi Lan, Feng-Xing Jiang
Summary: Researchers review the basic physics of conductive PEDOT materials by combining theory and experiment, providing new insights for its development.
Article
Polymer Science
Mina Ghafouri Azar, Jagan Mohan Dodda, Petr Belsky, Miroslav Slouf, Veronika Vavrunkova, Jaroslav Kadlec, Tomas Remis
Summary: A simple and cost-effective method to fabricate conductive triple network hydrogels was demonstrated by doping PEDOT:PSS into the matrix. The hydrogels were homogeneous in the swollen state and showed slight differences at the nanoscale when compared with/without PEDOT:PSS. The hydrogels exhibited conductivity in the range of 0.3-1.5 mS cm(-1), making them suitable for biosensors or devices related to skin/internal tissues.
POLYMER INTERNATIONAL
(2021)
Article
Polymer Science
Lucija Fiket, Marin Bozicevic, Lana Brkic, Patricia Zagar, Anamarija Horvat, Zvonimir Katancic
Summary: This study aimed to synthesize an intrinsically stretchable conductive polymer by atom transfer radical polymerization. The synthesized PEDOT-g-PAU showed high stretchability and has potential applications in skin-worn flexible electronics. However, additional doping is needed to improve the electrical properties.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Goomin Kwon, Se-Hyun Kim, Dabum Kim, Kangyun Lee, Youngho Jeon, Cheon-Seok Park, Jungmok You
Summary: The BC/PEDOT composites fabricated by vapor phase polymerization exhibit significantly lower sheet resistance than solution polymerized BC/PEDOT, while maintaining good flexibility and stability. They can be used to power green light-emitting diode (LED) lights, demonstrating excellent electronic performance.
CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Wen Chen, Han Xiao, Xufeng Zhou, Xueyan Xu, Shunqiong Jiang, Zhihong Qin, Shiyun Ding, Cancan Bian, Zhaoping Liu
Summary: Graphene films have high electrical conductivity and good mechanical strength, making them ideal for use in supercapacitors. However, their low elastic deformation ability limits their application in stretchable supercapacitors. By combining graphene with a conductive polymer hydrogel, the resulting composite film exhibits improved ductility and higher specific capacitance. A proof-of-concept planar supercapacitor using this graphene-conductive polymer hydrogel composite film as electrodes retains excellent electrochemical performance even under stretching conditions.
ACS APPLIED ENERGY MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Chin-Tai Chen, Zhe-Hao Zhang
Summary: Transparent conductive materials and films at nanometer scales have been studied for industrial applications like optical detectors, displays, and solar cells, with recent advancements in emerging nanomaterials further enhancing their properties. A low-pressure droplet-evaporation deposition method using dual spray of PEDOT:PSS and graphene solutions in a vacuum environment has been shown to produce composite films with higher conductivity than single component ones, providing the capability to control conductivity and transmittance for applications in flexible displays and solar cells.
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Jia-wen Zhang, Yan Zhang, Yuan-yuan Li, Xu Ye, Ping Wang, Yukang Xu
Summary: In this study, PEDOT@NWF composites were prepared using VPP technique on nonwoven fabric substrates, with factors affecting polymerization effect explored. The conductive nonwoven fabrics exhibited uniform PEDOT coating and were analyzed for morphological, structural, and electrical properties. Pressure sensors made from these materials showed good sensitivity and fast response time.
ACS APPLIED ELECTRONIC MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Qiufeng Meng, Haijun Song, Yong Du, Yufei Ding, Kefeng Cai
Summary: In this study, flexible PC-Ag2Te nanocomposite film was prepared using PEDOT:PSS coated silver telluride nanorods, showing high power factors at different temperatures. The electrical conductivity of the nanocomposite film decreased by only about 3.3% after 1000 bending cycles, indicating good stability. An optimal PC-Ag2Te nanocomposite film assembled thermoelectric generator exhibited high output power and power density at a temperature gradient of 30.3 K.
JOURNAL OF MATERIOMICS
(2021)
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Bin Hou, Chuao Ma, Sidi Li, Hongliang Liu
Summary: This article mainly discusses the methods of modifying PEDOT thin films in green solvents. According to the source of PEDOT, the modification methods are mainly described from two aspects: modification of in-situ PEDOT and modification of PEDOT:PSS complex. The article concludes with the remaining challenges for future development of PEDOT thin films prepared by green methods.
FRONTIERS IN CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Sihui Chen, Na Song, Mengxiao Zhong, Ce Wang, Xiaofeng Lu
Summary: In this study, 2D PEDOT nanosheets were successfully synthesized through a facile method and utilized for electrochemical sensing of iodide ions, showing a low detection limit and a good linear range. The 2D PEDOT-based sensor exhibited excellent reproducibility, stability, and selectivity for the detection of iodide ions, making it suitable for real sample analysis.
ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Joo Won Han, Ajeng Prameswati, Siti Aisyah Nurmaulia Entifar, Jung Ha Kim, Anky Fitrian Wibowo, Jihyun Park, Jonghee Lee, Soyeon Kim, Dong Chan Lim, Myoung-Woon Moon, Min-Seok Kim, Yong Hyun Kim
Summary: This study investigates highly conductive, flexible, and durable silver nanowire (AgNW)-embedded carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)/poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) (s-CMC/PEDOT:PSS) composite films for wearable heaters and on-skin sensors. By optimizing the electrical conductivities of the CMC/PEDOT:PSS composites and embedding AgNW networks, the resulting s-CMC/PEDOT:PSS composite films exhibit high performance and mechanical stability. These films have great potential in next-generation electronics.
ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Nese Guven, Baris Yucel, Hajar Sultanova, Pinar Camurlu
Summary: In this study, two novel bipyridine-based Ru(II) complexes with different number of EDOT groups were synthesized and electrochemically polymerized to form metallopolymers. The resulting polymers exhibited ambipolar and multichromic behavior, with reversible redox activity in the cathodic region and redox activity of the conjugated backbone in the anodic region. Increasing the number of polymerizable units improved film quality and increased color diversity. Copolymerization improved band gap and switching time, further widening the color range of the polymers.
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Sujin Cha, Eugene Lee, Gilsoo Cho
Summary: In this work, transparent conducting electrodes (TCEs) based on PEDOT:PSS/PVDF nanofiber web were fabricated for dye-sensitized photovoltaic textiles. The TCEs showed high transparency and conductivity, making them suitable for applications in dye-sensitized photovoltaic textiles.
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jian Yan, Changwen Zhao, Yuhong Ma, Wantai Yang
Summary: Compared to traditional 2D biochips, 3D biochips offer higher probe density and detection sensitivity due to their designable surface microstructure and enlarged surface area. In this study, a 3D protein chip was prepared by depositing a monolayer of functionalized hollow silica nanoparticles (HSNs) on an activated cyclic olefin copolymer (COC) substrate. The fabricated chip showed improved roughness and light transmittance of the COC substrate, and exhibited higher immobilization efficiency and detection capability for immunoglobulin G compared to a 2D epoxide group-modified glass slide. This nanoparticle-based 3D protein microarray fabrication approach has great potential in biorelated detection.
Article
Biophysics
Wenting Chu, Yuhong Ma, Yuning Zhang, Xinjie Cao, Zhongyu Shi, Ying Liu, Xuejia Ding
Summary: An investigation showed that grafting polysaccharide agarose onto silicone rubber surface effectively inhibits bacterial adhesion and growth, improving the performance of medical devices. The modified silicone rubber surfaces demonstrated reduced water contact angle, successfully limiting bacterial adherence. After 10 days of simulated dynamic microenvironment in vivo, the durability and stability of the coating were observed, indicating a long service life. This modification method retains the biocompatibility of silicone rubber and opens new applications in the field of biomedical materials.
COLLOIDS AND SURFACES B-BIOINTERFACES
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Yi Gong, Weiping Xu, Dong Chen, Yuhong Ma, Changwen Zhao, Wantai Yang
Summary: Biaxially orientated polypropylene (BOPP) was combined with polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) to form an all-organic sandwich-structured composite, which significantly improved the energy storage performance. By blending PVDF and chlorinated polypropylene (CPP) as the middle layer, the interfacial adhesion was strengthened. Furthermore, by grafting various methacrylates onto CPP, the discharge energy density and efficiency of the sandwich-structured composites were further improved.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Can Xu, Hongyi Shu, Chuxuan Chen, Xi Qi, Pengfei Zhou, Yuhong Ma, Changwen Zhao, Wantai Yang
Summary: A green and efficient strategy was developed to fabricate crosslinked microspheres with interconnected mesoporous structures and abundant adsorption active sites. The cationic microspheres (Cat-TMs) showed excellent adsorption performance to diclofenac sodium (DS) with rapid adsorption rate, high equilibrium adsorption capacity, and excellent recyclability. Cat-TMs can be considered as a highly promising adsorbent for the rapid and ultra-efficient removal of anionic organic contaminants and have significant potential to be applied in wastewater treatment.
Article
Polymer Science
Chang-Tong Song, Xian-Hong Zhang, Dong Chen, Yu-Hong Ma, Wan-Tai Yang
Summary: Precipitation polymerization has advantages in both polymer synthesis and applications without surfactant or dispersing agent. Poly(vinyl chloride-co-n-butyl acrylate-co-vinyl acetate) (PCBV) random terpolymers were successfully synthesized in the precipitation polymerization system using vinyl chloride (VC), n-butyl acrylate (BA), and vinyl acetate (VAc). The effects of various polymerization conditions on the polymerization kinetics, number-average molecular weight (M-n), and terpolymer composition were investigated systematically. The solvent and monomer feed ratio played crucial roles in the polymer morphology and reaction kinetics. VC based ternary copolymer obtained in n-hexane showed lower M-n (<20 kDa) and higher BA units mass fraction (>40 wt%) compared with emulsion and suspension polymerization. The terpolymer can be easily separated by simple centrifugation.
CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Hongyi Shu, Changtong Song, Liu Yang, Chuang Wang, Dong Chen, Xianhong Zhang, Yuhong Ma, Wantai Yang
Summary: In this study, clean and well-dispersed poly(vinyl chloride) microspheres with particle sizes ranging from 185 to 335 nm were successfully synthesized using the 2SP polymerization method. By simply tuning the monomer feed ratios, copolymers with a high content of maleic anhydride (up to 50 mol %) were obtained.
INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Yingxue Wu, Liu Yang, Jiadong Wang, Sirui Li, Xianhong Zhang, Dong Chen, Yuhong Ma, Wantai Yang
Summary: The development of degradable, cost-effective, and eco-friendly ionic conductive gels is highly desired. However, achieving biocompatible, degradable, tough, and durable conductive gels is challenging. In this study, a facile strategy is developed for the design and synthesis of degradable tough eutectogels using a supramolecular network and a deep eutectic solvent. These eutectogels demonstrate multiple desired properties and can be used to fabricate biocompatible and degradable multifunctional ionic skins for flexible wearable electronic devices.
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Chuang Wang, Changtong Song, Hongyi Shu, Dongcang Sun, Liu Yang, Xianhong Zhang, Dong Chen, Yuhong Ma, Wantai Yang
Summary: In this work, cross-linked poly(vinyl chloride) (CL-PVC) microspheres were synthesized via self-stabilized precipitation (2SP) polymerization using diallyl maleate (DAM) as a cross-linking agent. The results showed that the mixture solvent of n-hexane and ethanol was suitable for the 2SP polymerization. The addition of CL-PVC and dioctyl phthalate-extended CL-PVC (DECL-PVC) microspheres as fillers in rigid PVC resin improved both mechanical and impact strengths.
INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Yan Chen, Wenhao Kuang, Wenxing Jiang, Li Wang, Dong Chen, Yuhong Ma, Wantai Yang
Summary: A facile and efficient method for the preparation of heat-resistant poly(N-phenylmaleimide-co-limonene) microspheres bearing endocyclic vinyl groups was developed. Monodisperse microspheres with tunable sizes and copolymer compositions were obtained through self-stabilized precipitation polymerization. The separated microspheres can be reused, improving monomer conversion, and the unreacted endocyclic double bonds provide a versatile platform for chemical modification.
INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Yuqing Fan, Yuan Zhang, Lin Sheng, Dong Chen, Yuhong Ma, Changwen Zhao, Wantai Yang
Summary: This paper proposes a novel and versatile surface modification method, which combines UV light-mediated thiol-ene click surface grafting polymerization and postmodification reactions, to achieve the preparation of films with excellent antibacterial properties and superhydrophobicity.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Bingzheng Jiang, Dong Chen, Changwen Zhao, Yuhong Ma, Li Wang, Wantai Yang
Summary: In this study, a copolymer of mixed olefins and maleic anhydride (PUGM) was prepared by self-stabilized precipitation polymerization (2SP) and used for the synthesis of stable polyelectrolyte complexes (PECs). The introduction of long mPEG side chains (M (n) = 4000) had a significant effect on the particle size and stability of the self-assembled PEC particles. This work not only provides a cost-effective approach to PECs from petroleum resources but also deepens our understanding of the relationship between the chain structure of polyelectrolytes and the stability of PECs.
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Yi Gong, Dong Chen, Yuhong Ma, Wantai Yang
Summary: A series of polyaniline-coated BaTiO3 hybrid dielectric fillers were prepared, and the morphology of the fillers can be controlled by the ratio of aniline and BaTiO3 particles. Introducing these fillers into the poly(vinylidene fluoride) matrix can suppress dielectric loss and enhance dielectric constant. Finite element simulation results showed that the surface morphology of adjacent hybrid fillers played an important role in dielectric performance. Introducing the fillers into a sandwich-structured film can significantly improve energy storage density.
ACS APPLIED ELECTRONIC MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Dongcang Sun, Changtong Song, Xianhong Zhang, Dong Chen, Yuhong Ma, Wantai Yang
Summary: A UF membrane with significantly improved filtration flux was prepared using a blend of PVC and low molecular weight PVMA. The water flux of the membrane fabricated with PVMA/PVC (50/50 wt%/wt%) was boosted to 691.67 L m(-2) h(-1), compared to 64.66 L m(-2) h(-1) for the pure PVC membrane. The Pd-PVMA/PVC membrane, employing immobilized palladium nanoparticles as a catalyst, showed an efficiency as high as 99.0% for the degradation of 4-NP at a filtration flux of 208.75 L m(-2) h(-1).
MATERIALS ADVANCES
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Kanglei Wang, Changwen Zhao, Yuhong Ma, Wantai Yang
Summary: This study presents a novel method for fabricating encapsulated yeast cells with a yolk-shell structure, and significantly prolongs the lag phase of the yeast cells by adjusting the thickness of the shell.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Chuxuan Chen, Can Xu, Jiaxin Zhai, Changwen Zhao, Yuhong Ma, Wantai Yang
Summary: This paper presents a revolutionary strategy to address indoor formaldehyde emission by developing a novel adhesive to replace UF resin. The new adhesive, olefin-maleamic acid (OMA) resin, allows for the production of high-quality WBPs at a low cost and simplified gluing process.
INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH
(2023)